Government
Nation's R&D budget highest in five years Federal science support will increase 7,6% to more than $16 billion; NSF budget is up 22% to reach record high
The last time the federal budget for science approached the heights proposed in the Nixon budget was at the apex of spending for the space program in fiscal 1967. The new Nixon budget calls for boosting federal support for R&D by 7.6%, or about $1.1 billion, to $16.7 billion for the fiscal year beginning next July 1. The National Science Foundation
Pentagon gets bulk of new R&D funding increase Billions of dollars
1962
NASA
DOD
HEW
AEC
NSF
Other
1964
1966 1968 Fiscal years
1970 1972 1962 1964
1966 1968 Fiscal years
1970 1972
Obligations for research ™ " ^ » Obligations for development
36 C&EN FEB. 8, 1971
Estimate Source: Federal budget
budget is u p 22%. The National Institutes of Health budget is u p 11.8%. The Pentagon R&D budget is up 12.3%. Federal money for R&D a t colleges and universities is up 14.7%. And money for civilian research—excluding that funded by the Pentagon, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Atomic Energy Commission—is up 13.8%. Only two major federal agencies have lower R&D funding levels in the budget. NASA's budget is down about 4.9% and AEC's is down about 4.5%. Total actual cash outlays by all federal agencies supporting R&D in 1972, however, will creep u p only $400 million to $15.7 billion. High priority. Dr. Edward E. David, Jr., President Nixon's science adviser, says that t h e R&D budget might well be viewed as a policy statement declaring that R&D is a very-high-priority item in this Administration. He adds that the budget will help lower the unemployment rate for R&D people, but concedes it won't do much for the aerospace industry. NSF gets $116 million more in its budget, b u t some of t h e gain comes from bringing other agency programs to NSF. Only about $53 million of the NSF budget will be used for new initiatives. Moreover, while funding for individual investigators will increase, NSF funds for refurbishing and updating facilities will be small. Some of the overall increase in NSF's R&D budget—from $343 million in 1971 to $495 million in 1972— comes from a sharp downgrading of NSF's graduate education effort, the shifting of programs within NSF, and interagency program transfers. NSF has $12.8 million, for i n s t a n c e out of a total of $622 million, the highest budget in the agency's history— for funding Materials Research Interdisciplinary Laboratories (IDL's) at 12 universities. These IDL's formerly were supported by t h e Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency. NSF will also take over funding of the National Magnet Laboratory and logistic support of the U.S. scientific expeditions to the Antarctic. Still, overall NSF support of scientific research projects will be boosted
to $257.8 million in fiscal 1972 from $175.9 million this year. NSF funding for chemistry research will total $27.7 million, $8.2 million more than in fiscal 1971 and $10.3 million more than in fiscal 1970. NSF says it will emphasize support for research on analysis and instrumentation techniques in the areas of molecular processes and configuration, chemical dynamics, and enzymes.
than to increase the number of students. The cutback in direct NSF support of graduate students will force more of the students to seek support from research money or loans. Overall, the Federal Government will slash federal traineeships and fellowships in science and engineering to 11,500 in fiscal 1972, compared to 17,300 in fiscal 1971. AEC, for instance, will continue to provide funding only for
Federal funding for R&D posts solid gains for 1972
New organotin cuts PVC stabilizing costs by 15%.
Billions of dollars
Obligations for development
Obligations for research
Obligations for research in colleges and universities i
1966
1967
I
1968
I
1969
1970
1971a
1972a
a Estimate. Source: Federal budget
NSF's institutional support for science, however, will be cut $22.5 million to $12 million in fiscal 1972. Funding of the agency's science development program will be cut to zero in fiscal 1972 from a $20 million level the preceding year. Since 1964, this program has provided more than $200 million to about 100 colleges and universities to help them upgrade their graduate science and engineering programs. About $100 million of this money is yet to be spent, but NSF director William McElroy says it will be spent in about four years. NSF's program for support of science education also is being revamped substantially, and its budget has been slashed by $25 million. Direct student support programs are being cut or phased out. NSF funding of postdoctoral fellowships will be eliminated, and the graduate fellowship and traineeship programs will be cut $8.3 million, to $20 million. The Administration contends that the U.S. has enough Ph.D.-granting science and engineering schools. The aim now is to improve quality rather
existing fellowships and traineeships. The total AEC budget for R&D will dip about 4.5% to $1.25 billion in 1972. AEC spending for chemical research will continue to fall. In fiscal 1971, AEC funding for chemical research totaled $51.6 million; in fiscal 1972 it will drop to $49.0 million. AEC's controlled thermonuclear research program will be cut $409,000 in fiscal 1972 to $28 million. Funding of the Plowshare program (use of nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes), nearly halved to $7.4 million in 1971's budget, will be chopped back still further in fiscal 1972 to about $5 million. On the brighter side, funding for the agency's liquid metal fast-breeder reactor program—a priority item according to an AEC spokesman—will be boosted by about 20%, or some $18 million, to $103 million. Funding for the joint AEC-NASA program aimed at developing a nuclear rocket, however, has been chopped (see page 11). The overall NASA R&D budget will fall again in fiscal 1972, by 4.9% to $3.22 billion. The $612 million authorized
Advastab* TM-181 is a liquid, sulfur-containing organotin that provides better PVC stabilization at lower use levels than conventional tin mercaptides. Result: increased output rates, better static and dynamic stability, better initial color and color retention, easier fusion of powder blends, and lower melt viscosity —all at lower cost. Particularly recommended for such rigid extrusion applications as NSF, DWV, irrigation and gas pipe, electrical conduit, siding and other exterior profiles. Advastab TM-181 is just one example of Cincinnati Milacron tin technology, including many products for organotin flexible urethane foam catalysts, biostats and specialty catalysts. Call or write us for more information. Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals Inc., Reading, Ohio 45215, (513) 554-1554 • New Brunswick, N.J. 08903, (201) 247-2202, (212) 285-9660. Trademark
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FEB. 8, 1971 C&EN 37
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for the Apollo program will be about two thirds of the program'sfiscal1971 budget. The Skylab earth orbital program will gain momentum and money, however, as its budget increases to $535.4 million, $130.2 million more than in fiscal 1971. Meanwhile, the budget for development of a re-usable space shuttle and its engine will grow $20 million, to $100 million. The space agency is gearing up for the Mariner Venus-Mercury flyby mission in 1973 and for the Viking Mars orbiter-lander missions in 1975. The Viking budget will jump from $35.0 million in fiscal 1971 to $180.4 million. About $30 million will be spent on spacecraft definition in fiscal 1972 for the Grand Tour outer planet missions in the late 1970's. Military R&D. Pentagon obligations for R&D in fiscal 1972 will increase about 12.3%, or $909 million, to $8.3 billion. The military's research obligations will grow $153 million to $1.6 billion, and obligations for development will total $6.7 billion, $756 million above fiscal 1971's total. Pentagon support of R&D at colleges and universities will fall $2 million, to $205 million. Total federal obligations for R&D conducted by colleges and universities will jump 14.7%, or $243 million, to $1.9 billion in fiscal 1972. NSF obligations for academic R&D will total $381 million, compared to $253 million in fiscal 1971. HEW obligations for such R&D will total $880 million, $107 million more than infiscal1971. Pollution research. Pollution control and abatement activities funded by the Federal Government in fiscal 1972 will total $3.13 billion, a 71% increase. The Environmental Protection Agency budget for fiscal 1972 will be increased by 91% to nearly $2.5 billion. Support of basic environmental research will increase 50% to $75 million, with NSF getting the largest chunk. EPA is budgeting $17.2 million for research efforts on pesticides, $18.8 million for solid wastes, $8.6 million for radiation, $119.4 million for air pollution, and $137.6 million for water pollution. The Food and Drug Administration— which will soon begin setting up a National Center for Toxicological Research at the Pine Bluff, Ark., biological warfare facility—will have its overall budget boosted $11 million to $95 million infiscal1972. The NIH budget for biomedical research will increase $105 million to $1.28 billion in fiscal 1972. Mr. Nixon's $100 million for an "initiative on cancer" will go to research targeted at virology, basic cell biology, and cancers which may be caused by chemicals in foods and the environment.
What in the world can you do with these Moly chemicals? Molybdenum Tetrachloride Molybdenum Dioxydichloride Molybdenum (III) Acetylacetonate Molybdenum Tetrachloride Dipyridine Molybdenum Oxytrichloride Molybdenum Oxytetrachloride Ammonium 5-MolybdocobaItate (III) Ammonium 6-Molybdocobaltate (III) Ammonium 6-MolybdoaIuminate (III) Ammonium 6-Molybdochromate (III) Ammonium 6-MolybdonickeIate (II) Molybdenyl Bis-Acetylacetonate Molybdenum (VI) Oxalate Ammonium 9-MolybdonickeIate (IV) Ammonium 6-Molybdoferrate (III) 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid 12-Molybdosilicic Acid Sodium 12-Molybdosilicate Molybdenum Trichloride Molybdenum Trichloride Dibenzoate Molybdenum Naphthenate (Type 1)
Here's what we'll do: SAMPLES and DATA to get you started. If you'd like to know the facts on any or all of these molybdenum chemicals, drop us a line. If there's any in the list you'd like to try out, just name it. We'll send you experimental samples for reasonable R & D requests. What in the world do you have to lose? Write or call Will Tschudi, Climax Molybdenum
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38 C&EN FEB. 8, 1971
Photos: C&EN's Kay Rakow
NO X is a no-no
Former Congressman Daddario
International Center's Salam
Panels air international science policy For three days late last month the global challenge of international science policy was probed by U.S. and foreign scientists, engineers, and political leaders. They were attending the annual meeting of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics with its panel on science and technology. Several proposals for new means to deal with international science policy were made although most of the meeting was devoted to discussions of such issues as international cooperation in science, the needs of the developing countries, environmental problems, and arms control. Formation of an International Science Policy Committee was urged by Emilio Q. Daddario, senior vice president of Gulf & Western Precision Engineering Co. The former Congressman says that such a committee would permit formal exchange of views and positions on the pursuit of science and technology with developed nations and their relations with the developing world. The committee might also provide the means through which broader collaborative scientific activities could be formulated. Although Mr. Daddario views a U.S. national science policy as desirable, he says that national science policies may not necessarily be required, much less desirable, for each individual country. Within developed nations it may be more fruitful for groups of nations to formulate a unified policy. A suggestion for a slightly different science policy group came from Dr. Abdus Salam, director of the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. Citing the rising cost of research in the physical sciences, he says that there is an urgent
need to set up a world science policy council. This would be a nongovernmental, small, but authoritative group of active scientists. One of their first tasks would be to make recommendations on worldwide collaboration in certain high-cost, "frontier" physical sciences. Eventually, the group would cover all of pure science. Internationally, legislators also need to become involved in science policy, in the view of Sen. Allister Grosart, chairman, steering committee, Special Committee on Science Policy of the Canadian Senate. Sen. Grosart urges organization of an International Parliamentary Science Association. Such an organization, he says, could make a significant contribution to the great international science problems. Cooperation. The problems of international scientific cooperation are complex and the exchange of scientific information is not always what would be liked, according to Dr. Viktor A. Ambartsumian, president of the International Council of Scientific Unions. The Soviet astrophysicist says that the mechanism for scientific cooperation can be a number of organizations complementing one another but that some mechanism is needed to initiate such organizations. One of the most important areas of cooperation deals with developing countries. Although the rich countries should help developing countries implement their plans, planning should be done by the countries themselves, he cautions. Heavy emphasis was placed on ICSU's nonpolitical role by Dr. Ambartsumian as well as by others attending the meeting. ICSU can consider only the scientific aspects of a
Air-pollution agencies have set stringent regulations for permissible levels of nitrogen oxides. Regulations which you must meet, if your nitric acid plant is to enjoy good community relations. But there's another side to the story. Atmospheric discharge of nitrogen oxides leads to a corrosive plant environment. So, when you reduce these compounds, you can extend the life of in-plant protective coatings. How do you reduce total nitrogen oxides? Simple—install a removal system based on our G-43 Catalyst. With G-43, NO-NO2 can be reduced to levels less than 10 ppm. And these oxides can be converted economically through the use of either natural gas or ammoniasynthesis-loop purge-gas. For more than 11 years* Catalyst G-43 has been proving its value in commercial service. And, properly utilized, its useful life is up to 8 years. All of which means you can receive a rapid pay-out on capital investment, as well as dependable operating characteristics. Call or write the Catalysts Division for Technical Bulletin on Catalyst G-43. Let's clear the air. Catalysts Division, Chemetron Corporation. P. O. Box 337, Louisville, Ky. 40201. Phone: (502) 366-9541. GIRDLER Girdler-Siidchemie Katalysator, GmbH, Munich. Nissan Chemetron Catalysts,
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FEB. 8, 1971 C&EN 39
Sturdy glass bottle comes in a steel container, packed in a rugged shipping carton. Complete with septum stopper.
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problem such as environmental pollution despite political pressures. Better East-West and North-South cooperation and collaboration are needed, some speakers noted. Dr. Harrison Brown, foreign secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, made the point that there are still enormous bureaucratic barriers between the U.S. and Soviet Union against scientific information exchange. Dr. Thomas Odhiambo, director of the International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya, called for more collaboration between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Any scheme of international collaboration in science involves the need of developing countries to participate as partners, says Dr. Salam. Both he and Dr. Odhiambo point to the isolation of scientists in developing countries and their need to participate in international centers of excellence. Isolation is not the only problem in Africa, Dr. Odhiambo notes. There is also an acute dearth of professional, qualified scientists and technologists who can apply existing knowledge to problems relevant to their countries as well as being competent to create novel frontiers of knowledge, he points out. Physical facilities for science are woefully inadequate in Africa. And the "environment is not conducive to scientific endeavor: There is the almost audible feeling that 'Africa should do things and not think things/ " Nevertheless, progress has been made in international scientific cooperation, says Dr. Athelstan Spilhaus 01 the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. In the postWorld War II period, science, he says, was used as a "cover" for international cooperation. Now international cooperation is a question of pragmaPhotos:
tism. "The 'machines' of science are getting so large that no one country can afford them anymore," Dr. Spilhaus says. Developing countries. A strong case for making science and technology a major component of technical assistance to developing countries was made by Dr. Harrison Brown. The geochemist believes that the basic aim of technical assistance should be to help a developing nation select, adapt, and develop technologies (physical, biological, and social) that will help it achieve its social and economic objectives. Dr. Brown endorses the Nixon Administration's plan for channeling technical assistance through an international development institute. Such an institute would accelerate the development process in a number of ways, Dr. Brown points out. It could: • Develop a sound research base for solving critical problems of development which are now being encountered. • Working with appropriate groups overseas, help develop local scientifictechnological competences by forming and strengthening necessary local organizations and by producing needed cadres of trained technical people. • Help developing countries find their local capacities to identify and work on their own research priorities. The U.S. could develop the incentives and means to orient an increasing portion of its total R&D effort to development problems, Dr. Brown adds. Development among third-world countries, however, will put more stress on the biosphere than there is now, according to Dr. Thomas Malone, University of Connecticut.
C&EN's Ray Rakow
And your widest choice in "stereo" catalysts!
We offer a complete line of titanium and vanadium catalysts for olefin polymerization. Liquids and solids, organic soluble and insoluble, various valence states. TITANIUM CATALYSTS Titanium trichloride AA (aluminum reduced and activated) Titanium trichloride H (hydrogefi reduced) Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tris-acetyiacetonate Tetraalkyi titan ates VANADIUM CATALYSTS Vanadium oxychloride Vanadium tetrachloride Vanadium trichloride Vanadium tris-acetylacetonate Tr i-n-buty Ivan adate For other catalyst and co-catalyst requirements we produce many compounds in the following categories: BORATES BPD* DERIVATIVES METAL ALKOXIDES ETHYL SILICATES ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS *benzenephosphorus dichloride To top it off, we are exclusive sales agents for aluminum alkyls manufactured by Texas Alkyls, Inc, And we offer custom synthesis of air-sensitive chemicals. For more information, write to Stauffer Chemical Company, Specialty Chemical Division, 299 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017
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ICSU president Viktor Ambartsumian
Harrison Brown of NAS FEB.
8, 1971 C&EN 41
Three new acrylic latexes are inherently pressure-sensitive. Three water-based acrylic latexes—Hycar® 2600X146; Hycar 2600X161; Hycar 2600X187— are inherently pressure-sensitive polymers with excellent tack, color aging. They have a balance of cohesive and adhesive strength approaching that of solvent-based systems. In addition to the above characteristics, Hycar 2600X146 has higher initial tack -and exceptional color aging. Hycar 2600X161 has excellent resistance to being underridden by water. In one test it retains its original adhesive strength after 24 hour water immersion. This feature is particularly important for floor tile adhesives. Hycar 2600X187, a lower-tack polymer, is designed for some floor tile adhesives and has FDA acceptances for food packaging applications. All three latexes can be used in non-slip rug backing—dirt can be washed off without reducing tack after drying. Unlike solvent-based systems, curing is not necessary. Production is further simplified since latexes involve no fire hazard, no fumes, and no air pollution. If the combination of good pressure-sensitive adhesive qualities, and easier production appeals to you, get the facts. Ask for Service Bulletin LSB-28. B.F.Goodrich Chemical Co*, a division of The B.F.Goodrich Co., ^ ^ Dept. CN-32, 3135 Euclid Ave., BE Goodrich vB.EGoodrich Cleveland, Ohio 44115. ...in pursuit of excellence 42
C&EN FEB. 8, 1971
C&EN: Ray Rakow
your favorite heating mantle for over 30 years
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