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Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
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In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES
239
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks D . Klempner, EDITOR
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University of Detroit Mercy L. H . Sperling, EDITOR
Lehigh University L. A. Utracki, EDITOR
National Research Council
Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, of the American Chemical Society, at the Fourth Chemical Congress of North America (202nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society), New York, New York, August 25-30, 1991
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1994
In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Interpenetrating polymer networks / Les Sperling, Daniel Klempner, L. A. Utracki. p.
cm.—(Advances in chemistry series; 239)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN 0-8412-2528-1 1. Polymer networks. I. Sperling, L. H. (Leslie Howard), 1932- . II. Klempner, Daniel. III. Utracki, L. A. 1931- . IV. Series. QD1.A355 no. 239 [QD328.P67] 540 s—dc20 [668.9]
93-23106 CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Copyright © 1994 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of thefirstpage of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means— graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of thefirstpage of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
1993 Advisory Board Advances in Chemistry Series
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M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor
V. Dean Adams University of Nevada—Reno
Bonnie Lawlor Institute for Scientific Information
Robert J. Alaimo Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Douglas R. Lloyd The University of Texas at Austin
Mark Arnold University of Iowa
Robert McGorrin Kraft General Foods
David Baker University of Tennessee
Julius J. Menn Plant Sciences Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Arindam Bose Pfizer Central Research
Vincent Pecoraro University of Michigan
Robert F. Brady, Jr. Naval Research Laboratory Margaret A. Cavanaugh National Science Foundation Dennis W. Hess Lehigh University
Marshall Phillips Delmont Laboratories George W. Roberts North Carolina State University A. Truman Schwartz Macalaster College
Hiroshi Ito IBM Almaden Research Center
John R. Shapley University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Madeleine M. Joullie University of Pennsylvania
L. Somasundarum DuPont
Gretchen S. Kohl Dow-Corning Corporation
Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England)
In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
FOREWORD
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The ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES was founded in 1949 by the Ameri-
can Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated in the Society's journals. It provides a medium for symposia that would otherwise be fragmented because their papers would be distributed among several journals or not published at all. Papers are reviewed critically according to A C S editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of A C S publications. Volumes in the ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES maintain the
integrity of the symposia on which they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation.
In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
ABOUT THE EDITORS
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DANIEL KLEMPNER is a professor of polymer
chemistry and engineering at the University of Detroit Mercy; associate director of Polymer Technologies, Inc. (also known as the Polymer Institute), a subsidiary of the University of Detroit Mercy; and director of the university's Center of Excellence in Environmental Engineering and Science (CE S) in Detroit, Michigan. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1964, his M.S. in chemistry from Williams College in 1968, and his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the State University of New York at Albany in 1970. From 1964 to 1968 he was an engineer for Sprague Electric Company, where he studied electrical properties of polymers. From 1970 to 1972 he was a visiting scientist in the polymer science and engineering program of the University of Massachusetts, where he carried out high-pressure X-ray studies on polymers. In 1972 he joined the faculty of the University of Detroit. He conducts extensive research in polymer science and engineering, focusing especially on interpenetrating polymer networks, polymer alloys, polyurethanes, structure-property relationships, high-temperature polymers,flammabilityof polymers, coatings, elastomers, foams, medical applications of polymers, and environmental studies on polymers. He has more than 120 publications, has written or authored 15 books, and holds several patents. His research is heavily supported by federal and industrial grants and contracts. He is an active consultant for industry and the legal profession. 3
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In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
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L. H. SPERLING serves an interdisciplinary role at Lehigh University, being a member of both the Chemical Engineering Department and the Materials Science and Engineering Department. He serves as director of the Engineering Poly mers Laboratory of the Materials Research Cen ter, is chairman of the Polymer Education Com mittee of the Center for Polymer Science and En gineering, and is also a member of the Polymer Interfaces Center. Sperling has conducted research in the field of interpenetrating polymer networks since arriving at Lehigh University in 1967, and he also has broad interests in physical polymer science, especially in the areas of polymer chain diffu sion, film formation, and the molecular aspects of fracture in plastics. Other recent areas of research include sound and vibration damping with poly mers and IPNs, the use of triglyceride oils in IPNs, and the general area of renewable resources. This is the ninth book he has written or edited. In addition, he has written some 250 scientific papers and holdsfivepatents. Sperling's teaching efforts include polymer blends and composites, physi cal polymer science, and a range of other chemical engineering and mate rials areas. In addition, he has offered a number of short course programs, both in the United States and in Europe. Sperling was a Ph.D. student of W. R. Krigbaum at Duke University and a postdoctoral research associate of Α. V. Tobolsky at Princeton University before joining Lehigh Univerity. He also was employed by Buckeye Cellu lose Corporation in Memphis, Tennessee from 1958 to 1965. In addition to his efforts in polymers, Sperling is active in the American Wine Society and has published a number of works on wine making, especially in the area of fruit wine making.
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In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Klempner, D., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
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L. A. UTRACKI is a senior research officer and past head of the Industrial Polymers Section of the National Research Council of Canada, Industrial Materials Institute in Montreal. He was born and educated (Chem.Eng., M.Eng., Dr.ScL, Privât Dozent/Doctorat d'Etat) in Poland and conducted postdoctoral work at the University of Southern California (1960-1962). Since 1968, he has worked at Shawinigan Chemicals, McGill University, and C.I.L. Inc. He is author of more than 300 technical papers, patents, books, and book chapters. His research activities cover thermodynamics, rheology, and polymer processing. He served as president of the Canadian Rheology Group and the Polymer Processing Society (International). He was member of the Society of Plastics Engineers EPSDIV board of directors. His name is listed in American Men and Women of Science and in Who's Who in Science and Engineering. Utracki organized
the monograph book series Progress in Polymer Processing (published by the Polymer Processing Society) and served for three years as the series editor. He has been a member of several editorial boards, co-editor of Current Topics in Polymer Science, editor of Polymer Blends and Networks,
and frequent guest editor of the Society of Plastics Engineers journals, Polymer Composites and Polymer Engineering and Sciences.
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