book reviews and the distinction from oxidation potentials is not made clear. The mathematics of the random walk model is never discussed, so of course molecular interpretations of diffusion and viscosity are not attempted. The old moving boundary method of measuring ionic transference numhers is not mentioned. The above listing may give an unduly critical impression. This text runs to almast 800 pages and covers many topics well. Physical chemistry has become such a diverse collection of topics that no single hmk can hope to &overthe field with adequate balance and depth. Every teacher ultimately makes his own selection of hook and topics to fit his own opinions of relative importance. Richard M. Noyes
University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403
ential equations, tensor analysis and relevant electrodynamics. Thus the presentation is an excellent hridee from UDDm level undergraduate rourses in mathematirs and science to the current scientific lirerature. In addition to course use, [his book is recommended to physical chemistry students for gaining additional research breadth and perspective.
..
The high multiplicity of quantum chemistry books now in print makes it difficult to contribute something out of the ordinary in this area. In spite of this, Avery's book is a fresh treatment of the suhject, nicely done and well worth consideration as a primary text for an introductory graduate level course in quantum chemistry. The strength of the presentation is twofold: a) a lively and interesting intedeaving of historical perspective and didactic material on fundamental topics and b) a fundamental treatment of topics in the directions quantum chemistry is currently moving. Historical anecdotes are used effectively to bring to life the opening chapters an the Development oi Mechanics and Wave Equation for Matter. The following chapters cover Hilbert space, angular momentum and the chemical bond, in which the mathematieal formalism of quantum mechanics and the orbital approximation through molecular Hartree-Fock theory are developed. Subsequent chapters deal with translational symmetry, wherein the interface between molecular and solid, state theory is treated using a Huckel treatment of graphite in reciprocal space, vibration and rotation, with the fundamentals linked ultimately into systems with translational symmetry, the interaction of radiation and matter, with a simplified introduction to quantum field theory and creation/annihilatian operators, and lastly ions and ligands. The book concludes with seven appendices, each a compact treatment of a special topic such as projection operators and Lowdin orthogonalization or concise presentations of broader areas such as perturbation theory and group theory. The author has used advanced mathematics and notation and research jargon liberally, but seriously attempts to define and qualify each new term and technique as it is introduced, including partial differA256
/ Journal of Chemical Education
David L. Beweridge
Hunter College olthe City university of New York New York. N. Y. 10021
David L. Beveridge
Hunter College althe City University 01 New York
Quantum Mechanlcs
New York. N. Y. 10021
Donold Ropp, The University i f Texas a t Dallas. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York, 1 9 1 , xiii 638 pp. Figs. and tables. 24 X 16.5 cm. $15.00.
+
Ab InHIo Molecular Orbltal Calculations lor Chemists
W. G. Richards and J. A. Horsley, Oxford University, Oxford University Press, London, 1970. 102 pp. Figs. and tables 15% x 23% em. $4.25 (paperback).
The Quantum Theory ol Atoms, Molecules and Photons
John Avery, University of London. McGraw Hill Book Co. (UK), . Maidenhead, 1972. xv + 377 pages. Figs. and tables. 15% X 24 cm. 5.50.
such is a very valuable addition to the quantum chemistry Literature. An annual or biannual update to this volume would also be very useful.
A Bibliography of Ab Initlo Molecular Wave Functions
W . G. Richards, T. E: H. Walker, and R. K . Hinkley, Oxford University, Oxford University Press, London, 1971. aii + 209 pp. Tables. 15% x 23% cm. $6.50 (paperback).
These two companion volumes deal with methodology and application of molecular orbital theory to the calculation of molecular electronic wavefunctions. In "Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations for Chemists" molecular orbital theory and methodology is concisely reviewed. Chapter headings are Quantum Mechanics, Molecular Orbitals, Self-consistent Fields, Calculation of Matrix Elements, Closed Shell Calculations, Uses of Orbital Energies, Wave Functions for Open Shells, Open Shell SCF Methods, Polyatomic Molecules, Examples of Polyatomic Calculations, The Correlation Energy Problem, and Relationship Between Ab Initio and Semiempirical Calculations. The tert is followed by appendices on Matrix Elements over Slater Determinants and Projected Spin Functions. The presentation focuses quite successfully on the practical side of the computational procedure and those aspects of the theory which arise routinelv in the oreanization and analvsis of molecular urbrtal calculatrunu The level of prew&mun is q u w u ~ t a b l efur ad. v a n e d undergraduate and beginning graduate students. We have recently used this monograph as a supplementary text in an undergraduate quantum chemistry course with quite satisfactory results. The sister volume is a compendium of basic results and references on ab initio molecular orbital calculations for over 300 molecules and molecular ions, including diatomics and both organic and inorganic polyatomies. Each published calculation for each molecule is renresented. Each entrv contains the eeometrv. ,. tvoe of calculation. ralrulnred energy, and a list of rompured properriea. This updates and extends previous compendia such as the widely used List compiled hy Krauss (NBSz483) and as
,.
In the past decade many texts have appeared that explore quantum mechanics for the chemist a t various levels of sophistication. Although they have differed greatly in the level of mathematical formalism and emphasis on particular topics, most teats of this sort have been based primarily on the examination of stationary states of nuclear and electronic systems and their relation to spectroscopic and structural information. This book represents a welcome and much-needed change of viewpoint that is seldom seen in quantum chemistry texts. Dr. Rapp's central figure is the wave packet by which the dynamic problems of chemistry, as well a9 the static, can he explored. Thus the motion of bound and unbound particles under the influence of various potentials, nonstationary states of oscillators, and scattering of ions and molecules are treated in some depth and with considerable clarity. The tert begins with a purely mathematical discussion of wave packets with the aim of showing properties that are completely mathematical in nature as oppcsed to those that are a consequence of quantum mechanical restrictions. This is followed by an introduction to the formulation of quantum mechanics and the examination of simple one-dimensional models. Here the utility of the wave-packet description becomes apparent. The traditional stationary states, energies, and probability distributions are discussed in parallel with an examination of the motion of wave packets as governed by these potentials. The Morse potential receives eonsiderahle attention in this section as does the transmission of wave packets by various potential harriers. The WKB approximation is considered in detail in its application to many problems sucl. as the double potential well and radioactive decay. The next two sections of the text move into three-dimensional problems. Here there is more emphasis on the familiar stationary state problems including perturbation and variation methods, angular momentum, spin, atomic states, diatomic and polyatomic molecules, and the problem of determining the effect of an external perturbation on a system that has two or more unperturbed states. The forced harmonic oscillator is examined in detail as a prelude to consideration of molecular collisions along with charge transfer between gaseous ions and atoms. There is a chapter also on radioactive transitions and essential spectral features. The last part of the text considers elastic and inelastic (Continued on pageA258)
book reviews scattering of rigid spheres, coulomb scattering, excitation by electron impact, ionization, charge-transfer, and the theory of hiomolecular reaction rates. This is not a b w k for the novice. It is mathematically concise and reasonably formal. In this respect it is more typical of a physics quantum mechanics text. The author takes pains, however, to describe and explain important points and as a result, the theoretical and mathematical development is frequently brought hack to the real world. An exposure to quantum meehanin that has greater emphasis on structure and spectra might he more desirable for typical upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in chemistry, a n d many such students are not prepared to begin at this level of sophistication. It would be a mistake, however, to neglect the lead provided by this text. Students who are prepared to handle the mathematics and physics will benefit greatly from the insights provided by the author, and the scope of quantum mechanics will he much more real to him as a result of h a v m ~approached mportant dynamlc prublemc,of interrat tothr chcmmr. 'Jeff C. Davis. Jr. University of South Florida Tampa. Florida 33620
Elements of Quantum Mechanics wlh Chemical Applications
Jean Barriol, Nancy, France. Translated by J. Warren Blaker, Vassar College. Barnes and Noble, Inc., New York, 1971. xvii 377 pp. Figs. and tables. 24 x 17 em. $7.95.
+
Except for their Level of sophistication, most texts in the general category of quantum chemistry rally around similar topics -the formaliim of quantum mechanics, simple models, the hydrogen atom, diatomic molecules, approximation methods, etc. This teat has a decidedly European flavor and may appeal to some in its treatment of these areas. The first part of the text considers the principles of quantum mechanics. The development is somewhat formal from the chemist's point of view and utilizes concepts such as current density and vector notation. Many familiar topics such as potential wells, nondegenerate and degenerate systems, and approximation methods are discussed. Because of the formalism, it is unlikely that newcomers to quantum mechanics will gain a very suitable physical picture, but those with some prior experience may perceive some generalities that are obscured in more elementary accounts. Part two reviews the one-electron approximation of atomic and molecular systems including complex atoms, the diatomic molecule, valenee-bond and molecular orbital approaches, hybridization, the MO method applied to conjugated molecules, and the free-electron model. The third part considers the problem of electron interactions and particularly the selfconsistent field method. Many-electron atoms and molecules are considered. Several mathematical topics are collectA258
/
Journal of C h e m i c a l Education
ed in the appendix so that the physical principles will not be confused by purely mathematical developments. Nevertheless, many students may find the going rough if they have never been exposed to the basic mathematieal and physical conventions employed by the author. For students or courses in which e prior intmduetion to quantum chemistry is assumed, this text may provide an effective bridge between the more qualitative chemical texts and many of the outstanding physies-oriented texts on quantum mechanics. Jeff C . Davis, Jr. University of Sooth Florida Tampa, Florida 33620
The Royal Institution Library of Science
Edited by W. L. Bragg and G. Porter. Halsted Press, New York, 1973. (11 volumes), 5563 pp. $195. It is hard to imagine a college chemistry professor who would not want to own this set. According to the dust jacket, every Friday between October and June, a wellknown authority is invited by the Royal Institution to review his subject hefore a general audience. The talks on chemistry and physics are contained in the present set, under the general heading "Physical Sciences." The dust jacket supplies the misleading subtitle "Applied Science," not found in the book itself, at least on Vols. 9 and 10, the volumes available to this reviewer. Those words replace the word Elsevier on the cover of the bwk itself. Halsted Press, a new division of John Wiley and Sons apparently is the U S . distributor. The dust jacket further states "No attempt has been made to select; all have heen included . ." This I find hard to helieve considering that only three 1932 lectures are given and four in 1935 of the 30 or more, presumably held each year. Were the physical sciences so underrepresented in an institution headed by Davy, Faraday, Tyndall, Sir William Bragg (and his son, the present coeditor), Dewar, Andrade, and the present director, George Porter? Further, we are surprised to find some discourses represented only by abstracts. The p e r i d covered, 1851-1939, spanned the great transition from classical to at least semi-modern chemistry and physics. Williamson, Odling, Frankland, and Crum-Brown present their early ideas on valence and structural organic chemistry; Arrhenius develops the theory of electrolytic dissociation; Freundlich reports on colloids; and Rayleigh tells of the new gas argon. On April 30, 1897, 3. J. Thompson in a discourse on "Cathode Rays" a t the Royal Institution made the first announcement of his discovery of the electron as a body smaller than and a constituent of all atoms. It appears in Val. 5. He had described electric discharges in gases three years earlier. There follow lectures by Kelvin, Lodge, Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Zeeman, Rutherford, Perrin, Saddy, C. T. R. Wilson, Blackett, Aston, Sidgwick (on the shapes of molecules, 1933), Bernal, and Born among others. Some titles are intriguing. According to the series brochure, Mendeleev spoke in
..
1889 on "An Attempt to Apply to Chemistry one of the Principles of Newton's Natural Philosophy." Crwkes' famous "Genesis of the Elements" was delivered in 1887 and two years later Sir William Thomson reported on the Sorting Demon of Maxwell. Tyndall's "Faraday as a Discoverer" is included also. The articles are reproduced exactly as they appeared in the Royal Institution Pmeeedings. Only the pagination has been changed. Thus one suddenly has at one's fingertips the original presentations of some of the mast illustrious contributors to the sciences, papers that often are very hard to locate. The price, however, gives us pause. Few chemistry departments ere likely to obtain the set unless they are embarrassed with riches or are particularly concerned to strengthen their history of chemistry collection. The volumes cost close to $20 each and do not seem even to be available singly. Any one reader is likely to he interested in only a few of the lectures. There is an index volume hut eouallv , useful would have been a parapaph on each authur. At least it would have been ea5ier tu disrowr that the Sir William Hrapg whoaa I: iertures grace the last two volumes is not the same as Sir William Lawrence Bragg, the coeditor. The latter appears twice but only as Professor W. L. Bragg. He was knighted in 1941. Whether the project was a worthwhile expenditure of time and energy and a worthy use of paper is hard to say. Historians of science can locate the originals; how many others will find their way to the present set? Perhaps a few-and some of them may be sparked into new lines of questioning or deeper reflection by contact with a great mind of the past. May it be so.
.
Otto Theodor Benfey Guiltord Coiiege Greensboro. N.C. 27470
Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions
Samuel H. Wile% City University of New York; edited by Ernest L. Eliel, University of Notre Dame. University of Notre Dame Press, Natre Dame, Indiana, 1972. 308 pp. Many tables. 22 X 28 em. $5. This compilation serves as a supplement to the Chapter entitled, "Resolving Agents and Resolutions in Organic Chemistry," in Volume 6 of Topics in Stereochemistry (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1911). The literature was exhaustively surveyed for the 20 years prior to 1971. In addition to information on resolving agents and methods, critically evaluated optical rotation data on over a thousand compounds is included along with extensive bibliographies of literature citations. The above mentioned chapter is also available from the University of Notre Dame Press for $5 postpaid. WFK
