INDUSTRY-
View from the air of Sun Oil's $15 million petrochemical at upper right are for prefractionation of feed stock. aromatic chemicals are formed im presence of platinum right. Purification section, involving TJdex process, is at
plant at Marcus Hook. Towers Houdriformer section, where catalyst, is in front and to the left
N e w Entry in Aromatic Sweepstakes Petrochemical b a n z e n e , t o l u e n e , and
plant adds 5 3 million gallons of xylenes to country's a n n u a l supply
A NEW addition was made this month ^ to the nation's fast-growing petrochemicals industry when Sun Oil officially opened its $15 million installation at Marcus Hook, Pa. Plant has been designed to produce 19 million gallons of benzene, 19 million gallons of toluene, and 15 million ga.lions of mixed xylenes a year. Although part of tbe plant is now on stream, the operation will not b e entirely under way until the end of the month. Siarnilar to plants elsewhere in the U. S., t h e new installation is unique for this particular area of the country. Sun Oil's operation uses three basic processing steps, all of which are run continuously. First involves fractionation of selected stocks from crude oil and natural gas. Second is a reforming step in which various naphthenes are converted to benzene, toluerae, and xylenes. Final step involves tlae separation of these products. At the start of the process, S28,700 barrels per month of straight-ruin gasoline are fed into the depemtanizer (see flowsheet). High-boiling fraction goes to another distillation column, where the feed stock for production of benzene and toluene is distilled overhead. This stream already contains a small amount of benzene and toluene nat5174
In this prefractionation section, feed stock is prepared before charging to the Houdriformer where benzene, toluene, and xylenes are formed over platinum catalyst cyclohexane, and dirxietliylcyclopentanes, which are catalytically converted to benzene and toluene in the Hoixdriformer. In this reaction, operated at over 900° F . and 3O0 pounds per square inch pressure arid employing a platinum catalyst, the cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane a r e converted, to benzene and hydrogen^ A t trie same time methylcyclohexane and dixnethylcyclopentanes are converted to -toluene. In this operation, m o r e trian 13
urally present in straight-run gasoline. Of greater importance, the stream contains such cyclic hydrocarbons as cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylPart of Sun Oil's petrochemical plant which will produce 6% of U. S. output of benzene, 8% of toluene output, and 12% of total output of xylenes
CHEMICAL
AND
ENGINEERING
KENtfS
INDUSTRY
Cylindrical reactors filled with platinum catalysts change lies to aromatics
Modern graphic control panel helos operator visualize location of heat and pressure readings taken from one of sight reactors and furnaces of Sun Oil's plant
million cubic feet per day of hydrogen is produced as a by-product, part of which is withdrawn and the remainder continuously recycled to prevent catalyst deactivation. As a result of this hydiogen recycling, the catalyst never has to be regenerated and thus is kept continuously on stream. After separation of hydrogen and pentane, product undergoes extraction 3y the Udex process, licensed from Universal Oil Products. I n the Udex extractor, the product, rich in benzene ind toluene, flows countercurrently to i diethylene glycol solution. Glycol
removes benzene and toluene from the contaminating hydrocarbons. In a second tower, the products are separated from glycol by distillation, and glycol is pumped back to the extractor for re-use. After passage through a clay treater for removal of impurities, aromatics are distilled for separate recovery of nitration-grade benzene and toluene. Xylene Production. In the manufacture of xylenes, the bottom product from the benzene-toluene feed preparation tower is distilled to obtain a cut rich in ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcy-
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clohexane, and trimethylcyclopentane, which can be converted t o xylenes. This xylene feed stock is p r e p a r e d continuously but is stored while the Houdriformer is producing benzene and toluene. Similarly, the benzene-toluene feed is stored while the Houdriformer is used in the production of xylenes. The synthesis of xylene is similar to that of benzene and toluene, although a higher pressure—500 pounds per square inch—is required. Again, over 13 million cubic feet of hydrogen is produced per day. T h e product from the reformer is fed to t w o distillation towers in series, one of w h i c h recovers a light gasoline and the other a naphtha stream. A third tower separates the final xylene product from a small amount of higher-boiling aromatics. The xylenes can be recovered merely by fractionation rather t h a n by more elaborate process used in the recovery of benzene and toluene. This is possible since t h e feed to the Houdriformer contains virtually nothing boiling above 265° F. Since the lowest boiling xylene boils at about 277° F., it is possible to fractionate the xylenes from the unconverted portion of the feed. The new plant, which circulates about 170,000 barrels of materials a day, not including 44,000 gallons per minute of cooling water, has been designed with a high degree of ~exibility. As a result, the relative proportions of the three major products can b e widely varied depending on market demand. In fact, the plant can also b e used for increasing the octane number of motor gasoline or for t h e production of aviation gasoline blending stocks. 5175
342 mADISON aVENUE, nE4W yORK 17. N.Y ShawirJgan Plans Bu+yral Expansion Shavvinigan Resins plan, to expand production of one of its basic resins— polyvinyl butyral—for the second time in less than a year. Capacity increase will enable the plant to meet the demand anticipated for the next three years. T h e new program will boost capacity about 20%. A 3 5 % hike, announced last April, was completed recently. In making the decision to expand beyond current demand, Shavvinigan is taking a leaf out of the book of its biggest customer, the automotive industry. New capacity may b e on standby basis at times, but it also will be able to fill the cyclical peak needs of the automobile industry for safety glass. Heyden Completes Antibiotics Sale to American C y a n a m i d Heyden Chemical completed sale of its antibiotics division to American Cyanamid Dec. 1, for a cash payment of $12 million, an amount which is approximately $6 million in excess of the book value of the assets sold (C&EN, Nov. 9, page 4 6 5 1 ) . Facilities will be operated by Lederle Labs. Heyden also has sold to American
n&w potcder
form
Cyanamid most of the inventories of its antibiotics division for a price to be paid in cash, which, it is estimated, will approximate 8 5 % of their book value and will result in a net realization in excess of $1.5 million. Proceeds from sale of Hey den's antibiotics division and antibiotic inventories will increase its net working capital to approximately $21 million and its cash or equivalent assets not required to pay accrued taxes to approximately $18 million. Assets sold to American Cyanamid included Heyden's Princeton plant and nil intangible assets of the antibiotics division including all patents, p a t e n t applications, and inventions relating to antibiotics. Assets did not include Heyden's stock interest and royalty arrangement i n the French antibiotics company, Society Industrielle Pour la Fabrication des Antibiotiques; H e y d e n now is engaged in disposing of these assets. Polymer Industries Projects N e w Plant A plant designed for expanded production and over-all efficiency will be opened formally in early 1954 by Polymer Industries of Astoria, L. I.
of .
'CELLOSIZE" HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE Trade-Mark
economical e a s y to use
noiv commercially
as
available
binder, thickener, adhesive, stabilizer, dispersant
SPECIFICATIONS
"CELLOSIZE" WPHS-Low
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, % by wt.
60%
min.
60%
min.
Na2HP04 and NaH.2P04, % by wt.
35%
max.
35%
max.
Viscosity of aqueous solution (as shipped basis) at 20°C. pH of 2 % aqueous solution
40-150 cps. (2% concentration)* 6.0-8.0
{p%
25-190 cps. concentration) 6.0-8.0
*At 5% concentration, approximately 2000-7000 cps.
* "* >v.
F o r prices and f u r t h e r information, call or w r i t e o u r n e a r est office. Ask for F o r m 8114. Carbide a n d Carbon Chemicals
Company
A D i v i s i o n of U n i o n Carbide a n d C a r b o n C o r p o r a t i o n 30 East 42nd Stroat (TffiR New York IT, N. Y. In Canada: Carbide and Carbon Chemicals, Limited, Toronto The term "Cellosize" is a registered trade-mark of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation:
5176
U. 5. Rubber Takes Option O n Research C e n t e r Site U. S. Rubber has acquired options tt purchase a 90-acre tract of land ii Preakness, Wayne Township, N. J., or which it plans to construct a researcl center devoted to scientific research anc development in the fields of rubber chemicals, textiles, and plastics. The research center calls for construe tion of three laboratory buildings and service buildings at an approximat cost of $4 million. Company's presen research and development activities now conducted in its general labora tories in Passaic, N . J., will be trans ferred to the new location. Arrangement and architecture of th< buildings will suggest a university campus *n appearance. Whole area wil b e naturally landscaped by the man) tall trees now growing on t h e property A main laboratory with 90,500 squar< feet of floor area will b e largest buildinj on the site. Other buildings are ai experimental laboratory of 35,00* square feet of floor area, a chemics engineering laboratory with 850 square feet, a garage, a n d a power plan to supply steam for t h e buildings. F M C Splits C h e m i c a l Division in Reorganization
Nk "CELLOSIZE" WPHS
Located on a four acre site in Spring dale, a suburban section of Stamford Conn., plant will consolidate the firm* Astoria and Brooklyn operations anc will enable Polymer Industries to im mediately increase present productioi 50%. In addition to its new plant, com pany will continue to produce a ful line of adhesives and textile chemical: and finishes at the Polymer Southen plant in Greenville, S. C.
C H E M I C A L
On Jan. 1, Westvaco Chemical Divi sion, F o o d Machinery & Chemical wil be reorganized into t w o separate oper ating divisions. T h e s e will b e knowi respectively as Westvaco Chlor-^lkal Division and Westvaco Mineral Prod ucts Division. Westvaco Mineral Products Divisio: will be responsible for products manu factured at Carteret, N . J., Lawrenc and Sunflower, Kan., Modesto am Newark, Calif., and Pocatello, I d a h plants which include phosphorus, phos phates, barium chemicals, and mag nesium chemicals. W . N . Williams Westvaco's operating vice president will b e president of this new division. Westvaco Chlor-Alkali Division wil b e responsible for products manufac tured at the Charleston, W . Va. an< Green River, W y o . plants, which in elude chlorine, caustic soda, soda asr AND
ENGINEERING
NEW
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1953
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INDUSTRY chlorinated chemicals, and carbon disulphide. Franklin Farley of the administrative staff, FMC Chemical Divisions and previously a vice president of the International Minerals and Chemical, will be president of this division. General Chemical Expands Refrigerant C a p a c i t y A major expansion in Genetron refrigerant manufacturing facilities of General Chemical Division, Allied Chemical & Dye, is well under way at the company's Baton Rouge Works. Company reports that increasing tonnages of the refrigerants—dichIon>cii fluoromethane and trich-loromonnfliinro
methane—which General markets as Genetron 12 and Genetron 11, are alilready pouring off the line as a result of work finished to date on the expansion 3n program. These two organic fluorine ne chemicals are "work horses" of refriger?ration and air conditioninc industrv. Production capacity of the large new rw Baton Rouge plant will be tripled by jy this expansion, which is scheduled for or completion by February 1954. Naugatuck Sells Aromatics Equipment to Roubechez Assets of the aromatic chemicals department of Naugatuck Chemical division, l T . S. Rubber, have been purchased
by Roubechez, Inc., of New York City Purchiase price was not disclosed. T h e rubber company's aromatic chemicals department, which operatec under the name of Naugatuck Aromat ics, processed aromatic chemicals, im ported essential oils, and compoundec finished specialties for the perfume in dustry. I t s purchase by Roubechez also In the aromatic chemical and es sentha.1 oil business, included equip limit, chemical processes, and inven fories, but no real estate. Acquisition of Naugatuck Aromatic; will permit Roubechez to complete it line o f products. M imager of Naugatuck Aromatics Harold J. Edmon, will become a vict president of Roubechez and the chie perfu mer, Doy J. Huttleston, and the entire Chicago office will join Roube chez. Quaker O a t s Sells Furfural "Know-How"
The N E W
cenco I n jr dre
a.
MOISTURE A Axnuju/xi!$£:©:
$5
«>• with luck
HOUR POPCORN SORGHUM
MHO
SOU HAY met FOUNDRY
SANDS
ORY MHK
PRODUCTS
OATS l»APiR ClAY SUGAR BEET PULP SOYBEAN
MEA1
CERAMICS F O O D PRODUCTS
• M o a t u r t t a i t h t r totid or I.qw.d l a m p l n .
Here is an entirely new C E N C O development which measures moisture content by weighing and drying simultaneously. It utilizes a n improved principle of operation in drying the sample b y infrared radiation and weighing b y a sensitive null-point torsion balance. As a result, extremely rapid, accurate and reproducible moisture determinations are easily made. T h e C E N C O Moisture Balance has been used successfully for determining moisture content in a wide variety of materials. New developments now make it possible to measure liquids as well as solid samples. Disposable pans are also available at low cost for use with greasy, oily, t a c k y , and adhesive materials eliminating the need for cleaning. Operation is quite simple. T h e scale is calibrated directly in per cent moisture from 0 to 100% in . 2 % divisions. Final reading indicates the percentage of moisture content, WritR for Bulletin No. 1210B. No.
2 6 6 7 5 Cenco Moisture Balance, $ 2 2 6 . 5 0 . N o . 26678 disposable pans for solids or liquids. Pkg. of 25, $2.20. 4 pkgs. of 25, $8.00
piico:
CENTRAL 170 0 CHICAGO
M V I NO NCAAR*
SANTA C L A P A
SCIENTIFIC PARK
ROAD
BOSTON
I O S ANGCLES
•
TORONTO
COMPANY
CMICAOO
WASHINGTON
DETROIT
MONTREAL
13. SAN
ILLINOIS FRANCISCO
VANCOUVER
OTTAWA
342 mADISON aVENUE, nE4W yORK 17. N.Y 5178
CHEMICAL
Engineering and operating "know how" (or production of furfural ha: been sold by Quaker Oats to the Soutl Porto Rieo Sugar Co. Terms of sale have not been disclosed. South Port( Rico Sugar will build a plant at Ls Romana, Dominican Republic, and wil develop its own management and sale: policy. T h e y will produce furfura from bagasse residue of local sugar ean< processors. Quiaker Oats produces furfural a C c d a j Rapids, Memphis, and Omahi from such raw materials as corn cob: and oat hulls, for use in making nylor and syntfietic resins, refining of lubri eating oils, processing of diesel fuel and ithe refining of butadiene for the production of synthetic rubber. Barrett Expands Its A c t i v i t y In Resins and Plastics Barrett Division of Allied Chemica & D y e h*is enlarged its sales-manage merit organization to handle the mor< diversified production of plastics result ing from its recent acquisition of th< Plaskon Division of Libbey-Owens-Fon Glass. In broadening its operations in resins Barrcftt is continuing in a field in whicl it h a s been active for many years. I pioneered development of cumarone indenc re\sins more than 30 years age and lias promoted development of new resins through the years. The new expansion is designed to improve company's ability to keep abreast of technological improvements and ever-expanding markets. Thte name Plaskon will be retained as a Iraxle name for the product* formerly m a d e by the Plaskon Division AND ENGINEERING
NEWS
naphtachinimie in production with new SD process
Climaxing 7 years of development, SD's new direct oxidation process for producing ethylene oxide a t low cost has now reached successful initial operation . . . at Naphtachimie's new L'Avera plant near Marseille, France, also designed by SD. Naphtachimie is not only first in Europe, but first new producer in the world since 1938 t o use such a process. And performance to date, they report, has actually exceeded design specifications. You, too, will profit by utilizing SD's specialized experience in organic chemical plant design. Their services are available to you, o n a confidential basis, on any problem involving a process of your own, or one to be procured o r developed.
FirSf in Europe
with
Commercial ETHYLENE OXIDE
by Direct
Oxidation
SCIENTIFIC DESIGN C O M P A N Y , I N C . EXECUTIVE OFFICES: 2 PARK AVE., N E W YORK 16, N . Y .
Engineering Offices: Jersey City, New Jersey V O L U M E
3 1,
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DECEMBER
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342 mADISON aVENUE, nE4W yORK 17. N.Y
INDUSTRY.
and for new products as they are added to the general line. Many of Barrett's trade names for plastics will be retained, however. Second Explosion in Year A t Hercules Plant In late November an explosion occurred in black p o w d e r press room of Hercules Powder plant at Pinole, Calif.
A laborer and one h e l p e r w e r e killed and two other persons suflFered injury. D a m a g e was estimated a t $30,000. A p proximately 7 5 0 0 pounds of black powder were ignited b y causes n o t known. Some 2800 pounds w e r e i n a 12-ton press a n d t h e balance i n t h e same building- T h e press w a s blown 50 feet and t h e building completely destroyed. Explosion was similar to one that
Aerial view of press building which exploded at Hercules Powder's Pinole plant
occurred at the same plant in February of this year. Until the two, there has not b e e n an explosion at this step in processing in over 4 0 years. Rubber-for-Roads Plant Opens in Arkansas Official opening of a new-type manufacturing plant was held recently at Malvern, Ark. Plant, believed to b e only one of its kind, will produce synthetic rubber powder used in rubberizing asphalt for road paving and allied purposes. Rubarite, Inc., is o w n e d jointly by Goodyear Tire & Rubber, National Lead, a n d Bird & Son. I t s product, Rubarite,, is a free-flowing unvulcanized synthetic rubber. Most experiments with rubber in roads has been done with vulcanized rubber. Marking opening ceremonies was a 30-ton dynamite blast touched off in Magnet Cove t o obtain barytes needed in manufacturing process. Rubarite is m a d e b y coprecipitation of synthetic rubber latex and extremely small particles of barytes. W a x Pianf Vriii S t a r t Production in January Plant for production of paraffin and microcrystalline waxes is being constructed in North Salt Lake for Sure Seal Corp. Tears Engineers, Dallas, is erecting plant from equipment being brought from Texas. Replacement cost is estimated at $1.5 million. Production should start in mid-January. Sure Seal expects 1954 production to reach 2 2 million pounds of waxes. Principal source of wax will b e Uintah Basin crude oils, plus some purchases of "wax ends" from refiners. Present plans call for daily crude runs of between 500 and 600 barrels, most of it supplied by Carter Oil. By e n d of 1955, this will be increased t o 1000 barrels. Plant will operate a methylethyl ketone "deoiling" unit under license from Texas Co.
A straight-chair, alky! rescrcir.o! supplied as a white crysfaiiine solid, soluble in organic solvents dilute aqueous solutions of a! kalies, and Insoluble in water, 5-n-pentadecyl resorcinol offers possibilities for the preparation of other chemical compounds.
C6H3(0H)aC15H|
H H H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C H H H H H H H H H
REACTIONS ALREADY INVESTIGATED INCLUDE: ( 1 ) N I T R A T I O N , N i t r a t i o n i n a l a r g e v o l u m e of acetic a c i d w i t h f u m i n g n i t r i c acid at a t e m p e r a t u r e of 50° C. produced red* y e l l o w crystals—exact c o m p o s i t i o n not y e t d e t e r m i n e d . ( 2 ) ACETYLATION AND ETHERIFICATION. C a n be converted t o t h e di-acetate or t o the m o n o — o r di-alkyl e t h e r s . ( 3 ) ALDEHYDE REACTION. Reacts r e a d i l y w i t h f o r m a l d e h y d e i n m e t h a n o l solution t o p r o d u c e fast-setting resins. CHEMICAL DIVISION
IRVINGTON
VARNISH & INSULATOR Division o f Minnesota M i n i n g & M f g ^ Co. 30 ARGYLE TERRACE IRVINGTON 11. N. J .
5180
Further investigation may lead to new types of reactions. Technical data sheets and free samples of 5-n-pentadecyl resorcinol will be sent on request to assist you in your studies.
PCVIiOFMMMT O f
Firm t o Consult in Field of Combustion and Explosives Four staff members of U . S. Bureau of Mines have resigned to engage in private consulting practice in field of science of combustion a n d explosions and its applications. T h e y are Bernard Lewis, former chief of t h e explosives and physical sciences division, Guenther von Elbe, former chief of chemical and flame research, Bela Karlovitz, former chief of turbulence and flame research,
RESEARCH •Trademark
CHEMICAL
(Continued on page
5185)
A N DENGINEERING
NEWS
.INDUSTRY
and Stuart R. Brinkley, Jr., former chief of mathematical and theoretical physics research. Their firm is known as C o m bustion and Explosives Research, Inc. Books on "Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases" b y Lewis and von Elbe are s t a n d a r d texts a n d have b e e n translated into several foreign languages. T h e four associates are authors of over 200 articles in this field. T h e y serve as editors of several scientific texts n o w in preparation. The next international combustion symposium, of which Lewis is chairman, will be held in Pittsburgh in September 1954 with the University of Pittsburgh as host. Group located their offices in the Alcoa Building, Pittsburgh, early in November. Firm will provide guidance o n a personal basis to individuals and groups in combustion and explosives fields. Research programs will be analyzed and developed; experimental programs will b e carried out. Accident diagnosis, hazard prevention, smoke abatement, and related subjects will be included in staff services.
will cover about three acres. Production is expected t o begin next summer. Other manufacturing sites of U O P Platforming catalyst plants are Shreveport, La., London, England, and nearb y Des Plaines, 111., site of firm's research a n d development labs. Processing facilities at Shreveport are being e x p a n d e d to increase capacity. Construction work is expected to b e completed April 1. G e n e r a l Chemical Expanding H 2 S C 4 O u t p u t a t River Rouge
Sulfuric acid capacity is again being e x p a n d e d by General Chemical in its
Detroit Works at River Rouge. While a major addition to acid facilities of the works was put into production in October, demand in the area is sufficient to warrant still greater capacity. N e w sulfuric acid unit is scheduled to go into production late next summer and will nearly double present sulfuric capacity of the plant, making it the second largest of General's 20 plants in U. S. and Canada. Construction costs are not yet available. Facilities will produce oleum and battery acid as well as standard grades of sulfuric. Consumers in the area will be serviced by railroad tank car and tank truck deliveries.
FROM A SINGLE 1H«
itf*
| REAGENT CHEMICALS..
Ground Broken for Resin-Rubber Plastic Unit
•s^s
Ground has been broken at Baton Rouge for new production facilities for Kralastic, a resin-rubber plastic developed b y U. S. Rubber's Naugatuck Chemical division. N e w unit, addition to Naugatuck's plant, will triple o u t p u t of Kralastic, c o m p a n y states. Unit is expected to be in operation by July. A m e r i c a n C y a n a m i d Plans t o Double N H 3 Plant C a p a c i t y
Engineering plans are under way t o double planned production capacity of American Cyanamid's anhydrous ammonia plant n e a r N e w Orleans. Its Fortier plant will make more than 300 tons p e r day. E x p a n d e d capacity will make more ammonia available for agricultural purposes. Fortier plant, a $50-million unit for production of nitrogen chemicals from natural gas, is n o w u n d e r construction. Anhydrous ammonia will also be used as an intermediate for production of other chemicals to be made t h e r e . Plant will also produce acetylene, hydrocyanic acid, and derivatives of these such as acrylonitrile and ammonium sulfate.
M a t h e s o n , C o l e m a n & B e l l Reagent Chemicals i n c l u d e p r a c t i c a l l y all of t h e items used in research a n d anal y t i c a l w o r k . The Reagent I n o r g a n i c Chemicals carry u p o n t h e l a b e l a statement s h o w i n g t h e m a x i m u m limits o f impurities a l l o w e d . The Reagent O r g a n i c Chemicals are manufactured t o pass t h e specifications s h o w n i n our p r i c e list. in a d d i t i o n t o Reagent Inorganic a n d O r g a n i c Chemicals w e offer m a n y items o f U.S.P., N . F . , Practical a n d Technical q u a l i t y . Complete stocks of MC&B Items are carried at our East Rutherford and Norwood plants and are available either through your laboratory supply dealer or from the East Rutherford or Norwood offices.
OUR
NEW 8V2" x 1 1 " C A T A L O G , O F O V E R 100 PAGES,
REAGENT CHEMICALS,
B I O L O G I C A L STAINS,
V O L U M E
3 1,
NO.
50
>
CHEMICAL
A N D S O L U T I O N S W I L L BE SENT T O Y O U U P O N
LISTING
3911
INDICATORS
REQUEST.
HYDROCARBON
UOP Breaks Ground for Catalyst Plant in Illinois First spadeful of earth was t u r n e d recently signalling start of construction of Universal Oil Products' fourth catalyst plant. N e a r McCook, III, p l a n t
SOURCE!
Manufacturing-
DEC E M B E R
Chemists
THE MATHESON CO. carries the world's most diversified line of COMPRESSED GASES a n d GAS REGULATORS
EAST RUTHERFORD, N E W JERSEY N O R W O O D (CINCINNATI), O H I O
14,
1953
5185