book reviews chapter Ozaki considers the thermodynamic and kinetic (activated complex) isotope effects and their use in the mechanistic investigation of catalytic processes. There is also a short introductorv chanter describine very
for the assay of isotopic species. This book is anice contribution t o the literature of surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. I t collects a wealth of mechanistic information which has been derived from relativelv classical studies of heteroee" neous catalvtic nrocesses over eneineerine, .. type surt'ares. Alrhwgh most of the results dcsrrih~dare obm~nedby rrnrtmn over surfaces which are not cleanly characterized by modern surface-spedroscopie techniques, the results described are chemical facts which have, by and large, been established by sound manipulative chemistry. This is interesting readine for anv surface scientist: it would also ~. , . a 1 organ^^ chemist. In view 01 its rather specialimd coverage, rt is douhrfd that this hook would be appropriate as the text for use in a formal course hut it certainly represents useful supplementary reading for a n advanced undergraduate or heginning graduate student and would be a useful addition to anv college library. ~~
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John Overend
University of Minnesota Minneapolis, 55455
translation I 1'-T). intermoleeulor vil,rational ( I ,\'I. - and rutation-tn-tmnslation ( K T , e n e w rransfer. In each,simplr models which have been successful in correlating experimental results are first presented. Then experimental results from representative systems are shown and compared with these models. I t'wnd the latter discu~sionof specific exprrimtnLs lo br the m w vsrful p m ofthis hook. A large bod) uf data is rewewed in a concise hut complete way. The chapter on R-T transfer is the weakest section. In particular, there is no discussion of microwave double resonance experiments, which provide the best illustration of propensity rules (approximate selection rules) for A J changes. The treatment of theoretical models could he improved. While i t would have significantly lengthened the hook, the inclusion of derivations would be a great help t o the novice in the field. In addition, there is very little discussion of recent accurate quantum scattering calculations on simple systems. This is certainly understandable from the point of view of an experimentalist who wants t o employ simple models rather than elaborate calculations (which are not feasible for most systems anyway) to correlate his data. Nevertheless, the reader should be made aware that computational advances now allow accurate scattering calculations with correlated ah initia potential energy surfaces for simple systems and that number of comnarisons with accurate exneriments have been made Al>o, there studlea haw shown that t h aarerment ~ hetween rxper~mentand a slmplr model often rcliulw frum n funullous cancellation of errors. At the back of the book an extensive bihliography is provided. I shall find this book useful to ha& as a source hook on energy transfer which brings together data from the venerable acoustic and shack tube techniaues with information being uncovered by newer methods.
Vibratlonal and Rotational Relaxation In Gases
Paul J. Dagdigian Ttm Johns Hopkins University Saltimare. Mawland 2 1218
J. D. Lambert, Fellow of Trinity College,
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A42 / Journal of Chemical Education
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Selrnan A. Berger
Cily Univerrilyof New York John Jay College of Criminal Justice 445 West 59 Street New York. New York 10019
Oxford. Oxford Universitv Press. Oxford. 1977. xvii 142 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 x 24 cm. $19.95. Lambert writes with some pefspeetive on the suhject of eollisional energy transfer since he has made a number of important contributions t o this field over the years, the most well known being the Lamhert-Salter plot which correlates polyatomic V-T relaxation rates with the frequency of the lowest vibration mode. The present volume is meant to acquaint advanced students and others with both theoretical and experimental aspects of energy transfer. I t is comparable in scope to Stevens' book "Collisional Activation in Gases." . nublished in 1967. and is an undated replacement for it. The author begins with a brief overview of simple theoretical concepts in elastic and inelastic scattering. No derivations are presented and familiarity with gas kinetic theory is assumed. Chapter 2 describes experimental techniques by which energy transfer has been investigated. The traditional acoustic and shock tube methods are nresented. as well as mme rrcently dcvrloped teLhniqu'es such as inrrarrd lnscr fluorwence, duublr reirmance. Raman excitation, and molwulnr k m b The last three chapters discuss vibratian-to-
and the concept of the standard state. The chapter concludes with an application of the fundamental thermodynamics t o the development of equations which will apply t o synthetic seawater samples, the composition of which are described in a reference in the text. Chapter 2 gives a mathematical review of the techniques of partial differentiation using thermodynamic expressions. A very brief survey is given to show how various computer schemes may he devised for computational purpases. The chapter concludes with a basic review of the pertinent units. The remaining four chapters deal with the topics of entropy, partial molal volumes, expansibility, and compressibility. Each chapter first presents the theoretical material dealing with the particular topic followed by applications t o the mixed electrolyte, "seawater" sample. All chapters contain an abundance of tables and figures to illustrate the various topics being presented. References in each chapter are given in terms of the author's last name and year of publication. The full citation is given a t the end of each chanter where there is a comnlete lirting dreferencei ~nalphabettmlt~rder. .4r this is the case, thrre s noauthor index at the bark uf the bouk; h#lwevrr,a ihrwical index which gives page references t o particular ions and salt5 is inrludcd. This text is \rry thorough in its treatment of the four mniur t o ~ i c liited s prrvwusls. l'hr theoretical piesentation is balanced by a wealth of experimental data in many tables and fimres. This comnilation of a vast nmounr ufdata will warrant thnt the buok be ronsidewd a i a wlunblr rrfertncr sourre to those resrarrheri in solution t h e r m d y namics as well as oceanographers and marine scientists. While the text has been printed from photo-offset of typed pages, the print is quite clear and does not present any handicap to prospective readers. In the future, Part 11 of this series will be available and will cover t h e topics partial molal free energies, enthalpies, and heat capacities.
Thermodynamics ot Seawater. Part 1
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. VoI 1. Applications to Chemical Systems
J. V . Leuendekkers, Marcel Dekker, Ine., New York, 1976, volume 3 of the Marine Science Series. 496 pp., 6 chapters. $24.50. This text, part of the marine science series published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., is the first of a two volume set dealine with the thermodvnamics of seawater. 1t comnrises a verv , ths~n,uyhtheorcricnl treatment uf th?subject and is organi,ed to ~ w r the r hasic t u p w uf entn,p). partial molal vdume, expans~l,ility, and compressibility. The book is divided into six chapters t o cover the four topics mentioned above in addition t o a preliminary chapter which covers basic thermodynamics as applied to chemical solutions. This chanter includes such topics as, thr chemical potential. partial mdal qunntities, effectsof temperature and prcssurt. on soluritmr, rquilihrium constant. ~~
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Edited by John R. Ferraro and Louis J. B a d e , Argonne National Laboratory, Arganne, Illinois. 'Academic Press, New York, 1978. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 eni. viii 311 pp. $25.
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The history of the application of interferometers t o a wide variety of infrared speetroscopie problems is very interesting. Although interferometry was developed many years ago, its widespread application to chemical infrared spectroscopic problems only came about with the advent of relatively low cost dedicated minicomputers. Once these were available, the area of interfemmetric infrared spectroscopy or Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) expanded very rapidly. Because the entire system required the use of a computer, it was thought originally that FTIR was capable of producingfar
better data than was obtainable by conventional dispersive infrared speetrophotometry. More recently, the coupling of dedicated minieamouters to disoersive instruments has shown thatmuch of this supposed advantage of FTIR over dispersive instruments is not real. Nevertheless, the interferometer d w s gather and utilize radiation more efficiently than does a dispersive spectrometer, and, therefore, presents some advantages. The major advantages to chemists are found in situations involvine.. verv. low enerev ... or in situatimr where time ,*of vital imporrancr. Although the reader may nut r r a l ~ r rall thi\ from the title of this trwk, readmy c,f the various chapters will convince him of its truth. As a result, the book is very interesting reading to the infrared spectroscopist but has some serious drawbacks. It consists of seven chanters. . . each of which reviews an area of aoolieation of infrared soectrometrv-matrix ~sldaticmstudirs, iynthrric pd\,kcrs and I ~ i ~ _ u g ima~~n,mcrlrculr.~. cd mirartd ernissm spectroscopy, gas chromatography-FTIR, high pressure infrared spectroscopy, far infrared and applications to national technical problems. Each is written bv experts in the field and presents a good re;iew-of first, the theoretical backeround and second. the anR these f ~ r l d cH ~ W P V ( . I . plicattuns ~ ~ F T I t~ much of the darn in nearly all ot the tirldj mrher WAS o r could h w e been ohrilined by computerized dispersive instruments (in some cases, the data was obtained with dispersive instruments without the aid of a computer). Since the authors have attempted to show the application ofFTIR to the field, however, the result is a somewhat unbalanced treatment. The overall impression one ohtains is that of a rather strained treatment-an effort t o show FTIR's superiority to dispersive instrumentbwhich is not quite successful. There is no doubt that FTIR is superior to computerized dispersive instrumentation in certain applications, but prohably no more so than would he expected for instrumentation that costs approximately twice BS much. Finally, a nord of warnmx. Rradpra who expect t o learn the d ~ t ? i l ,(,I how a11 FTIR upcrate.; will br diiappmted Description c,i the instrument and its operation are only very hriefly described (about 20 pages) in the first chapter. Readers who really want to learn about the "nuts and bolts" would be advised to consult "Chemical Infrared Fourler Transform Spectroscopy" by Peter R. Gnffrths.
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In summary, I found the book interesting reading as a sort of review of progress in several fields of application of infrared spectrosconv. .. As sueh, it will orohablv become dated rather rapidly, though. Based on the references, the book covers advances through 1976. J. E. Katon Miami University Oxlord. Ohio 45056
Base-Catalyzed Reactions of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds Edited by Herman Pines, Northwestern University, Wnyne M. Staliek, George Mason University. Academic Press, New York, 1977. xii 587 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $57.
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Thts monu~mphis restricted 1,) hasr-ratalyrtd ron>ersimsof hydrocorbuni with a few examples involving mono-substituted hydracarbon derivatives. Reactions occurring in the presence of "catalytic" amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals are considered, hut polymerization is excluded. The manoeraoh does not attemot to enumerate or
qurnws ui rarhnnwn or i m pair structure ~ 1 the motiupraph wodd F n m thiq 8 - 5 ~ alnnr not t,c of p3rtiuuh value tu a herinning student. ~ 0 t hhomogeneous and he&rogeI neous svstems are considered. and from this wru.p
