Dec., 1911
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
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Sanitary ware was valued at $6,758,996in 1910, vented in Germany, where' i t probably has had its which was a gain of $769,701 over 1909. It was greatest development. ObservAtions made there seem produced in 9 States. New Jersey was b y far the to prove that sand-lime brick is a building material largest producer, the value of its output being which will resist shining soot. Three years ago an $4,955,066. West Virginia was second and Indiana inn was built in Greifenhagen, in which sand-lime third. Sanitary ware formed 2 0 per cent. of the value brick was used for everything but the lining of the chimney flues, which were built of common brick beof all pottery products. Porcelain electrical supplies were produced in I O cause a t that time the question whether sand-lime States in 1910,of which Ohio was the leader, reporting brick was equally resistant to fire had not been settled. ware valued at $1,277,144.These wares composed I n spite of the fact t h a t lignite briquets were burned, shining soot was found in the flues in a short time, 11.23 per cent. of the total value of pottery products. Red earthenware was made in 33 States t o the and the flue bricks were permeated as high as the value of $854,196,Pennsylvania being the largest rafters of the ground floor. When the flues were producer. Ohio was second and Massachusetts third. pulled down i t was found, however; that the sand-lime Stoneware and yellow and Rockingham ware were brick were entirely unharmed and white in color, in valued a t $3,796,688 and were made in 28 States. spite of the fact t h a t the brick walls were only about This is the only branch of pottery production t h a t 41/ainches thick. If this experience is repeated elseshowed a decrease in 1910. Ohio, as for many years, where, i t is stated, the fact will be established t h a t was the leading State in the manufacture of these sand-lime brick is the best building material to withwares, reporting 43.84 per cent. of the total. Illinois stand shining soot. was second and Pennsylvania third. Ohio is the leading pottery-producing State in the Union, reporting a value in 1910 of $14,794,712. or 42.31per cent. of the whole. New Jersey was second, IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1910. with wares worth $8,588,455,or 25.42 per cent. of The iron and steel industry in the United States the total. West Virginia was third, with wares valued broke all previous records in 1910,according t o Ernest a t $2,675,588. The 5 leading States-;-Ohio, New Jersey F. Burchard, of the United States Geological Survey. West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York-proThe iron ore production was 56,889,734long tons, duced 88.60 per cent. of the total. the pig iron production 27,303,567 tons, and the Imports of pottery in 1910were valued a t $11,127,steel production 26,094,919tons. These figures show 405, a n increase of $520,193,qr 4.90 per cent. The increases over the production in 1909 of iron ore exports of pottery, which are confined almost ex5,734,297tons, pig iron 1,508,096 tons, steel 2,139,898 clusively t o the lower grades of ware, increased tons. The following table shows the enormous growth $177,994,or 20.61 per cent. over the 1909 exports. of the iron and steel industry in the United States since 1900: SAND-LIME BRICK.
The sand-lime brick industry was in a prosperous condition during the year 1910,according t o statistics compiled b y Jefferson Middleton, of the United States Geological Survey. These statistics also show a rapid development of the industry in recent years. The value of the production in 1910was $1,169,153, against $1,150,580in 1909 and only $155,040 in 1903. Michigan led in 1910,as for several years, and reported products valued a t $240,649;this was a gain of $22,423, or 10.28per cent., over 1909. Michigan's output constituted about one-fifth of the total value of all sand-lime products in I g IO. Minnesota, the second in rank, producing $154,250worth, was the state t o show the largest increase over 1909-$41,181, or 36.42 per cent. New York was third in output, Florida fourth, and Pennsylvania fifth. Of the states for which totals are compiled b y Mr. Middleton Indiana showed the largest proportional gain, 9 3 . 7 0 per cent. Of these States only two showed a decrease in value of the product, Iowa $16,941,or 35.14 per cent.; a n d New York $1,252,or 1.39per cent. EFFICIENCY OF SAND-LIME BRICKS.
The process of making sand-lime brick was in-
1900.. . . . . . . . . . . 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908.. . . . . . . . . . . 1909.. . . . . . . . . . . 1910.. . . . . . . . . . .
Iron ore.
Pig iron.
27,553,161 42,526,133 47,749,728 51,720,619 35,924,771 51,155,437 56,889,734
13,789,242 22,992,380 25,307,191 25,781,361 15,936,018 25,795,471 2 7 303,567 ~
Steel. 10,188,329 20,023,947 23,398,136 23,362,594 14,023,247 23,955,021 26,094,919
The value of the iron ore produced in 1910 was $140,735,607,as against $109,964,903for 1909, and t h a t of pig iron was $425,115,235, as against $419,175,ooo in 1909. Iron ore was mined in 28 States in 1910. The following table shows the production of the five leading States : Long tons. Minnesota.. . . . . . . . . . . 31,966,769 Michigan.. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,303,906 4,801,275 Alabama.. . . . . . . . . . . . New York... . . . . . . . . . . . 1,287,209 Wisconsin... . . . . . . . . . 1,149,551
Value. $78,462,560 41,393,585 6,083,722 3,848,683 3,610,349
The five leading States in pig iron production were as follows: Long tons. Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . 11,272,323 Ohio.. ............... 5,752,112 Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,675 646 Alabama.. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939,147 1,938,407 New York.,. . . . . . . . . .
.
Value. $180,695,338 88,122,356 42,917,362 23,754,551 32,410,165
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
During 1 9 1 0 , of the 451 iron ore mines in operation, 191 mines produced Over 50,000 long tons each, the largest quantity produced b y a single mine being 3,190,093 tons, b y the Hull-Rust mine, of the Mesabi range, Minnesota. Nine mines in Minnesota, besides one group of mines in Michigan and one group in Alabama, produced more than I,OOO,OOO tons each, the second greatest production being 1,769,067 long tons b y the Red Mountain group of mines, near Birmingham, Alabama. Twenty-five mines produced more than 500,ooo tons each. Importations of iron ore in 1910 were the greatest in the history of the industry, being 2,591,031 tons, valued a t $7,832,225. Exports were 644,875 tons valued a t $2,074,164. Figures showing the foreign production of iron ore are not yet available for 1910, b u t the following table for 1909 shows .the supremacy of the United States in iron mining. United States.. .................... .long tons. .51,155,437 Germany and Luxemburg. . . . . . . . . ..metric tons. . 2 5 , 5 0 6 , 0 0 0 United Kingdom.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..long tons. .14,979,979 France. .......................... .metric tons. .11,890,000 Cuba.. ........................... .long tons. . 1,417,914
No other country produced so much as a million tons. It will be seen that the United States produced nearly one-half of the total of the world’s output. I n steel production in 1910, Pennsylvania led all States, with 13,107,539long tons and Ohio came second with 5,050,608 tons. The total production of. the United States was 26,094,919 tons.
Dec., 1911
1909, aluminum scrap, and alloys of any kind in which aluminum is the component material of chief value, in crude form, are dutiable a t 7 cents per pound, and plates, sheets, bars, and rods a t 1 1 cents per pound instead of 8 cents and 13 cents, respectively. The president of the Aluminum Company of America states t h a t business in 1910 fell off on account of curtailed production in steel-making, in which it is used for deoxidizing and in the curtailed automobile business. “Large stocks accumulated and are still accumulating. Some plants have been cut back half and unless the demand improves still further cutting back will be necessary. The aluminum cooking utensil business was good. Although a new (aluminum) sheet-rolling mill was built in Niagara Falls in 1910, i t was not put into operation, on account of the falling off in business, but as i t was built to meet future requirements, it is expected t h a t the time will come when the mill will be required.” The following is a summary of an article which appeared in the Frankfurter Zeitung of August I O : “The development of the aluminum industry has been unusually rapid, the world’s production having risen from 1 1 , 5 0 0 metric tons in 1905 t o 24,200 metric tons in 1909, and 34,000 metric tons in 1910. The distinctive feature about the aluminum trade is t h a t i t is in the hand8 of only 1 2 companies, of which 5 , viz., the Aluminum Industrie Akt. Ges., of Neuhausen, the SociCt6 Electro-MCtallurgique Francaise, of Froges, the Compagnie des Produits Chimiques d’Alais et de la Camargue, of Salindres, the British Aluminum Company (Ltd.), and the Aluminum Company of America, account for nine-tenths of the total output.”
BAUXITE AND ALUMINUM PRODUCTION.
The United States Geological Survey reports t h a t the 1910 output of bauxite in the United States was 148,932 long tons, valued a t $716,258. The average price at the mines has been: 1908, $5.06; 1909, $5.26; 1910, $4.81. Bauxite is principally used in the production of metallic aluminum, and in the manufacture of the artificial abrasive, alundum, a t Niagara Falls. This abrasive is made in the electric furnace b y fusing calcined bauxite. Experiments are also being made in admixing bauxite with other materials for making refractory brick, which for linings far exceeds the life of silica or fire-clay bricks. The world’s production of bauxite in 1909 total 270,581 tons, valued a t $949,924, of which the American share was 129,101 tons, worth $679,447. The French output was 128,099 tons, worth $251,188. The growth and magnitude of the aluminum industry in the United States are shown in the fact that only 83 pounds were produced in 1883, 3,000 pounds in 1886, 4,000,000 pounds in 1897, 1 7 , 2 1 1 , 0 0 0 pounds in 1907, 34,210,ooo pounds in 1909 and 47,734,000 pounds in 1910. The American exports of aluminum a n d its manufactures increased from $364,521 in 1906 t o $949,215 in 1910. Under the Payne-Aldrich tariff act of August,
WORLD’S CONSUMPTION OF BEER, WINE AND SPIRITS.
More beer is consumed in the United States than in any other country of the world, and more distilled spirits than in any other country except Russia., The quantity per capita consumed in the United States is not, however, in the case of beer, as great as in Belgium, United Kingdom, Germany, or Denmark, while our per capita consumption of distilled spirits is less than t h a t of Denmark, Hungary, Austria, France, Netherlands, or Sweden. Of wines, the quantity consumed in the United States is below t h a t of Portugal, Spain, Germany, Italy, or France; and the per capita consumption is less than t h a t of France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, or Hungary. The following table, compiled from official sources b y the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, shows in millions of gallons the consumption of malt liquors, wines, and distilled spirits, respectively, in the principal countries of the world for which statistics of this character are published and the per capita consumption in each instance, the figures being for the latest year for which statistics are available.
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