principles, laws, quantitative relations, and so forth. There are two exercises on ionization and electrolysis and an advanced one covering electrical energy from chemical changes. The section concludes with two exercises treating fuels and hydrocarbons. More illustrations and figures might be employed in the Inorganic Section. The authors require frequent consultations between student and instructor by allowing for student development of certain experiments. This plan is good, where strict supervision is maintained. Section I1 is the Latter third of the manual devoted t o Elementary Qualitative Analysis. Its analytical details are well worked out as would be expected from followers of Gooch and Browning. There is little fluff and theory, but a sufficient number of pregnant questions to accompany a good class text. Outlines of analysis are shown hy large flow sheets. Strengths of solutions a r e not always specified, but lists of reagents and their concentrations are given in the appendix. The manual is well written. well edited. and ~ . o o r.l vhound. S o fine a group of experiments merits a better housing. R. D. BILLINOER
The Thermodynamics part includes sections on Basic Principles (c. g.. first and second laws, perfect gas law, Maxwell distribution law) ; Pure Substances (gases, liquids, solids, interphase equilibria); Dilute Gaseous Mixtures (gaseous equilibria); Dilute Liauid Mixtures of Non-Electralvtes (theories of solution): , . Conccntrared hlixturcs of Son-Elcctrolytcs in b r i o u s States of Aggregation (nctivitics, deviations from ideal solution, solid solution, and so forth). I n treating detailed topics, the empirical facts, accompanied by an excellent, though brief, description of experimental methods are first presented. A derivation of the thermodynamical q u a tions used to account for the experimental findings is then given. Wherever possible, the kinetic or statistical approach t o the same problem is indicated. Due t o the physical proximity of experiment and theory, such a development serves, in a very limited fashion, t o correlate the two. I t falls far short, however, of the logical culmination of such a n approach-to show how the experimental facts led t o the particular interpretation and how, in turn, the theory suggested new experiments. Too many of our "modern" texts fail completely t o demonstrate the scientific method as i t was actually (historically) applied and thus leave the student with a sense of the "unreality" of the equations he is re. nuired ~-to use. Especially to be commenhl i% the large numlxr of illuurative problrms which have been worked out in dctail. The derivations of equations are very complete and, in fact, often overstep in the direction of too much detail (c. g.. page 309; problems, pages 15260). An excellent, up-to-date bibliography appears in the form of footnotes. The inclusion of both the "cycle" and "free energy" treatment of the various subjects (e. g., Clausius-Clapeyron equation, pages 110-11; equilibrium constants, pages 180-90) is of very questionable value, particularly since i t leads t o a large expansion of the text without compensating advantages. The Lewis and Randall terminology is adopted, and it would thus seem that the free energy treatment should suffice. The attempt t o cram as much material a s possible on a page has resulted in a very confusing arrangement. The various sections of a naee (text and foot. " are often inadeauatelv. se~arated . note, samc type, srpawtrd by small marker, pages 56. 130, 231; Figure 99 so reduccd that lepends i r e difficult to read). It is unlortunatc that poor spacing and a "cry limited selection of type should mar an otherwise excellent printing job. This short textbook is to be recommended as a fairly complete and useful reference for those who do not possess the author's larger work. Its appearance in a foreign language will, of course, restrict its use t o secondary reference p i q o r e s in elementary physical chemistry courses. JOSEPHGREENSPAN BaooELm Comsae BBOOBLYN, NBWYOEX
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INTRODU~TION To OROANIC CHEMISTRY. HigPolyle Grucner and Herman P . Lankelma, Western Reserve University. American 533 pp. 13.5 Book Company, New York City. 1939. viii X 22 cm. $3.00. This text is written primarily for the liberal arts student who desires to include organic chemistry for its cultural value in his background of a general education. In order t o present the logical development of the science a s the chemistry of the hydracarbons and their derivatives, the forty-eight chapters are grouped under five parts: Part I: Open-Chain Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives; Part 11: The Benzene Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives; Part 111: Completion of the Hydrocarbon Series, Part IV: Heterocyclic Compounds; and Part V: Special Topics. Only a few of the more important methods of preparation and properties of the many classes of compounds are given. There is little discussion of the type of argument used t o determine the structure of individual compounds, and practically no presentation of modern ideas of valence and atomic structure as applied to organic problems. Rather, emphasis is placed upon such topics of general human interest as industrial applications, and discoveries of medical and biochemical significance. There is little material of a historical nature in the text. ' It should prove an interesting experiment i chemical education to follow the reception of a book which ma es such a radical break from treatment of the science as found in the - -~ ~ the ~~ rimrous ~ ~ ~ widely used texts of Lucas and Conant. JOHN R. SAMPEY
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K m s sL E H R B U DER ~ P H Y S I X A L I S ~CABWE, N Hefte I Grundprinzipien der Physikalischen Chemie. Lehre von den reinen Stoffen und Mischungen von Nichtelektrolyten (PhysikalischChemische Thermodynamik). Dr. Karl Jellinek, Em. Professor an der Technischen Hochschule Danzig. N. V. Uitgevers-Maatschappij AE. E. Kluwer, Deventer (Niederlande). 1938. xii 314 pp. 163 figs. 37 tables. 16 X 25 cm. 8.50 hfl. The K n n z ~ sLEHR~UCK DER PHYSMALISCHEN CHEMIErepresents the author's attempt t o compact his very comprehensive five-volume text, together with his many years of experience in teaching the subject, into a usable short textbook. The complete work, of which the present volume constitutes Part I, Physical-Chemical Thermodynamics, will appear in four parts, with a treatment of Electrochemistry, Phase Rule and Colloids in Part 11, Structure of Matter in Part 111, and Photochemistry and Wave Mechanics, Part IV.
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T A ~ ~ M E RuI rEn MESOMERIE. Dr.PhiJ. Bernd Eirtert. Verlag von FerdinandEnkeinStuttgart, Stuttgart-W, Germany, 1938. 1 204 pp. 16 X 24.5 cm. RM. 15.80. I n spite of its title, this book has comparatively little t o say about tautamerism but is almost entirely devoted t o a discussion of mesomerism (resonance). The point of view throughout is that of an organic chemist, and the quantum mechanical basis of the theory is hardly touched upon. Although this is doubtless an advantage far those resders who do not have the requisite mathematical and physical background, it also introduces certain weaknesses. Fdr example, the theory of mesomerism is made to appear in the light of an ad hoc hypothesis to an unnecessary extent. More serious is the fact that a number of rather fundamental errors are t o be found. These include, among others, the meaningless distinction drawn on page 75 between the normal R R of a symmetrical ethylene, in which all structure >C = R
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