The first chapter (6) deals with the determination of meltinz points, boiling points, refractive index, %&a1 rotator; power, and the determination of molecular weights. Chxptcr 7 presents reaction and the charaeterizztion of classes of organic compounds, such as: saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic aromatic alcohols, phenols, enols, carbohydrates, halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, ethers, aldehvdes, ketones, aminis, etc. ' Specific clear direcl tions are given for the preparation of derivatives of each class of compounds. The qualitative snalyfiis of the elements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 stresses the relationships between structure and solubility and Chapter 10 deals with the detection of various characteristic functional groups. Chapter 11 is a general discussion on the preparation of deriva tives of the various classes of oomoounds. Methods for the qualitative andysis of unknown mixtures d organic compounds are discussed in an excellent manner in Chapter 12. The reviewer was particularly impressed by the extensive tables of derivatives and their physical properties in Chapter 13. For &le, -in table 12-11 the author lists the melting points, boiling points, and refractive indexes of the milides, a-naphthaliden, allqhercuric halides, S-alkyl-iso-thiuronium picrates, and the picrates of the 0-naphthyl ether for the aliphatic halogen compounds. The text should be widely accepted by many who offer a course in elementary qualitative analysis and should be included in every library as a reference text. G . VAN ZYL
110~.Co~bear; HOLLAND. M,CIII(I*N
REACTIONS OF ORGANIC ComOUNDs Wilfred l o h n Hickinbottom, Queen Mary College, University of London. Third edition. Longmans, Green & Co., 608 pp. Inc., New Yark, 1957. xi 14.5 X 21.5 cm. $8.75.
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THIS ~ O ~ I I I Z hook I . which appears as a third edition and has had seven reprintings, presents organic reactions of typical groups from a laboratory point of view. The numerous new citations included since the second edition (see J. &EM. E ~ u c . , 25, 405 (1948)), attest to the extensive rewriting. Among the additional material is "the use of new techniques and new reagents for reduction, oxidation, and condensation as well as improvements and modern applications of older methods of synthesis." To bring the hook more into line with the objective of presenting "the facts of organic chemistry in terms of the reactions of typical groups," the material on the identification of organic compounds, with the accompanying tables of physical constants, has been omitted. The hook is again warmly recommended. HENRY GILMAN IOWA STATE
cofinna~
AUEB, I O W A
VOLUME 35, NO. 7, JULY, 1958
CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Carl B Noller, Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University. Second edition. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1957. x 978 pp. 106 figs. 28 tables 1 7 X 24.5 cm. $9.00 THE second edition of Noller is better than the first and the first was excellent. I t is the "best of hreed"in severalrespects: best digested application of molecular orbital theory to reaction mechanisms, particularly in aromatic substitution; best selection of interesting details on industrial processes; best array of ehemical formulas of cmrent interest to ehemists and premedical students (alkaloids, steroids, tranquilhers, el al.); and best i p i of orrnrrI:in 1 h gmir moltvulc.r w t h strurturrz. S1rnfor.l I.niwr.;irv ionr~inra on the quarter system and ~ o l l e r ' shook caters t o this in that many premed students take two quarters rather than three of organic chemistry. Noller considers the arrangement of subject matter rtdmirahle for chemists as well. There are 415 pages on aliphatic compounds, proteins, amino acids, stereoisomerism, and carbohydrates, then 190 pages on aromatic compoundn, 50 pages on heterocyclics, and finally 300 pages on absorption spectra, dyes, rubber, polyfunctional compounds (bath aromatic and aliphatic now), terpenes, steroids, peroxides, organometallics, phosphorus, and silicon compounds. I do not find this arrangement appealing-dienos after aromatic compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids separated distinctly from other pal,yfunctional compounds, etc. To me i t would not he teachable, but that is mostly a judgment based on taste. The second edition is a. revision in truth and not just corrections and additions. Every chapter is rewritten and about 100 pages added to the total. Tho chapter on mechanisms (in the first edition, Chapter 7) is scattered throughout the text because the author feels thst it is now an integral part of the organic course. There is a new feature in the prohlemsduplicate sets of four prohlems of equal difficulty are included so that sections of the same class may have different nssignments. Review questions and problems are separated. Books printed in two sizes of type are suhject to having students interpret the smnller type as less important or unimportant or conversely as hiding some important theory that will make everything else easier. Tho p~esenthook runs this haeard. What gets into fine print is always a matter of choice, and I would argue with the author thst theories might well be put in larger type and some of the details of processes and production he subdued in small type. For example, the di~cussions of esterificittion, pages 166 R., aldol addition, pages 205 ti., metal reductions, page 218, general acidbase theory, page 235, and bonds involving sulfur, page 273, which are excellent, might well he bold-face rather than subdued. Incidentally, the holdface type in this book is not very bold. I t istime that organic chemists adopted Stock nomenclature for inorganic campounds.
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One item that some teachers may consider an omission is the ehemistrv of biological processes. The author rejected this topic to keep the size of the book in reasonable hounds. The size of the hook seems likely to discourage the heginner who is faced with the decision of what he must read and what he may choose to read. For those who think a text may also be a reference book. this one is excellent. LEALLYN B. CL4PP U~rvensm. BROWN Pnovroemcz. RHODEIRL*ND
AND ITS DERIVATIVES, VOLUMES 1 AND 2: OXINE.
R. G. W. Hollinosheod. Butterworths Scientific ~ublications, London, 1954. Part 1: x 322 pp. (10) pp. 16 X 23.5 cm. $8.50. Part 2: v 323(19) pp. 16 X 23.5 cm. $8.50. 616
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OXINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. VOLUMES 3 AND 4: DERIVATIVES OF OXINE.
R. G. W. Hollingsheod. Butterworths Scientific Publications, 617-895 Part 1: v 23.5 cm. Part 2: v +.897-1121 23.5 cm.
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London, 1956. 16 X
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16 X
THE first two volume^ of this series appeared in 1954, the last two in 1956. The author has undertaken a survey of all reported references to mine (8-quinolinol) and its derivatives. After a description of the preparation and properties of onine and a well-written chapter on general analytical uses, Volumes 1 and 2 take up, individually, the chemistry of the metal oxinates. Equilibrium constants and physical propertics of the complex, pH range for precipitation, interference by and separation from other elements, and an extended treatment of methods of determination are given for each metal. These methods are not merely listed or summarized, but given as eomploto and detailed experimental directions. This series is intended to be complete in itself, and the user will rarely need to consult the references cited. Also discussed are determinations of phosphate and silica, and Rmgieidal and bactericidal applications. Useful appendixes list tables of drying temperatures of oxinatet, pH ranges for precipitation and extraction, and ultraviolet absorption maxima. In spite of the noncritical compilation of material and same repetition, Volumes 1 and 2 will he useful to the analyst in providing a single source of analytical uses of oxine. Many difficultly accessible references have been included. Volumes 3 and 4 treat all known derivatives of oxine. The preparation (again, detailed experimental directions), properties, reactions, and complete descriptions of determin'ations are discussed undkr each group of substituents. An interest. ing discussion of structure-stability re 369
lationships is found in Volume 3, and a 150-page addendum brings the references for the series up t o 1956. On the whole, these latter two volumes will be a goad deal less useful. The passion for completeness has resulted in the inclusion of an exoess of superffuous dat.a and unneeded detail. The many references to biologicd a.pplications, for example, seem out of place in a work designed for the analyst. More serious, the noncritical listing of d l reported determinations makes it difficult for the chemist to select the best reagent and optimum conditions far the determination of a given metsl. The usefulness of these two volumes would be increased considerably by a summary of the selectivity of all these derivatives. RICHARD K. HILL
P n r r r c ~ ~ oUsx r v ~ n s m PRINCETON, NEW JERBZT
PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS: CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSRTM Edited by G. E. W. Wostenholme and Elaine C. P. Milar, Ciba Foundation, London. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 224 pp. 14.5 X 21 cm. 1956. xii $6.75.
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INJULY of 1955 the Ciba Foundation sponsored a symposium an paper eleetrophoresis in London. Participating were researchers from various countries. This book includes the papers presented together with the discussions of them by those who attended. Since paper electrophoresis has been applied up t o now primarily in the study of changes in blood proteinn, a considerable portion of the book is devoted t o discussions of these changes. However, W. Grassmann pointed out that paper electrophoresis can be "employed in the entire fields of inorganic and orgenie substances with hoth high and low molecular weights and there is hardly any branch of chemistry in which this method cannot be or hits not been applied successfully." An example of these applications discussed is its use in the separation of some of the degradation products of vitamin BIZ. Of particular interest to chemists will be the discussions of the theory and methods of paper electrophoresis by W. Grassmann, of physicochemical aspects and their rolstionship to the design of apparatus by H. Svensson, of the analysis of separated materials by E. M. Crook and N. H. Martin, and the find chapter by E. L. Durrum on the future of tho technique. Included in the book are excellent illustrations including diagrams of various types of paper electrophoresis apparatus. The very useful hanging-curtain cantinuous paper electrophoresis apparatus is discussed only briefly. This book should prove valuable to the chemist who is using electrophoresis either in research or in teaching. ARTHUR H. LIVERMORE Rseo C o m s o ~ P O ~ T ~ AO NnD~,o o a
QUANTITATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Glen L. Jenkins, Dean, School of Pharmacy, John E. Christian, Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Purdue Uni. versity, and George P. Hager, Smith, Kline &French Laboratories. Fifth edition. McGraw-Hill Bwk Co., Inc., New York, 552 pp. 61 figs. 8 0 1957. xvi tables. 15 X 21 cm. $8.50.
Each important compound is described hy short paragraphs of t e n t and extensive tables of physical constants. Data, such as azeotrape composition, are included for solvents of greatest general utility. This volume is "a. practical source of practical information," both in terms of content and organieation.
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THE fifth edition of "Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry" continues the fine tradition established in the earlier editions. I t hits been brought up-todate with the latest revisions of the United States Pharmscopeia, and the National Formulary. Analytical procedures hsve been revised and the methods of analysis of new drugs recently made official in the U.S.P. and the N.F. have been added. The book serves as a standard reference work for analysts in the drug industry and a t the same time provides basic information for students of pharmacy. Earlier editions have served as textbooks for standard courses in drug analysis. New ohupters on radioactivity and chromatography have been added. New material has also been added on instrumentation analysis. The question and problem lists have been completely revised. This hook will continue to he a standard work for both the classroom and the industrial pharmaceutical laboratory.
HANDBOOK OF SOLVENTS. VOLUME 1: PURE HYDROCARBONS Ibert Mellan, Research Director, Pioneer Laboratories, Inc., Long Island City, New York. Reinhold Publishing Corp.. New 249 pp. 1 6 X 23.5 York, 1957. v cm. $6.50.
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SOURCE BOOK OF INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. VOLUME 2: HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS B e r t Mellon, Research Director, Pioneer
Laboratories, Inc., Long Island City, New Yark. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New 249 pp. 16 X 23.5 York, 1957. v cm. $6.50.
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"PURE Hydrocarbons" means the contents of bottles or drums, as used by industry. Commercial and proprietary names are used; data pertinent to their use by manufacturers rather than researchers are included. Aliphaties are listed on 93 pages, aromatics on 72, and 7 psges of dsta on terpenes are included. The title, "Handbook of Solvents, Volume 1," has been changed to "Source Book of Industrial Solvents, Volume 1" to conform with that of the other volumes of the series. Volume 2 has sections devokd to fluorinated hydrocarbons (72 pages), chlorinated hydrocarbons (121 pages), brominsted hydrocarbons (43 pages), and a brief 7 psges on iodine compounds.
HOW TO DO AN EXPERIMENT Philip Goldstein, Department of Biology, Abraham Lincoln High School, Brooklyn, New York. Harcourt. Brace and Co.. New ~ o r k , 1957. 192 i p . 4 3 figs. 15 X 21.5 cm. $2.60. THEauthor holds the view that the only good way for s. student t o get started on the study of science is by infection. This infection might come from an enthusiastic teacher who will help unfold the story of ". . .the amazing discoveries which scientists have made." Then says Goldstein, I really will come the questions-"Can make a great discovery some day? Can I learn to experiment? Can I do an experiment now?" He goes on to explain that the purpose of his book is to help the student get started by facing up to these questions. The opening section looks carefully a t the chsracteristie general pattern of investigations in science, that is, the scientific method. A careful analysis is made of several interesting cases from history. Part 2 has to do with how information ia obtained, the avenues which may be followed. The best chapter is the one in which the author discusses in some detail the important elements of a planned experiment and then illustrates with several well-chosen examples. Part 3, How to Carry On an Investigation, is the largest and perhaps most helpful section. I t begins with a. visit to a science fair followed by some 20 chapters, each one dealing with a d i K e ~ n taspect of investigation. All of this is done in a very interesting way, with data and reports taken from the work of students and scientists. For example, Chapter 20, Recording the Observations, contains a reproduction of part of an actual student "log" of experiments conducted with onion plants in order to determine the effect on their growth of fertilizer injected directly into the plant. On reading these dsta, one develops the feeling of wanting to "go right out and try it." Tho hook ends with a good chapter an the fundsmentals of statistirs and another containing an excellent bibliography. The publisher states that this book is intended for use in any science course in the junior or senior high school. The style of writing is so simple and logical, and the illustrations so interesting, that it probably is useful in so wide an age range. I t will prove very helpful in the high school science course where student science projects are encouraged.
nlsx SCHOOL
J l C O B SXILKEN
W ~ L N U TI I I L I . ~
CINCINNATI. OHIO
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
