(c)
Customary charges of chemists for similar services.
(d) The magnitude of the matter involved and the benefits resulting t o the client from the service. (e) The character of the employment, whether casual or for an established and constant client. 20. While i t ?sdesirable that chemists engaged in teaching and research should be permitted t o use their special knowledge and skill in direct service t o individual clients, it is prejudicial t o the welfare of the profession for such services t o be rendered a t rates which ignore the ordinary costs of equipment, supplies, and overhead expenses. 21. Havinr- established a fair fee and billed same t o a client, he should oppose any effort of a client t o have such fee reduced without real and sufficient cause. Wherever com~atiblewith self-respect and the right t o receive a reasonable recompense for services rendered, controversies with clients regarding compensation are t o be avoided. There should, however, be no hesitation t o apply to the courts for redress t o prevent injustice, imposition, or fraud.
P h s for Paraday Centenary. I n response t o the invitation of the Royal Institution, representatives of many scientific and technical societies met in the famous lecture theatre in Albemarle Street on Feb. 5th. t o consider the preliminary arrangements for the celebration of the centenary of Faraday's great discovery of electromagnetic induction, which he made on Aug. 28. 1831. Sir Arthur Keith was in the chair, and in opening the proceedings reminded those present that the Royal Institution was not only the scene of Faraday's labors, but i t was also for more than half a century his home. Sir William Bragg, director of the Royal Institution, said that the proposed celebrations had been in mind a long time. andin choosing the particular discovery of August, 1831, they were recalling one of Faraday's most important discoveries, on which rested a vast body of scientific and industrial development. The occasion would give the nation an opportunity of realizing the contributions t o science and industry during the last hundred years. It was unlikely there would be another occasion so favorable, and if made a success, the centenary would encourage the people t o go on with their work and brighten the whole outlook of the natiou. Among the speakers was Sir Ernest Rutherford, who not only approved the suggestions biut also pointed out that in 1931 occurs the centenary of the birth of James Clerk Maxwell, who in a sense was Faraday's interpreter and put into mathematical form the latter's views. Col. K. Edgcumbe, president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Sir John Snell, Sir William Pope, Mr. D. N. Dunlop, Sir John Reith, Col. W. A. Vignoles, and Prof. J. I,. Myres all promised the co6peration of the societies they represented. Prof. Myres made the interesting announcement that the officers of the British Association were prepared t o recommend t o their Council that the centenary meetings of the Association of 1931 should be held in London, and said they would be glad to do everything in their power t o ensure that not only theintellectual descendants of Faraday himself, but also the large public interests which benefited from the applications of those discoveries, should be represented. The meeting approved the appointment of two small committees t o deal with the scientific and industrial sides of the celebration, which Sir William Bragg announced would probably take place in the third week of September, 1931.-Nature (London), 123,251 (Peb. 16, 1929).
