Systems." Following this are derivations of the temperature and pressure dependences of fugacity and a description of a method of obtaining fugacity values from compressibility data fnr gases. In order to avoid problems when dealing with non-ideal vapors, the ideal solution is defined in Chapter 9, "Properties of Ideal Solutions," as a solution in which each constituent's partial mold volume is the same as its molar volume a t the same temperature and pressure. The other properties of the ideal solution are then derived. Raoult's law and, ultimately, Henry's law appear as consequences of the above definition of the ideal solution and of ideal behavior by the vapor. Boiling point elevation and osmotic pressure equations are then derived. Freezing point depression is ignored. In dealing with nonideal behavior in both vapor and condensed phase solutions, the author uses the expressions "solutions involving coexisting phases" and "two phase solutions" whieh are very confusing since a solution is a single phase. Actlvity and the activity coefficient are covered in a page and a half. No indication is given as t o how activity may he measured. Chapter 10, "Thermodynamics of Reacting Svstems." heeins with a descriotion of the
through membranes permeable to single species. This is illustrated by an uncaptioned figure to which no reference is made. Extent ~ 1 1 'reaction is used without defining or explaining the symbolism. Tables of AH?, AG? rw iC.-" HH".,..l/T datn are absent and ,-, sources thereof are not mentioned. The discussion of equilibrium is good. Topics covered in Chapter 11, "Thermodynamics of Special Systems,"-"Thermal Radiation" in which the Stefan-Boltzmann equation is derived, but Planek's radiation equation is not. "Fuel Cells" in which electric wrrk and Lhermadynamicpropertiesofcells are discussed, "Surface Effects" in which the IWvin-Helmholtz equation is derived and "Thermodynamics of General Systems"-are lreated in one page plus a table which is an excellent summary of the work possible in simple systems. The treatment of fuels is, a t nine pages, the longest and is quite pracL i d In Chapter 12, "Introduction to Thermodynamics of lrreversihle Processes," the transport equations are stated, followed by I he discussion of weakly coupled flows with application to heat and current in thermorlectric circuits, including the Seebeck, Peltier, and Kelvin e f f e c k "Direct Energy Conversion," the last topic in the chapter, includes an argument for using thermoelectric generation on the hasis of efficiency. Althcmgh the treatment is indeed postulatory, and aside Rom the too frequent use of undefined terms, rigomus, there are genuine reasons tn hesitate to use this book in a graduate or undergraduate class. An exlrrrnely terse treatment such as this one needs the help of illustrations. Yet they are larking in key plaeesas discussed above; only lwci of the figures have captions, figure la~~
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A286 / Journal of Chemical Education
fact, there is but one literature citation in the text. The total absence of references to historically significant papers, data tables, and present day applications is dismaying and would d a c e a ereat burden u ~ o nthe in-
are found only in the examples and problems, the clear majority af which are derivations. momas C. Ehlen Marquene Univmity Milwaukee. W153233
' "Principles of General Thermodynamics," by G. N. HatsopOUlo~and J. H. Keenan. J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.. 1966. Educators Gulde to Free Science Materials. Nineteenth Edition
Edited by Mary H. Saterstrorn, Edueators Proeress Service. Inc.. Randoloh. WI., 1977. Figs. & tables. 21 x 21 Em: rrxix 419pp. $11.95.
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This annual publication lists currently available free films, filmstrips, slides, transparencies, audiotapes, videotapes, scripts, transcriptions, and printed science materials. More than half of the 1658 items are films and a third are printed materials. All items are fully annotated and eross-indexed according to title, subject, source, and availability. There are, in addition, source and availability indices for Australia and Canada. Although the largest source is the federal government, there are hundreds of other sources. such as universities. industrv. .. and state governments. In addition to the annotated lists of materials, there are instructions and suggestions regarding ordering, a philosophical essay entitled "Children Learning Science" by Professor dahn W. Renner, and eight teacher-prepared units of study which show how the materialscan besuccessfully used a t the elementary, junior, and senior high school levels. As might he expected, most of the materials appear to he designed for use a t the elementary and secondary school levels, with perhaps a fourth of the items suitable for college students. It seems to me that elementsryand secondary school libraries definitely should subscribe to this Guide. At the universitv level. lecture demonstrators in
Stanley T. Marcus c o m a University Ithaca. NY 14853
A Laboratory Manual for Schools and Colleges J o h n Creedy, Heinemann Educational Books, lnc., London, 1978. Figs. and tables. 25 X 19 cm. iii 248 pp. $25.00.
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To distinguish this hook from a laboratory manual used by students, the hook might better be called a "laboratory handhook."
structional equipment, animal care, greenhouse management, laboratory solutions, electronics, hand tools, and power tools. Vendors of specific laboratory equipment are also mentioned. Unfortunately, because the author is British, most are in England. The sixty-page chapter on laboratory solutions is the longest in the 248~pagebook. Recipes are included for buffer solutions, indicators, analytical solutions, and often used chemistry, biochemistry, and biology solutiuns. Of the four solutions, this general chemistry instructor recently prepared, only one had a reported recipe. Subjects are discussed a t a hasic level; depth and detail are absent. Specialized chemistry handbooks are not replaced by this reference. Untrained laboratory assistants, skilled technicians, and profe&ional scientists are the author's expected users of this manual. The book would verv heloful for scientists educated in one discipline and working in other disciplines. Scientists educated and working in the same discipline would better use the specialized handbooks from their particular disciplines.
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Bill Nickels Schoolcraft Coliqe Livonia, MI 48152
Using the Metrlc System
Wilma E. Rollins, J. Weston Waleh, Pub., 1978. Figs. & tables. 28X 22.5 cm. 1 69 pp. $3.25.
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This book appears to he written for students who are early teenagers, in high school or younger. There is no scientific emphasis, use of powers of ten, nor use of dimensional nnalv*~;. The txilnlplr< n r p usuall) 01 thr ntmscwnrlfic wriety mrl largely restricwd T I , thv use ,i r,rei~xwfrom mllli- rhroueh - kilw including deka- and heetu-. In the first two chapters, the author presents an interesting history of the earliest measurements followed by the English system nf measurement. The number of problems or exercises included is far more than necessary to justify going to the metric system. There are almost no examples illustrating how these problems are salved. The last four chapters are devoted t o the metric system using approximately the same format as the first two chapters. Unfortunately, the number of errors in these chapters (including the answers to the problems) increased significantly. Little reference is made to the current metric standards. The gram is incorrectly defined as ".. .the mass occupied Ihy 1 cubic centimeter of water." The day is defined as ". . . the length of time for one revolution of the earth around the sun." Cwwersions within the metric system are dnne exclusively by moving the decimal point, completely neglecting the use of powers af ten. When converting between the metric system and the English system, the use of significant figures was for the most part
book reviews ignored. This text does not seem well suited for use where chemical calculations are of interest. Donald D. Marshall Sonoma Slate University Sonoma. CA 95476 Catalyfic Hydrogenation In Organic Synthesis Procedures and Commentary
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This is a succinct, business-like lahoratory handhook dealing with heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenations of organic compounds. The emphasis is experimental and practical, with the subject presented asaseries of tested procedures for different types of hydrogenations. The coverage is selective; the determining factor in including a reaction is its usefulness in exemplifying the class under consideration. There is no attempt made to provide an exhaustivecoverage or to include only recently published material. After an eight-page introductory chapter, which discusses some practical and eeneral aspects of hydrogenation, the book goes directlv of orennic comoounds . ~to the ~reduction ~ ~ ,n~~~~~~ arranged according to the functional group. Dit'ferent chapters take up hydrogenation of acetylenes, olefins, nitroso groups, nitriles, oximes, imines and C=N bonds, aldehydes and ketones, aromatics, and sulfur eompounds. In addition, two chapters cover reductive amination and alkylamination of c:arbonyls. A separate chapter discusses hydrr,genolysis. Each chapter includes some hrief, pertinent comments on general aspects of the reduction type. Systematic attention is devoted to selective hydrogenation of one functinn in the presence of another. No treatment of the catalytic hydrogenatin" of esters or amides appears, presumably hecause alternate methods are oerferred or ~~~~~~~
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organosulfur and selenium compounds completes the new categories. Considerahle selectivity has been exercised in the deletion of material and the author's hope ". ..without detriment to the usefulnessof the honk" Is st~c~c.sifully rralined. T h r prmripal advantages uf the t ~ x t h w k nrr two. Firit, thcrtcrllcnt organizationand ielevtivity pruvidr* w r y rlvar $often outstanding) rxamplr 11, lllustratr not only the principal \ , a l u ~of and limitations 181 the method but also a qualitative comparison with other methods. The approach is very much interpretative rather than exhaustive. Second, the writing style is first-rate, and the text is satisfyingly free of typographical errors. Thus, upper level undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and synthetic chemists will learn more easily and use the wealth of information provided. On the less appealing side, the most recent references (exceot one) are for 1976. Although thrlr H W ~UIIIPI.~US, ihc unfortunntr delay in prmrmg rendrrr thr irxthuuk lecs valuable than i t might he. .An additi~nnlfeature of some concern is the relative scarcity of references to reviews. Moreover, the style of listing references which might have obviated the need for an author index is certainly a shortcoming. It is not possible to start from the reference (or author) and locate the material. While the direction from material to reference (or author) is clearly a major use the reverse is often valuable and desired. Finally, the paperback price is reasonable fnr a textbook, however, the hardcover price is very expensive. Shellon Bank ~
Editor Morris Freifelder, John Wiley & Sons, New Yark, 1978, Figs. & tables. 23% X 16 em. xvi 191 pp. $18.50.
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has been deleted to preserve conciseness, and importantly, the crisp, clear writing has been, if anything, improved. The format, chapter headings, and emphasis are the same as the first edition. Notable major additions include applications of oreanmilicon eamoounds in svnthesis. novel
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S a l e univers,ty of New York at Albany Albany. NY 12222
Transltlon Metal Organometallics in Organic Synthesis. Vol. II genations inti a small, handy r e f e k e work. The hook will be useful to those faced with the task of performing a catalytic hydrogenation or of planning a synthesis involving Walter J. Gensler Boston University Charles River Campus Boston. MA 02215
Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis Editor W Carruthers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978. Figs. & tahles. 22 X 13.5 cm. xi 532 pp. Paperhack 815.95, Hardcover $59.50.
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This is a welcome second edition to the well-written textbook hy Carruthers (1971). New material has heen added, some material A288 / Journal of Chemical Education
Editor Howard Alper, Academic Press, New York, 1978. Figs. &tables. 23.5 X 16 cm. v 188 pp. $19.00.
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Folluwing in the style of Vnlume I of this two-volume work, this short book (163 pp. of text and references) also reads like Annual Reports, hut is more highly illustrated. Unlike Volume I, Volume I1 is relatively free of errors; I detected nnly a few typographical errors, and there is a t least one arrow drawn in the wrong direction. Chapter 1, by Nicholas, Nestle, and Seyferth, deals with the potential utility of transition metal-alkyne complexes and d e ~ rived cluster compounds as reagents in organicsynthesis. I t isvery wellogranized and loaded with information, as are all three chapters. The presentation flows logically fkmi one subject to the next. After. a short discussion of the handing, structure, and
preparation of metal-alkyne complexes, the bulk of the chapter deals with various reactions of alkyne complexes and the synthesis and reactions of alkylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl complexes. Chapter 2, by G. Jaouen, discusses arene complexes in organic synthesis. Much of this section deals with reactions on arene rings as influenced by the chromium tricarbonyl group. Other subjects include stereoehemical consequences of the transition metal camplexation of an arene, and orthometallated arenes. The final section of this chapter deals with catalytic properties of a& comolexes. The chanter hv H. Aloer is the shortest of .~~. .~~~~ ~, ~~~-~ the three hut the most diverse. The author has done 'an admirable job of tying together topics such as oxidation, reduction, addition, eliminatjon, cleavage, and rearrangement processes. A large variety of organotransition metal complexes are included in this chapter. The main discussion in all three chanters
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appeared on a topic appropriate to these chapters, the subject is dismissed and a reference to the review given. On the other hand, references on topicioften go back ten years or a,in order to present a complete picture of the subiect. Publications as recent as earlv I T 8 arc included i n tne rhaprrrs. Thir hwk cwrsinsn wealth 1 4 mfmnstim and should be valuable as a reference book to researchers interested in the field of organometallics in organic synthesis. ~
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Michael F. Farona
me University of Akron Akron. OH 44325
Principles of lnaustrial Chemistry
Chris A. Clausen 111,Guy Mattson, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Somerset, 1978. Figs. & tables. 23 X 16 cm. vii 412 pp. $18.95.
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The authors, who have had industrial as well as academic experience, recognize the need to better prepare students for a career in industry. "Difficulties arise in the application nf principles to specific, practical problems; in a poor understanding of some very hasic engineering concepts, and in a lack nf awareness of what the chemical industry is, how it operates, and how thechemist fits intn the scheme." The authors' purpose in writing this book "is to supplement or complement the traditional training of s chemist in order to help him through the change from the academic to the industrial world." The book is intended as a senior or graduate level course or as a personal reference guide and focuses on the general theme of pmcess development. The individual chapters are devoted to pertinent topics in harmony with this theme. What the chemical industry is and what it does. Basic considerations to envision the process are presented. Material aceauntine- .lindustrinl stoichiomel r ) I shle*rs the o p w a l ~ m(11 the Ian, of r w w r w t i m irf ma% E n ~ r g garrounrms m r h r m ~ w pnlceiwi l drm(m1r~CPsthat the law (('mtinued on page A290)
