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()' * of the weight of the original poly ethylene being added. Results with this type of polymeriza tion have renewed interest in grafting with ultraviolet light of well defined w a v e lengths. side chain by a branch or a long seg ment of a polymer chain would dras tically alter the physical properties of a homopolymer or a random copolymer motivated a strong research drive. T h e entire area of organic chemical reac tions has been marshalled to provide new ways to prepare both graft and block polymers. The ideas of graft and block poly merization began to take shape as far back as 1933. At that time. H o m e r Adkins. of the University of Wisconsin, and one of his students. Raymond
Institute of Chemists, the Society of Chemical Industry, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has served on advisory panels for the Depart ment of Defense and the National Science Foundation. ARTHUR KATCHMAN received a B.A. from New York University in 1949 and a Ph.D. from the Polytechnic In stitute of Brooklyn in 1955. From 1955 to 1957 he was a research chemist with Hooker Electrochemical, and in 1957 he returned to the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn as a research associate, where he worked with Overberger on polymerization studies. H e is now with General Electric. Katchman is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Chemical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
References
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H liiuiu-rmit ai.ii H . Mark. Mukr.au^i < h< ,u . I S . Ml ι 1M55 » H. C: Iltlllt/ .111(1 I I . AtlkltlV J .\W. < ht trs SiH.. 5 5 , l(> m i » m o l e c u l e , îii t h e p r e N c m v «»i growing p o k i u c i chains, was capable of i n c r e a s i n g its m o l e c u l a r Μ/Λ*. Thin \isct>sit> m e a M i i c m e i t t . s l e d tl*cin t·» c o n c l u d e · t h a t n e w ;»t>iene unit* a t t a c h to p o l \ s t \ i e i i e m o l e c u l e s suhjec t e d t·» the action oi a p o l y m e r i z i n g sxtiemnioiioiuer. A b o u t l o u r v e a r s l a t e r . P a u l l*"ku\. now e . \ e e u t i \ e d i r e c t o r ol r e s e a r c h a* M e l l o n I n s t i t u t e , s u g g e s t e d l r o m hi> studies with D u Pont that branched \ i n \ l p o K m e r s c o u l d r e s i d t from c h a i n transfer reactions involving p o l y m e r molecules a n d g r o w i n g poK mer chains I n 1 9 4 3 . F r a n k M a \ o . now a t S t a n ford R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , p r e s e n t e d ex p e r i m e n t a l e v i d e n c e h e f o u n d in hi*» w o r k w i t h C S. R u b b e r t h a t tirow i n n pol> m e r c h a i n s e n g a g e in c h a i n t r a n s f e r reactions with solvent molecules He also p r o p o s e d t h a t grow in*z polv m e i chains c o u l d u n d e r g o chain transfer i t a c t i o n s w i t h polv m e r m o l e c u l e s , a s l*'lorv h a d s u g g e s t e d . A b o u t t h r e e \ e a i > l a t e r at t h e l / i n versitv of R o c h e s t e r . R. B . C a r l i n , n o w of C a r n e g i e Institute» of T e c h n o l o g y . a n d o n e of his s t u d e n t s . X . E . S h a k e speare, now at American Cvanamid. t h e r m a l l y p o l y m e r i z e d p - c h l o r o s t ν rentin t h e p r e s e n c e of polv m e t h a c r > l a t e t o s h o w t h a t s o m e of t h e polv m e r m o l e c u l e s c o n t a i n e d u n i t s of b o t h k i n d s . T h e s e w e r e b a s i c u n i t s of d i s c o v e r y on w h i c h p r e s e n t i d e a s h a v e b e e n d e veloped. In t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g discus sions, e x a m p l e s a r e d r a w n from t h e s t u d i e s of so m a n y r e s e a r c h w o r k e r s t h a t n o a t t e m p t vv ill b e m a d e t o r e f e r to a l l of t h e m . (Continued
next
pane)
BOJOlFOtiB? T h e y r a n h e — h u t not alv\av- neee^>arily. W h i l e e n i u U i o i i |»r«>hhMii^ o f t e n r e s u l t i n p x o d u r t lo^>e>. >h»v\ p r o e e » i n g r a t e < a n d l«»>t m a n u f a c t u r i n g time» they c a n o f t e n be c u r e d . T h e T r e t o l i t e C o m p a n y di\i>ton> of P e t r o l i t e C a i r p o r a t i o n h a v e s p e c i a l i z e d in d e m u l s i i n a t i o n chemieaU a n d service* for nearly half a c e n t u r y . W e h a v e o v e r c o m e m a n y > e \ e r e e m u l s i o n p r o b l e m s in t h e o i l . c h e m i cal, p h a r m a c e u t i c a l , m i n i n g a n d o t h e r industries. O u r y e a r ? o f e x p e r i e n c e h a v e t a u g h t u^ tfiat t h e r e is n o e a * y . s u r e - f i r e , • • u r e - a l l . T h i s s a m e experience has also taught u s to be l i e v e t h a t if t h e p r o b l e m r a n h e c o r r e c t e d , yve c a n d o i t . W h y n o t free those emulsified dollars? Pre liminary consultat»on a n d advisory service is a v a i l a b l e a t n o c o s t t o y o u . J u s t « h o p u s a l i n e o r call . . .
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DEÎVIULSIFIERS · C O R R O S I O N I N H I B I T O R S METAL· D E A C T I V A T O R S · A D D I T I V E S PARAFFIN R E M O V E R S · S C A L E PREVENTIVES NOV.
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Wishing for a volatile surfactant?
Block Copolymers (x + l )
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