project is proceeding in two phases. The first phase is an engineering verification burn that will precede the final commercial design and construction. The second phase is the commercial facility itself. The final plant will produce enough raw, intermediate-Btu gas to provide about 38 MW of electrical power. Nearly 32 MW will be for sale and the remainder for use within the plant. Government price and loan guarantees are required before construction can begin. The present timetable calls for beginning the engineering verification burn in the third quarter of 1985, with its completion about six months thereafter. If all the arrangements can be made, plant construction could be finished by the first half of 1989, and initial production
could begin by the end of 1989. sored jointly by Rheinische BraunThe projected installed cost for the kohlen Kraftstoffe AG, Uhde GmbH, facility is $89 million. and Mobil (U.S.A.) with financial One of the problems with this assistance from the U.S. Department venture has been a delay in approv- of Energy and the West German al by Synthetic Fuels Corp. The pro- Ministry for Research & Technology. posal for the project is now in final The pilot plant is located at Wesselreview, but it has been stalled be- ing, near Cologne. cause SFC's board has lacked the In the process crude methanol is members for a quorum. Earlier this vaporized and superheated to 350 month President Reagan appointed °F before being sent to the reactor. three board members, so SFC has The nominal composition of the feed begun holding business meetings is 96% methanol and 4% water. Presagain (C&EN, Dec. 10, page 26). sure in the reactor is less than 60 However, Humphrey says the de- psig and the temperature range is lay in Washington has caused the from 700 to 800 °F. sponsors to seek additional private After removal of the entrained funding for the engineering verifi- catalyst, the raw gas is cooled and cation burn. If this can be obtained, separated into an aqueous phase, a the project can be kept moving, al- stabilized gasoline phase, and a light though some lag is probably inevit- gas phase. The reactions in the bed able. D are highly exothermic and heat removal is achieved with either of two methods. One circulates the hot catalyst to an external cooler before it is returned to the reactor. The of October. At the annual meeting second removes heat directly from of the American Institute of Chemi- the operating bed by means of an cal Engineers, held last month in integral heat exchanger. In both San Francisco, R. M. Gould, Mobil cases, a portion of the catalyst is Research & Development Corp. circulated to a regenerator to conrepresentative on the project, labeled trol coke formation on the catalyst. At a pressure of 25 psig and a it a success. The project is spon-
Fluidized-bed methanol-to-gasoline process near Commercialization of the fluidizedbed version of the Mobil-MTG (methanol to gasoline) process has come a step nearer to reality. The second and final phase of operations with a 100 barrel-per-day pilot plant was completed at the end
Fluid-bed reactor is heart of Wesseling pilot-plant process Vent
Methanol
Regenerator Two-stage scrubber
Water
Condenser
Air + nitrogen Reactor Flare Filter
Feed preparation
Nitrogen
Cooler
•
Light gas compressor
-•Gas (C4and lower)
Debutanizer Nitrogen Separator Vaporizer Superheater
Gasoline Nitrogen
- Water
December 17, 1984 C&EN
27
Special purchase on precious metal chemicals. 4012102
Palladium (11) chloride 10g $ 85.00* 100g 600.00 4013115
Acetylacetonatodicarbonylrhodium (1) lg $ 37.00 5g 118.00 25g 462.00 *Pnces subject *o change without notice
Direct from ENGELHARD, the Primary Source. To order, call the toll free numbers below. For our Catalog/Handbook write Engelhard Corporation, Specialty Chemicals Division, 429 Delancy St., Newark, NJ 07105. (800)222-0712 N.J. (800)222-0713 Overseas & Canada (201) 465-6018 or TELEX 642919
© LIGNOSULFONATES
The Limitless Lignosulfonates Although ORZANLignosulfonates have served industry for decades, new uses are still being uncovered. Send for our brochure today and discover the limitless possibilities for yourself.
Mail to: ITT Rayonier Chemical Products 1177 S u m m e r Street, Stamford, CT 06904
III 28
STATE
ZIP
RAYONIER CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
December 17, 1984 C&EN
Materials for Microlithography
temperature of 765 °F, typical operating conditions, the raw gasoline yield is 90% with an octane rating [(R+M)/2] of 90.25. The yield increases slightly at higher pressures but there is also a slight decrease in the octane rating. Durene content was below 5%, but a requirement to keep durene below 2% would necessitate hydroisomerization of the raw gasoline. Data from the two years of pilotplant operation with the fluid-bed process are enough to permit the design of a commercial plant, Gould says. That design is now in process and is scheduled to be finished by mid-1985. At that time, the participants will decide whether to pursue the matter further. The Mobil MTG process emerged from the development of ZSM-5 zeolites a decade ago. In the interim, a number of variations have appeared, including the fixed-bed process that will be used in a new plant now being built in New Zealand. The feedstock for the New Zealand facility will be offshore natural gas, which will be converted to synthesis gas and then to methanol before going to the MTG process. The variations possible in the MTG process are being considered generally as a means of utilizing the large methanol surplus in the world. However, despite the idea's great appeal, the process technology had been slow to develop until the U.S. government and other sponsors contributed the necessary developmental funds. The fluid-bed reactor is supposed to contribute a significant improvement in the economics of the MTG process and probably would permit a further exploitation of the means to upgrade feedstocks other than methanol. D
Radiation-Sensitive Polymers
34
FREE NAME TITLE COM PAN Y STREET CITY
Technology
S-enriched sulfur produced at Oak Ridge The first large-scale quantities of an isotope other than uranium have been enriched by gas centrifugation at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Tennessee. The material is sulfur, and it has been enriched to contain about 10% of
Materials for Microlithography
MEWl Larry F. Thompson, Editor AT&T Bell Laboratories C. Grant Willson, £d/for IBM Research Laboratory J.M.J. Fréchet, Editor University of Ottawa Covers the work in both radiation chemistry and lithography of leading researchers throughout the world. Looks at new resist systems and fundamental radiation chemistry as related to microlithography. Includes sections on introductory material, fundamental radiation chemistry, and resist materials and applications. Provides useful information for researchers and those practicing lithography. CONTENTS Fundamental Limits of Lithography · Practical and Fundamental Aspects of Lithography · Resist Materials for Fine Line Lithography · Polymer Degradation by High-Energy Radiation · High Sensitivity of Chloromethylated Polystyrene · Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers in Solid Phase · Radiolysis of Poly(lsopropenyl f-Butyl Ketone) · Polymer-Bonded Electron Transfer Sensitizers · Laser-Induced Polymerization · Polymers with Pendant Photosensitive and Photosensitizer Groups · Determining Radiation Chemical Yields of Negative Electron Beam Resists · Anomalous Topochemical Photoreaction of Olefin Crystals • Photo-Fries Rearrangement and Its Use · Soluble Polysilane Derivatives · Novel Silicone-Based Negative Resist · Positive-Working Electron-Beam Resists Based on Maleic Anhydride Copolymers · Functionally Substituted Novolak Resins · Chlorinated Polymethylstyrene · Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers in Solid Phase · New Types of Electron-Beam Resists · Radiation Chemistry of Phenolic Resin-Containing Epoxy and Azide Compounds · Organic Direct Optical Recording Media · Photoinitiated Free-Radical Polymerization of Organic Coatings · Radiation Stability of Silicon Elastomers Based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials of the American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series No. 266 492 pages (1984) Clothbound LC 84-21744 ISBN 0-8412-0871-9
US & Canada $54.95 Order from: American Chemical Society Distribution Office Dept. 15 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
or CALL TOLL FREE 800-424-6747 and use your VISA, MasterCard or American Express credit card.
Export $65.95
