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molecular mass region, as well as the proteins migrating with 10.3-, 38-, 45-, and 148-kDa sizes, is under study. In summary, we have initiated studies to identify TDIadducted biomolecules in the respiratory tract with the long-term goal of characterizing the adducts and determining their possible association with the process of TDI sensitization. It is hoped that such studies will lead to understanding of the mechanism of chemical sensitization to TDI and eventual reduction in the number of cases of human sensitization by this widely used industrial chemical. Acknowledgment. This research was supported by Grant ES 05651 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors thank Miles Chemical Corp. for the isocyanates. The secretarial assistance of MS.Gloria Curtis is gratefully acknowledged. References (1) Stefano, A. D., Saetta, M., Maestrelli, P., Milani, G., Pivirotto, F., Mapp, C. E. and Fabbri, L. M. (1993)Mast cells in the airwaymucoaa and rapid development of occupational asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate. Am. Rev.Respir. Rev. 147, 1005-1009. (2) Karol,M.H.,Dixon,C.,Brady,M.,andAlarie,Y. (1980)Immunologic Sensitizationand pulmonary hypersensitivity by repeated inhalation of aromatic isocyanates. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 53, 260-270.
Jin et al. (3) Karol, M. H. (1983)Concentration-dependent immunologicresponse to toluene diisocyanate(TDI)following inhalation expoeure. Tozicol. Appl. Phrmucol. 68, 229-241. (4) Cartier, A., Grammer, L. C., Ghezzo, H., Lagier, F., Harris, K., and Patterson, R. (1989) Specific serum antibodies against isocyanates: association with occupational asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Zmmunol. 84, 507-514. (5) Hill, B. L., Karol, M. H., and Brown, W. E. (1986)The fate of inhaled W-toluene diisocyanate in sensitized guinea pigs. Toxicologist 6, 59. (6) Kennedy, A., Stock,M. F., Alarie, Y., andBrown, W. E. (1989)Uptake and distribution of I4C during and following inhalation expwure to radioactive toluene diisocyanate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmucol. 100, 280-292. (7) Karol, M. H. (1988) The development of an animal model for TDI asthma. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 23, 571-576. (8)Karol, M. H., Jin, R., and Rubanoff, B. (1989) Clinical and experimental evaluation of isocyanate lung injury. Comments Toxicol. 3, 117-130. (9) Hill, B. L., Karol, M. H., and Brown, W. E. (1986)The fate of inhaled toluene diisocyanate. A site-specific target system. Fed. Proc. 45, 1725. (10) Kennedy, A., and Brown, W. (1992) Isocyanates and lung disease: experimental approaches to molecular mechanisms. Occup. Med.: State of the Art Reu. 7, 301-329. (11) Kochman, S., Lefebvre, S., Bernard, J., Maujean A., Cazabat, A., Lavaud, F., and Manfait, M. (1990) Toluene diisocyanate-induced conformational changes of serum albumin: a study on repeated inhalations in guinea pigs. Toxicol. Lett. SO, 165-171. (12) Czuppon, A. B., Marczynski, B., and Baur, X. (1992) Detection of protein changes in serum of workers following inhalation exposure to toluene diisocyanate vapors. Toxicol. Znd. Health 8,407-413.
Additions and Corrections Three-Dimensional Structures of Neurotoxins and Cardiotoxins [Volume6, Number 4, July/August 1993, pp 385-4061 BERNARD REES'and ALEXANDRINEBILWES
Page 387. Table I should read as follows (the reference numbers in the right-most column were incorrect): Table I. Three-Dimensional Structures Deposited in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank. species
protein
code
resolution (A) ref
snakes
L. semifasciata L. semifasciato L. semifasciato
erabutoxin b erabutoxin a neurotoxin bb N. naja siamensis a-cobratoxin B. multicinctus a-bungarotoxin cardiotoxin Vn4 N. mossambica mossambica D. angusticeps a-dendrotoxin Crotalus atror phospholipase A2 scorpions C. sculpturatus variant-3 Ewing sea anemones Anemonia sulcata ATX Ia Stichodactyla SH I helianthus honey bee melittin structurally related compounds bovine pancreas phospholipase A2 bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor wheat germ agglutinin
3EBX 5EBX lNXB 2CTX 2ABX lCDT
1.4 2.0 1.4 2.4 2.5 2.5
17 16 14 22 21 58
1DTX 1PP2
2.2 2.5
116 104
1SN3
1.8
124
lATX 2SH1
NMR 160 NMR 161
2MLT
2.0
1BP2 4PTI 7WGA
2.1 1.5 2.0
103 113 94
The toxin or protein structures d i e c d in this review, whose atomic coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (182), are given with their PDB code number. Probably identical to erabutoxin b. (I
