Education of Chemists in the U.S.S.R

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

N E W S

Education of Chemists in the U.S.S.R. by I. M. Kolthoff, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis H, Minn. Dr. Kolthoff recently returned from a lecture tour of Moscow and Leningrad made under an agreement between our National Academy of Sciences and the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. At in formal discussions, arranged by col leagues in Moscow, he learned much about chemical education in the U.S.S.R. The following observations and information pertain to general chemical education, analytical chemis try requirements, and operation of one of tlie institutes of the U.S.S.R. Academy. THE U.S.S.R., universities provide I N education toward a degree in chem istry but not in chemical engineering. This is done in institutes of technology. For example, in Moscow the State Lo monosov University with its 25,000 students educates chemists while chemical engineers are educated in the Mendeleev Institute of Technology. Before being admitted to the univer sity a student must pass an entrance examination. I have been told that the mortality in this examination is ex tremely high; in Moscow only one out of about ten students passes this ex amination. A student in chemistrv

ist, Professor I. P. Alimarin, who holds the chair of analytical chemistry and who is also the editor of the Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Zhurnal Analiticheskof Khimii). At the end of the semester the students must pass an ex amination in laboratory performance. The second semester of the second year is devoted to quantitative inorganic analysis, also taught by Professor Ali marin who gives two lectures a week. A total of 160 hours laboratory work is required. Again, at the end of the semester, the student must pass an ex amination. In the second semester of the fourth year, after physical chem istry has been taught, all students are required to take a sixty-hour intro ductory laboratory course in physicochemical methods of analysis, mainly dealing with electrochemical and opti cal methods of analysis and modern methods of separation. Those who ma jor in analytical chemistry take an ex tensive advanced lecture and labora tory course : 60 hours polarography and coulometry, 80 hours potentiometry and conductometry (titrations), 80 hours emission spectroscopy (but no flame spectrometry), 80 hours spectropho tometry and nephelometry, 40 hours luminescent methods of analysis, 40 hours ion-exchange methods, chroma-

earns after five and a half years the degree of "diploma-chemist." Starting in the second semester of the fourth year a student in chemistry is required to get industrial experience and work nine months in laboratories of the chemical industry or as research as sistant in scientific institutions. At the same time he elects a "major field" in which he takes advanced courses. In addition he must carry out research and submit a thesis which must be defended before a special state committee. The required cur riculum for all students in chemistry is tabulated below. The requirements in analytical chemistry for non-majors in this field are very similar to those for a candidate for the B.S. degree in the University of Minnesota and most American colleges, but more time than we require is devoted in the U.S.S.R. to qualitative analysis. Qualitative inor ganic analysis in their universities is taught by the analytical staff and is offered in the first semester of the sec ond year, 2 lectures a week and 180 hours laboratory work. In this course the student is made acquainted with the classical hydrogen sulfide system carried out on a semi-micro scale. In Moscow this course is taught by the well known Russian analytical chem

Curriculum in Chemistry at Lomonosov State University of Moscow Hours spent per week per semester 1st Year

Hours

Total Inorganic C h e m i s t r y 412 Analytical Chemistry 392 Organic C h e m i s t r y 424 Physical C h e m i s t r y 318 Colloid C h e m i s t r y 104 High M o l e c u l a r Weight 48 Substances Chemistry Selected t o p i c s of t h e o 72 retical p h y s i c s a n d molecular s t r u c t u r e Catalysis 36 Crystal C h e m i s t r y 54 Chemical Technology ι 172 Radiometric Methods 64 Physico-chemical M e t h 60 o d s of Analysis Physics 394 Higher M a t h e m a t i c s 448 Courses in t h e field of Specialization 660 Foreign l a n g u a g e 270

Leeture

Laboratory

136 60 86 102 36 48

276 332 338 216 68

2nd Year

1. Sem. (18 weeks)

2. Sem. (16 w.)

14

10

3rd Year

3. Sem. (18 w.)

4. Sem. (16 w.)

5. Sem. (18 w.)

12

11 3

12

72

36 20 72 16

j

4th Year

5th Year

6. 7. 8. 9. Sem. Sem. Sem. Sem. (16 (18 40 w.) 'w.) weeks

10 3 2 3

6th Year

10. 11. Sem. Sem. (16 (18 w.) w.)

15 4 Industrial Practice

4

Diploma Research

2 34 100 48 60

186 242

208 206

312

348

3 6

4

4 3*

9

6 6

8 4

3 4

4

4

4

4

4 3

3

12* * Evening classes

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tography and extraction analysis, 100 hours micro qualitative and quantitative analysis, 40 hours gas analysis, 80 hours analytical control methods in industry, and 60 hours analysis of rare elements. The experimental work in these specialized topics is carried out in a number of well equipped laboratories. M y impression is t h a t a "diploma chemist" has satisfied requirements slightly above those for our Master of Science (with thesis). A "diploma chemist" accepts a position in industry or becomes a teacher in a high school or a research worker in the University or in an Institute of the Academy, or continues advanced work toward the "candidate" degree. I t m a y be added t h a t most high school teachers receive their education in special paedagogical institutes (teachers colleges) not connected with universities. I have been assured by colleagues in Moscow t h a t these institutes provide education on a high level. After the stiff entrance examination it is not surprising t h a t mortality among the students for the title of ''diploma-chemist" is small—less t h a n 10%. The University of Moscow has a total of 300 students in chemistry about 250 of whom are U.S.S.R. citizens and 50 foreigners. About 70% of the students are women. Approximately 2 5 % of the "diploma chemists" continue advanced studies leading to the degree of "candidate." The student elects a major. H e takes a course in philosophy (Marxism), one or two courses in foreign languages and also in his major; the rest of the time is devoted to research for his thesis. T h e normal time to finish all requirements is three years. These requirements are comparable to those for our Ph.D.'s.

The degree of "candidate" is conferred by a special unit attached to the Minist r y of Higher Education after an examination at which the student must defend his thesis before a special board of examiners and officially appointed opponents. Only few chemists have a degree of "Doctor of Science." This title is earned by the publication of a considerable number of papers of high quality. I t takes at least five years before a "candidate" can earn the doctor's degree and usually much longer. The published work is submitted in the form of a thesis to a specially a p pointed board of examiners and, when accepted, defended orally before a large group of specialists composed of professors and members of Institutes of the Academy. Only chemists with the doctor's degree can become full professors ; "candidates" can become "docents" (dotsents) b u t not professors. Academician Spitsyn told me t h a t there are only about 500 "doctors" (in chemistry) in the U.S.S.R., several of whom had earned this degree twenty years after they had become "candidate." I n the University of Moscow the analytical department has three professors and 7 docents, several of whom are women. A docent spends about 15 hours a week in teaching and the rest in research. In Moscow a few teaching assistants have the degree of "candidate," while the rest are "diploma chemists." These assistants have teaching duties of 20 hours a week b u t do not give class room instruction. In the University of Leningrad I was told t h a t all teaching assistants in chemistry have the degree of "candidate." M a n y "candidates" also carry out research in the university without teaching duties. This research is often

supported by industry. These "candi dates" earn a salary of the order of 200 rubles a month (1 ruble = $1.10). Several of the professors in the Uni versity of Moscow also have prominent position in Institutes of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and thus draw double salary. The salary of a univer sity professor is on the order of 6000 rubles a year. Academician A. N.Frumkin holds the chair of electrochemistry in the University of Moscow but is also the director of the Institute of Electro chemistry in the U.S.S.R. Academy. Professor Alimarin holds the chair of analytical chemistry in the University of Moscow and is in charge of analyti cal research in the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry. Academician Spitsyn holds the chair of inorganic chemistry in the University of Moscow and is director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy. His de partment in the University has four divisions: rare elements, techniques for investigation of salt equilibria, complex compounds (coordination chemistry) and structure of inorganic compounds (mainly by x-ray diffraction). All universities are financed by the government. A university submits its requested budget to the State Ministry of Higher Education which makes its recommendation to the Ministry of Finances. It may be of interest to conclude this sketchy account with a few words on the work in an institute of the Academy. The Institute of Physical Chemistry, where I have visited most of the laboratories, may be taken as an example. This institute has a budget of two and a half million rubles. It has a staff of 1000 people composed of 500 junior and senior research workers, 110 "candidates" and 25 "doctors of sci ence." The rest of the staff work mainly as technicians. Excellent facili ties for glass blowing and shop work are available. This institute has a large number of departments specializ ing in surface forces, structure of sur face layers, adsorption, monolayers, polymers (mainly surface characteris tics; another institute is devoted to various aspects of polymerization), cor rosion of metals, electrodeposition, chromatography, and radiation chem istry (mainly effect of radiation of solids on their adsorptive and catalytic properties and on their thermal be havior). The government can request the institute to concentrate on specific topics. Altogether I found the labora tories in the University of Moscow and in institutes well equipped (practically all apparatus is made in the U.S.S.R.) and I heard no complaints of space problems.

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The complete program for the National ACS Meeting to be held in Los Angeles, Calif., March 31 to April 5, appears in Chemical and Engineering News, February 25 issue. The Division of Analytical Chemistry will hold ses sions at the Embassy Auditorium, South Grand Ave. at Ninth St. Sessions will consist of a Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Symposium (joint with the Division of Physical Chemistry), a Fisher Award Symposium, Sym posium on New Instrumental Methods and Techniques, Symposium on Thermal Methods, Symposium on Op erational Amplifiers, and General Papers. Over 100 sci entific papers will be presented. David Hume, Fisher Award Winner, will present an address, "The Analysis of a Profession," on Tuesday morning. Donald DeFord will discuss "The Current Crisis in Education in Analytical Chemistry," Tuesday after noon. This will be followed by an open discussion on this subject. Of special interest is a session to meet Monday afternoon, "Current Research in Analytical Chemistry," a program in recognition of the 25th Anniversary of the Student Affiliates of the ACS. Professor F. L. Lambert, Occidental College, over-all faculty advisor for the stu dent affiliates in the Los Angeles area, has helped arrange for selected students to participate by reporting on their undergraduate work. This will be followed by informal discussions on various topics led by prominent chemists. Among the participants and their specialties are: W. H. Reinmuth, Columbia University, electro-analytical chemistry; W. D. Cook, Cornell University, gas chroma tography; J. K. Taylor, NBS, high-precision measure ments; John Mitchell, Jr., DuPont, industrial research; H. V. Malmstadt, University of Illinois, design and de velopment of instruments. Other well-known analytical chemists will be on hand to spark the discussions.

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9:00 Introductory Remarks. D . M . H e r c u l e s . 9:05 Fluorescence of Mono- and Diprotonated 1,10-Phenanthroline in Aqueous Solution. W . W. B r a n d t and Β . Ε . Jones, Kansas State University, M a n h a t t a n , Kan., and M . E . Langmuir, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 9:25 Phosphorescence of o-Phenanthroline and Related

ANALYTICAL PROGRAM Nitrogen Heterocycles. J. S. Brinen and R. C. Hirt, American Cyanamid Co., Stamford, Conn., and D . D . Rosebrook, Kansas State University, Manhattan, K a n . 9:45 Spectral Characteristics of Fluorescent Chelates. Robert Argauer and C. E . White, University of Maryland, College Park, M d . 10:00 Solvent Effects on the Fluorescence of Aminonaphthols and Related Compounds. D . W . Ellis, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N . H., and L. B. Rogers, Purdue Univer sity, Lafayette, Ind. 10:20 Discussion. 10:40 Organic Molecules and Optical Masers. M . W . W i n d s o r , Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., One Space Park, Redondo Beach, Calif. 11:00 Studies on the Fluorescence of 9-Anthranol. J . P . P a r i s , Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pa., and D . M. Hercules, D u P o n t Experimental Station, Wilmington 98, Del. 11:20 Total Luminescence of Organic Molecules of P e t r o chemical Interest. S. P . McGlynn, B. T . Neely, and C. Neely, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 3, La. 11:40 Discussion.

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M o n d a y A f t e r n o o n , April 1 SECTION A FLUORESCENCE A N D PHOSPHORESCENCE SYMPOSIUM (Joint with Division of Physical Chemistry) J . P. Paris, Presiding

2:00 Introductory Remarks. J . P . P a r i s . 2:05 Double Beam Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Wilbur Kaye, Beckman Instruments, Inc., 2500 Harbor Blvd., Fullerton, Calif. 2:25 Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Spectrophotofluorometric Methods for the Determination of Malonaldehyde. Eugene Sawicki, T . W. Stanley, and Henry Johnson, Robert A. Taft Engineering Center, Cincinnati 26, Ohio. 2:45 Photoreduction of Carbonyl Compounds. I. Fluorescent Intermediates of Quinones. J. D . Gorsuch, J. P . Paris, and D. M. Hercules, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pa. 3:00 Fluorescent Ion Exchange Resins. A. I I . Heimbuch, Harry Gee, and Howard Bould, Tracerlab, Div. of Laboratory for Electronics, Richmond, Calif. 3:20 Discussion. 3:40 Mechanisms of Fluorescence Quenching. Albert Weller, Scheikundig Laboratorium der Vrije Universiteit, De Lairesseslraat 174, Amsterdam-Z, Holland, and Horst Leonhardt, and Manfred Gurr. 4:00 A Study of the Triplet States of Some Aromatic H y d r o carbons. R. M. Hochstrasser and S. K. Lower, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B. C , Canada. 4:20 On the Origin of the Phosphorescence Radiation in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. M . A. El-Sayed, University of California, Los Angeles 24, Calif. 4:40 Discussion. SECTION Β CURRENT RESEARCH IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (Informal Discussion in Recognition of the 25th Anniversary of the Student Affiliates) See page 44 A

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T u e s d a y M o r n i n g , April 2 SECTION A FISHER A W A R D SYMPOSIUM H O N O R I N G PROFESSOR DAVID N. HUME K. W . Gardiner, Presiding

9:00 Introductory Remarks. K . W . G a r d i n e r . 9:05 Polarographic and Chronopotentiometric Behavior of Orthophthalic Acid in Acidic Solutions. R. P . Buck, Bell & Howell Research Center, 360 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, Calif. 9:35 Qualitative Gas Chromatographic Analysis. Charles Merritt, Jr., U. S. Army Quartermaster Research and Engi neering Center, Natick, Mass. 10:05 Discussion.

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ANALYTICAL PROGRAM 10:20 The Separation and Quantitative Analysis of Brominated Salicylanilides Using an Automated Anion-Exchange Proce dure with UV-Column Monitoring. H. J. Keily, A. L. Garcia, and R. N. Peterson, Lever Brothers Research Center, 45 River Rd., Edgewater, N . J. 10:50 Introduction of D. N. Hume. I. M. Kolthoff and H . A. Laitinen. 11:05 Fisher Award Address—The Analysis of a Profession. D. N. Hume, M I T , Cambridge 39, Mass.

T u e s d a y A f t e r n o o n , April 2 SECTION A FISHER AWARD SYMPOSIUM H O N O R I N G PROFESSOR DAVID N. HUME K. W . Gardiner, Presiding

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2:00 Introductory Remarks. K . W . G a r d i n e r . 2:05 Column Fracional Precipitation. W. W. Schulz and W. C. Purdy, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. 2:35 The Analytical Chemist in the Aerospace Industry. E . A. Burns, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., One Space Park, Redondo Beach, Calif. 3:05 Discussion. 3:20 The Application of Cyclic Voltammetry and Polarography to a Study of the Reduction Paths of Several Tertiary Aliphatic Nitro Compounds. D. L. Maricle, W. H. Jura, A. K . Hoffman, and W. G. Hodgson, American Cyanamid Co., Stam ford, Conn. 3:50 The Current Crisis in Education in Analytical Chemis try. D. D. DeFord, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. 4:20 Open Discussion of Current Crisis in Analytical Chem istry.

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Circle No. 198 on Readers' Service Card ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

9:00 Determination of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen in Metals by Inert Gas Fusion. B. D . Holt and Η. Τ . Goodspeed, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 111. 9:15 A Simple Method for the Microdetermination of Boron, Either Alone or Simultaneously with Nitrogen and/or Phos phorus, in Organoboranes. R. C. Rittner and Robert Culmo, Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., New Haven 4, Conn. 9:30 The Acidity of Tetraphosphoric Acid. J. I. Watters, P. E . Sturrock, and R. E . Simonaitis, McPherson Chemical Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. 9:45—The Formation of Lead Chloride Fluoride at Lower pH Values for Gravimetric Purposes. R. A. Bournique, Mar quette University, Milwaukee 3, Wis., and L. H. Dahmer, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 10:00 An Approach to the Standardization of pH Measure ments in Alcohol-Water Solvents. R. G. Bates, Maya Paabo, and R. A. Robinson, National Bureau of Standards, Washing ton 25, D. C. 10:15 Anion Exchange Separation of Magnesium and Calcium with Alcohol-Nitric Acid. J. S. Fritz and Hirohiko Waki, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 10:30 Separation of Technetium from Mixed Fission Products by Solvent Extraction with Tributyl Phosphate. M. H . Campbell, General Electric Co., Richland, Wash. 10:45 A Redetermination of the Half-Life of Uranium-232. J. M. Chilton, R. A. Gilbert, R. E . Leuze, and W. S. Lyon, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 11:00 Rapid Radiochemical Separations and Activation Analy sis of Rare Earth Elements. K. Rengan and W. W. Meinke, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 11:15 Activation Analysis for Sodium in the Sodium Tungsten Bronzes. R. J. Reuland and A. F . Voigt, Iowa State Uni versity, Ames, Iowa. 11:30 The Radiochemical Determination of Cesium-137 in Soils Using Ammonium Phosphomolybdate and Sodium Tetraphenylboron. W. R. Collins, Jr., D . C. Sutton, and M. J . Solazzi, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, 376 Hudson St., New York 14, Ν. Υ. 11:45 A Selective Spectrophotometric Method for the Deter mination of p-Aminophenol. G. G. Guilbault, U. S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.

ANALYTICAL PROGRAM

THE HEAT'S

W e d n e s d a y M o r n i n g , April 3 SECTION A SYMPOSIUM O N NEW INSTRUMENTAL METHODS A N D TECHNIQUES W . J. Blaedel, Presiding

9:00 Introductory Remarks. W. J. Blaedel. 9:05 Push-Button Analyses. H. V. Malmstadt, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 9:50 An Automatic Reaction-Rate Method for Ultramicro Determination of Iodine in Various Materials. T. P . Hadjiioannou, University of Illinois, Chicago 12, 111. 10:10 Thermal Analysis—New Methods from a Classic Tech nique. D . R. Johnson and Jen Chiu, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington 98, Del. 10:30 A New Automatic End Point Detector for Constant Current Coulometric Titrations. C. B. Roberts, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. 10:50 Analytical Applications of ^-Excited X-Rays. R. H. Millier, Muller-Monroe Designs, Inc., LaFonda Hotel, Santa Fe, Ν. Μ. 11:10 Automation of Analytical Procedures Based on Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions. G. P. Hicks, University Hospitals, Madison 6, Wis., and W. J. Blaedel, University of Wisconsin, Madison 6, Wis.

ON

W e d n e s d a y M o r n i n g , April 4 SECTION Β GENERAL PAPERS J . D. Johnson, Presiding

9:00 Gas Chromatography with Mixed Bed Packing. C. N . Reilley, G. P . Hildebrand, L. J. Papa, and W. E . Norteman, Jr., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N . C. 9:20 Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Lead Alkyls with Electron Affinity Detectors. E. M. Barrall and Peter Ballinger, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif. 9:40 Temperature Programmed Columns in Gas Chromatog raphy. Comparison of Packed and Capillary Columns for the Analysis of Dilute Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures. D. J. McEwen, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Mich. 10:00 Determination of Residual Monomer in Polymer Emul sions by Rapid Distillation and Gas Chromatography. O. Tweet and W. K. Miller, S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, Wis. 10:15 Computer Optimization of Mixed Liquid Phases for Gas Chromatography. R. S. Porter, R. L. Hinkins, Leonard Tornheim, and J. F . Johnson, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif. 10:30 A Rapid Method for Nitrogen Analysis in Organic Compounds and Associated Materials by Gas Chromatog raphy. M. L. Parsons, S. N . Pennington, and J. M . Walker, Kansas State College of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Kan. 10:40 Gas Analysis by Geiger Pulse Attenuation. A. F . Findeis and F . W. Williams, University of Alabama, Univer sity, Ala. 10:55 Analysis of Tars and Pyrolysates by Gas Chromatog raphy Programmed at Moderate Temperatures. W. Lijinsky, 1. I. Domsky, and Gloria Mason, Chicago Medical School, Chicago 12, 111. 11:10 Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Helium at Reduced Pressures. J. E . Attrill, C. M. Boyd, and A. S. Meyer, Jr., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 11:30 Divisional Business Meeting.

anything

up to 350° Centigrade

SECTION Β GENERAL PAPERS H. B. Mark, Jr., Presiding

2:00 Electrochemical Determination of Glucose Oxidase Using Diphenylamine Sulfonic Acid as a Potential Poiser. G. G. Guilbault, B. C. Tyson, Jr., D . N . Kramer, and P . L. Cannon, Jr., U. S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. 2:20 Base-Catalyzed Acetylation of Hydroxyl Groups:

a

TECAM® FLUIDISED BATH (patents applied for) Has the advantages of ready access t o contents, high rate of heat transfer and uniformity of temperature w i t h o u t the mess, smell and fire risk of hot o i l . It is an ideal method of testing plastics, elastomers and electrical components because the fluidised sand is neither a solvent nor a conductor. It is a convenient way of rapidly drying samples of fabric, wood and paper. A t higher temperatures it is an excellent tempering and heat ageing bath for metals. The T E C A M « bath will run continuously at 350°C (662°F) from an air supply of 3 p.s.i. obtainable from an air line or from a small vane-type air blower driven by a \ H.P. m o t o r . The pneumatic temperature controller automatically selects one or both of the I k.W. heaters t o give optimum performance at the temperature selected on the drum dial. The unit incorporates a fail-safe device.

W r i t e for p a r t i c u l a r s Wednesday Afternoon, April 3

with

to:-

TECHNE BRUNSWICK Telephone:

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PIKE, P R I N C E T O N ,

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VOL 35, NO. 3, MARCH 1963

·

47 A

ANALYTICAL PROGRAM

Kktt . . . Photometers Klett-£u.nt*n&ii&*t pUoioeUcttic QUA*. Call Calaii*fteiel

No. 900-3

*7a»uUe>i

Methods and Mechanisms. G. H. Schenk and Patricia Wines, Wayne State University, Detroit 2, Mich. 2:35 Leucofluorescent Substances as Substrates for Enzy matic Analytical Methods. A. S. Keston, Choong H. Woo, and Richard Brandt, The Institute for Medical Research and Studies, 254 West 31st St., New York 1, Ν. Υ. 2:45 The Burning of Large Samples Using the Flowing Oxygen Combustion in a Bottle Technique. L. L. Farley and R. A. Winkler, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif. 2:55 The Determination of Primary Alcohol Groups in Polyglycols Using Trityl Chloride. J. G. Hendrickson, Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Texas. 3:10 Elution Properties of Organic Substances in SolutionAdsorption Chromatography. H. D. Frame, H. H. Strain, Daniel Steffenson, and Cheryl Rofer, Argonne National Lab., Argonne, 111. 3:25 Kinetic Analysis of Binary Mixtures by the Method of Proportional Equations; Case Where 2 [Reactants] > > [Reagent]. H. B. Mark, Jr., California Institute of Tech nology, Pasadena, Calif., and L. J. Papa, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Deepwater Point, N. J. 3:40 A Micro Method for Measuring Lipid Tolerance. L. M. Bergquist and R. L. Searcy, Los Angeles County General Hospital, Los Angeles 33, Calif. 3:50 Characterization of Alkyl and Aryl Halogen Compounds by 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of Aldehydes Formed from Reaction of Their Grignard Reagents with Dimethylformamide. J. G. Sharefkin and Alex Forschim, Brooklyn College of the City University, Brooklyn 10, Ν. Υ. 4:05 A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra-Structure Cor relation for Chlorinated Propanes. H. F . White, Union Carbide Chemicals Co., South Charleston, W. Va. 4:20 Characterization of Aromatic Iodine Compounds by Formation of Polyvalent Iodine Derivatives with Peracetic Acid. J. G. Sharefkin and Harold Saltzman, Brooklyn College of City University, Brooklyn 10, Ν . Υ. 4:35 Method for Determining Carboxyl Content of Insoluble Carbonaceous Materials. J. I. Fester and W. E. Robinson, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Laramie, Wyo. 4:50 Evaluation of the Automatic Analysis of Urea in Biologic Fluids. R. L. Searcy and J. A. Foreman. Los Angeles County General Hospital, Los Angeles 33, Calif.

T h u r s d a y M o r n i n g , April 4 SECTION A SYMPOSIUM O N THERMAL METHODS P. D. Garn, Presiding

No. 2070

Designed for the rapid and accurate determina tion of thiamin, riboflavin, and other substances which fluoresce in solution. The sensitivity and stability are such that it has been found particularly useful in determining very small amounts of these substances.

=KLETT SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETERS · BIO-COLORIMETERS GLASS ABSORPTION CELLS · COLORIMETER NEPHELOMETERS · GLASS STANDARDS · KLETT REAGENTS

9:00 Review of Thermal Analysis. P . D. Gain, Bell Tele phone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N. J. 10:00 Introductory Remarks. P. D . Garn. 10:10 Differential Thermal Analysis of Crude Oil Oxidation. D. W. Peacock, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla. 10:30 Approximate Heats of Explosion Using Differential Thermal Analysis. R. L. Bohon, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., St. Paul 1, Minn. 10:50 Simultaneous Thermal Analysis Using the Open Pan Type of Sample Holder. H. G. McAdie, Ontario Research Foundation, Toronto 5, Ont., Canada. 11:10 Kinetics of the Thermal Dehydration of Hydrous Sili cates. J. B. Holt, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, Calif., I. B. Cutler and M. E. Wadsworth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 11:30 Discussion

Thursday Afternoon, April 4 SECTION A SYMPOSIUM O N THERMAL METHODS P. D. Garn, Presiding

Klett

Manufacturing Co., Inc.

179 EAST 87TH STREET, NEW YORK, Ν. Υ. Circle No. 52 on Readers' Service Card 48 A

·


2:00 Dynamic Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. A New Thermal Technique. W. W. Wendlandt, Texas Technological College, Lubbock, Texas. 2:20 New Studies on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate: A Guide to the Interpretation of Thermogravimetric Measure ments. E . L. Simons and A. E. Newkirk, General Electric Research Laboratory, Schenectady, Ν. Υ. 2:40 Differential Thermal Analysis Apparatus. Ε . Μ . Barrail, J. F. Gernert, R. S. Porter, and J. F. Johnson, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif.

ANALYTICAL PROGRAM 2:55 Discussion. 3:15 Detection of Organic Polymer Transitions by Differ ential Thermoanalytical Techniques. A. W. Hay, Celanese Corporation of America, Summit, N . J. 3:35 Glass Transitions in Polypropylene. D . L. Beck, A. A. Hiltz, and J. R. Knox, AviSun Corp., Marcus Hook, Pa. 3:55 Investigation of Comonomer Distribution in EthyleneAcrylate Copolymers with Thermal Methods. K. J. Bombaugh, C. E. Cook, and B. H. Clampitt, Spencer Chemical Co., Merriam, Kan. 4:15 Discussion.

FACTORIES

LABORATORIES HOSPITALS EXPERIMENT

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-150°C

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+150'

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STATIONS

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-I 1 5 0 C

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T h u r s d a y M o r n i n g , April 4 SECTION Β

60°C

GENERAL PAPERS A. J. Frank, Presiding

9:00 Polarography of 2-Aminoethanethiosulfuric Acid and 2-Aminoethaneselenosulfuric Acid. Walter Stricks and R. G. Mueller, Marquette University, Milwaukee 3, Wis. 9:10 Determination of Reactant Adsorption and Oxide Film Reduction at Platinum Electrodes by Integration of SingleSweep Oscillopolarograms. R. A. Osteryoung, George Lauer, and F . C. Anson, North American Aviation Science Center, Canoga Park, Calif. 9:25 The Pyrolytic Carbon Electrode: A New Electrode for Electroanalytical Studies. A. L. Beilby and Walter Brooks, Jr., Pomona College, Claremont, Calif. 9:45 Polarographic Determination of Certain Medicinal Compounds Containing Dichloroacetamido Groups. C. A. Kelly and M. E. Auerbach, Sterling-Winthrop Research In stitute, Rensselaer, Ν. Υ. 10:05 Heterogeneous Reaction Rate Constants and Transfer Coefficients for Nitrobenzenes at Elevated Temperatures. Thomas DeVries and J. T. Burr, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 10:25 An Automated Polarographic Analyzer for Continuous Analysis. R. A. Hagstrom and A. F . Krivis, Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., New Haven 4, Conn. 10:40 Effect of Adsorption and Electrode Oxidation on the Oxidation of Oxalic Acid at Platinum Electrodes. F . A. Schultz and F . C. Anson, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 10:55 Ligand Bridging in the Oxidation of Chromium(II) at Mercury Electrodes. J. G. Jones and F . C. Anson, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 11:10 Use of Pyrolytic Graphite Indicating Electrode in Voltammetry. F . J. Miller and Η. Ε. Zittel, Oak Ridge Na tional Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 11:25 Alternating Current Polarography of Electrode Proc esses with Coupled Homogeneous Chemical Reactions. D . E. Smith, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111.

Thursday Afternoon, April 4 SECTION Β GENERAL PAPERS A. J. Frank, Presiding

2:00 Electrochemical Analyzers for Air Pollution and En vironmental Monitoring. G. A. Rost and D . J. Swartz, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, Calif. 2:15 Galvanic Determination of Carbon Dioxide. P . A. Hersch and C. J. Sambucetti, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, Calif. 2:30 Coulometric Determination of Bromine Numbers. A Constant-Current Potentiometric End Point System. Fred erick Baumann and D. D . Gilbert, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif. 2:45 The Conductometric Titration of Metal Naphthenates. M. C. Mohrhoff and G. E . F . Brewer, Marygrove College, Detroit 21, Mich. 3:00 Chronopotentiometric Determination of Hammet Sub stituent Constants Using Substituted Phenylferrocenes. J. D. Johnson, W. F . Little, C. N . Reilley, and A. P . Sanders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. 3:15 Properties of Tubular Platinum Electrodes Applied to Continuous Analysis. W. J. Blaedel and Carter Olson, Univer sity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 3:30 Controlled Potential Coulometry of Metals in Fused Lithium Chloride-Potassium Chloride Eutectic. R. D . Caton,

MODEL "F"

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE CIRCULATOR The ideal circulating thermostat for today's crowded laboratories is the Haake Model " F " . Due to its light weight and compact design it can easily be moved around and occupies a minimum of space. It is ideal for any type of instrumentation or for ambu latory use with clinical appliances which require tem perature control. Some typical applications include such liquid jacketed instruments as spectrophotom eters, refractometers, viscometers and blood pH equip ment. Accuracy to ± 0 . 0 1 ° C . Pumps 2'/2 gal/min. Available with or without suction pump. All models are equipped with a cooling coil for control below ambient temperature and may be used at tempera tures to —60°c in conjunction with a heat exchanger.

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VOL. 35, NO. 3, MARCH 1963

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49 A

ANALYTICAL

now available -

NMR ANALYTICAL SERVICE

•

PROGRAM

Jr., University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M., and Harry Freund, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 3:45 Determination of Technetium by Controlled-Potential Coulometric Titration in Buffered Sodium Tripolyphosphate Medium. A. A. Terry, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, and H. E. Zittel, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 4:00 Amperometric Titration of Zirconium with Cupferron. Hisashi Kubota, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., and J. G. Surak, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. 4:15 The Electro-Oxidation of p-Phenylenediamine and Re lated Compounds in Concentrated Acid Solutions. H. B. Mark, Jr., and F. C. Anson, California Institute of Tech nology, Pasadena, Calif.

Qualitative Analysis Friday Morning, April 5

• •

Quantitative Analysis

SECTION A

Process & Quality Control

SYMPOSIUM ON OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS IN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION D. D. DeFord, Presiding

NMR

booth C-31 PinSBURGH CONFERENCE

145 Greensburg Road . New Kensington, Pa. Circle No. 192 on Readers' Service Card

9:00 Introductory Remarks. D. D. DeFord. 9:05 Basic Characteristics of Operational Amplifiers as In strumentation Components. D. D. DeFord, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. 9:30 The Stabilized Operational Amplifier. C. G. Enke, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. 9:50 The Heath Analog Computer as a Versatile Analytical Instrument. G. W. Ewing and T. E. Brayden, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, Ν. Μ. 10:10 Characteristics and Applications of an Educational Operational Amplifier System. H. V. Malmstadt, University of Illinois, Urbana, III., and C. G. Enke, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. 10:35 A Practical Instrument Synthesizer. C. F . Morrison, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. 11:05 A Multipurpose Operational Amplifier Instrument for Electroanalytical Studies. W. L. Underkofler and Irving Shain, University of Wisconsin, Madison 6, Wis. 11:35 A Multipurpose Electrochemical Instrument for Current and Potential Control-Integration of Currents with Applica tion of a Linear Potential Sweep. George Lauer, Helmar Schlein, and R. A. Osteryoung, North American Aviation Sci ence Center, Canoga Park, Calif.

Friday A f t e r n o o n , April 5 SECTION A SYMPOSIUM ON OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS IN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION D. D. DeFord, Presiding

Above: A typical lab set up of a rotary film evaporator with a Quickseal flask attached. Quickseal flasks, the container of choice for freeze-drying applications are employed with equal success, i.e., for rotary film evaporators. The two piece construction permits con venient recovery of dried materials of gummy residues, and clean-up problems are reduced to a minimum. Lack of toxicity for sensitive biologicals and excellent chem ical and thermal stability are built in qualities of the double faced Quickseal silicone rubber gasket. Vacuums to 1 micron are routinely obtained "without the use of any vacuum grease"—eliminating vacuum grease contamination of valu able samples. Quickseal Flasks are available in volume capacities from 25 ml to 1000 ml with either 19/38 or 24/40 top joint. For full details and prices, write: THE VIRTIS COMPANY, INC. Gardiner, New York Circle No. 14 on Readers' Service Card 50 A

·


2:00 Applications of Commercial Operational Amplifiers in Instrumentation for Chemical Analyses. M. T. Kelley, D. J. Fisher, H. C. Jones, W. L. Maddox, and R. W. Stelzner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 2:30 Discussion. 2:50 Instrumentation for Cyclic Voltammetry Using Opera tional Amplifier Switching Modules. R. P. Buck, Bell & Howell Research Center, Pasadena, Calif. 3:10 Operational Amplifier in Instrumentation for A.C. Polarography. D . E. Smith, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. 3:30 Chronopotentiometric Power of Time and Exponential Current Functions. R. W. Murray, University of North Caro lina, Chapel Hill, N . C. 3:50 Some Novel Operational Amplifier Circuits for Modular Instrumentation. E. C. Toren, Jr., C. P. Driscoll, and J. W. Yarbrough, Duke University, Durham, N . C. 4:10 Electroanalytical Controlled-Potential Instrumentation. G. L. Booman and W. B. Holbrook, Phillips Petroleum C o , Idaho Falls, Idaho. 4:35 A Square Wave Polarograph Employing Operational Amplifiers. D. D. DeFord and Ε. Η. Nagel, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111.

Education of Chemists in the U.S.S.R

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