Dec.,
1911
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
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R E C E N T INVENTIONS. Reported by C. L. Parker, Solicitor of Chemiral Patents, Washington. D. C.
PROCESS O F MAKING PENTOXID O F PHOSPHORUS FROM CALCIUM SILICATE. U. S. Patent No. ~~7,086, t o S. Peacock, Chicago, assignor to American Cyanamid Company, New York. A Process of making the Pentoxid of PhosPhorus from PhosPhate rock, O r other Source of cheap Phosphate of lime and silica.
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by R in the accompanying drawings. If there be considerable moisture in the stock, it is subjected t o a temperature of about precipitate as water, and can be '75' F' The moisture drawn off from the bottom of the retort through a n opening, 4. If there is but a small amount of moisture present, the temperature is put up t o 240' t o 250' F. and evaporated. If the temperature rises to 400' or 500' F. before the moisture has been removed, the residuum will foam. After t h e moisture is driven off the temperature is increased to 625' F. for a period of 24, 48, or even 60 hours, according t o the gravity of the residuum. The exact time of subjecting i t t o the temperature of 625' F.
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The accompanying illustration shows a type of furnace suitable for carrying out this process. Mixtures of phosphate of lime and silica or silicious clays are proportioned in accordance with the following reactions: 3A1,0,. 3SiO2.6Ca0.zP,05 = gA1,Ca4.3SiCaO,. zP,O,. 3Si0,Ca3(P0,), = P,06.gCaSi03 3A1,0,Ca3(P0,) = P20,.3CaA1,O, gFe,O,Ca(PO,) = P,0,3CaFe80,. The mixture of phosphate of lime and silica are proportioned in compliance with the reactions suggested, t h e whole is finely pulverized, mixed and passed through and heated in the furnace t o about 1400' C. The phosphorus pentoxid is expelled by volatilization, and is absorbed in water, condensed or used as a n acid upon fresh quantities of phosphate rock. The usefulness of this invention depends upon the production of phosphorus pentoxid free from sulfuric acid, arsenic, antimony, or lower oxids, or phosphorus more or less poisoncus or unsuitable for use in plant foods.
has t o be determined in each by experiment with the residuums of different gravities. After 36 t o 48 hours at this temperature the resultant material in t h e retort is tested by withdrawing a small quantity through a suitable opening, as indicated a t 5 , and checks up a t the same time the same quantity of distillate which has been taken off. When the product has acquired the desired consistency the material is transferred t o a n open vessel, and subjected t o a temperature of about 100' F. less than it was in the still, for 5 t o 20 hours, according t o the product desired. PROCESS OF REFINING OIL. U. S. Patent No. 998,837, to Hubert G. Burrows, of Orcutt, California. This invention relates to the treatment of crude oil containing a large amount of mineral matter in suspension, for example, crude oil which is obtained in Santa Barbara county, California,
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O F ASPHALT.
U. S. Patent No. 998,569,to C. B. Forward, Urbana, Ill. A process for the manufacture of asphalt from petroleum residuum or from crude petroleum from which the lighter oils have been removed. I n handling t h e crude oil, or residuum, in a commercial way for the production of asphalt, t h e patentee first tries out a small quantity, about a gallon, in a n open vessel at a temperature of about 625' F. The point t o be observed is t o keep it below the cooking temperature which destroys the value of the resultant product. The lighter oils can be removed much more rapidly in a n open vessel than in a closed retort or still. The patentee proceeds on a commercial scale in the following manner: The petroleum residuum is placed in a retort indicated
and which is found t o contain mineral matter in the form of infusorial earth, in a state of such fine division t h a t it remains permanently suspended in the oil and cannot be separated therefrom by the usual settling process on account of the viscosity of the oil.
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
Dec.,
1911
The object of the invention is t o provide for effective separation of such mineral matter from the oil. The patentee discovered t h a t by distillation of such oil under proper conditions, finely divided mineral matter will be carried over with the distillate, and, owing t o t h e relatively small viscosity of the distillate, t h e mineral matter can be separated therefrom by the usual settling operation. The accompanying illustration shows apparatus in which the process can be advantageously carried out. METHOD O F REMOVING NICOTIN FROM TOBACCO.
U. S. Patent No. 999,674,to Johannes Sartig, of Nikolassee, near Berlin. This invention consists in a new method of removing nicotin from tobacco while preserving as much as possible the quality of the tobacco as regards aroma and elasticity, and on che other hand, obtaining the nicotin in its undecomposed state from the tobacco. For attaining this effect, i t is necessary t o treat the tobacco a t as low temperature as possible, and t o avoid oxidation of the substances contained therein, so t h a t contamination of the treated tobacco with products of t h e oxidation of the substances and with so-called resinified matters
or without added water vapor and then collecting the desiccated product. The accompanying illustration shows apparatus in which t h e process can be advantageously carried out.
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is rendered impossible, while at the same time the nicotinremoved from the tobacco is recovered in its undecomposed state. The method consists in treating the tobacco or tobacco products in closed vessels, where the air is rarefied, with low pressure steam a t any temperature below ioo0 centigrade, while simultaneously preventing condensation of the steam in the tobacco by heating the closed vessels from without with surrounding liquid, and in conducting the volatilized nicotin with the steam, carrying it away t o devices of any known construction for recovering the nicotin. The accompanying illustration shows apparatus in which the process may be carried out. DESICCATING MILK.
U. S. Patent No. 999,972,to Martin Ekenberg, London.
Assignor to Techno-Chemical' Laboratories, Limited, of London.
It is known t h a t milk can be desiccated in the form of a fine spray injected into a current of heated air. The product so obtained, however, is oxidized, and the operation involves certain difficulties of a technical nature as a result of using great volumes of air for efficient drying. The patentee has discovered t h a t satisfactory results are obtained if the air be replaced b y carbon dioxid or a mixture of carbon dioxid and water vapor. The invention consists in the use of carbon dioxid, wi,h or without water vapor (in case the latter is used, the proportion of carbon dioxid t o the same preferably not exceeding 6 t o I by volume for the desiccation of milk and milk preparations) as by spraying the liquid or passing it in a finely divided form by, or into a heated current of dry or moist carbon dioxid with
APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES. U.S.Patent No. 1,001,449, to J.H. Robertson, New York. Assigned to Universal Ore Reduction Company, of Phoenix, Arizona. 9 This is a method of electrically extracting a metal from a solution containing powdered ore. The continuous circulation of the solution between two conducting surfaces !establishes a n electrical current which causes the pure metal to-be-deposited
