BOOK
reference purposes there are also included photographic ohemicals and accessories; much of this latter information is not particularly new and would appear to be similar to information offered by the manufacturers. Probably one of the most valuable contributions in the book is a collection of photomicrographs, d l of which were taken bv the author. These pictures are nearly ill printed one to a page with s. brief history of each specimen, plus complete information on how the mremgraph artistically, the use of perspective often was taken, including optics and illuminagives a truer representation of the appartre, tion employed, exposure, filters, staining tus illustrated, but frequently the older (if any), photographic materials, and diagrams had a clarity and directness magnification. which is lacking in some of the new illusThe information on photomicrographic trations. Figure 2-1 has been reduced technique which appears to be the essential too far: the inches and centimeters are reason for writing the book makes it of only 80 per cent as long as they should be. value as a teaching aid or reference book. The typography is pleasing. While some of the contents are not new WALTERB. KEIGHTON they are presented in suoh a manner as to be of value to most microscopists doing Swarthmore College photomicrography. Such discussions as Swarthmore, Pennsylvania "oommon faults of photomicrography" and others dealing with light sources, magnification, fuzzy fields, and exposure, make this edition a practical working Photomicrography microscopist's handbook. The usefulness of photomicrography is emphasined Roy M . Allen, Fellow and Past Presiby the many micrographs used to illustrate dent, The New York Mioroscopical the book. Society. 2nd ed. D. Van Nostrand The various types of optical microCo., Inc., Princeton, N. J., 1958. scopes inchlde polarizing, phase, dark 441 pp. 235 figs. 54 plates. xiii field, metallography, interference, fluores16 X 23.5 om. $9. cent. and ultraviolet. In addition, a This second edition includes many of the short ohapter on the electron microsoope is developments in instrumentation which included. While this chapter on the elechave oocurred during the 17 y e m since tron microscope does familiarize the publication of the first edition. The reader with such instruments, it is unlikely author comments on most of the instruthat the practicing electron microscopists ments commercially available at the can find much of interest. present time. Pictures of these instruNot only will the amateurs gain from the ments are also included. Micmscopea, section an homemade equipment but the illuminators, cameras and phatomicroprofessional may also obtain some useful gaphio items are all included in the disideas. The author fully understands the cussion on equipment. The discussion problem associated with the high cost of on the self-contained "universd" units is equipment which faces nearly all amateurs. especially interesting and helps to clarify It gives many useful and prwtical suggestions on how to construct equipment. the large number of things to consider before purchasing such a unit. Each has RAYR. K E A ~ ~ E S its own advantages and stmng points, Amerimn Cyanamid Company depending on ultimate use. For handy Bound Brook, New Jersey
REVIEWS
The Fundamentals of College Chemistry
G. Brooks King, The State College of Washington, and William E. Caldwdl, Oregon State College. 3rd ed. American Book Company, New York, 1959. 592 pp. 14.5 X 22 cm. $6.25. vii
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The text has been reworked with a resulting gain in ease of understanding. There are few changes of a drastic nature and very little of the material of the previous edition has been omitted. Among the sections added or improved by rewriting are those on the activity series, effusion and ddiusion, physical and chemioal atomic weights, oxidation numbers, balancing oxidation-reduction equations, the products of oxidation and reduction, metal hydrides, detergents, and the naming of the higher hydrocarbons. The chapter formerly titled Chemical Equilibrium becomes Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium and the chapter on Radioaetivity and Nuclear Changes has been revised and now includes material on the fundamental particles of matter, massenergy relationships, nuclear power plants, binding energy, the hydrogen bomb, peacetime uses of atomic energy, and radioactive dating. An appendix has been added on oxidation-reduction potentials. A few exercises have been dropped, but rephoed with new ones. Some of the references have been deleted, but replaced by twice as many new, and more recent, references. The illustrations have been redrawn. The diagrammatic line drawings of the second edition are supplanted by perspective drawings done on a hackground of grey wash. The juxtaposition of greys and whites is more interesting
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Mars Transfer Between Phases
Thomas K . Shewoat, Prof. of Chemical Engineering, MIT. Phi Lambda. U p d o n , Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University 86 pp. 23 figs. Park, Pa., 1959. xi 21.5 X 27.5 cm. Paperbound. $2.75.
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The old mader does it anain. These at the Pennsylvania State University, April, 1959. This presentation, although only 80 typewritten pages in length, is a brilliant review of the present knowledge of mass transfer between two nhases. The disr n ~ i o nin this series hss been restrir.ted to
Volume 36, Number 1 I , November 1959
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585
rived, and with this important matter now rrfwrru rs iwde I,? v m n t r y du not seem to rrfvr to p:trtivulavl,v tylrivul n illtempt to are treated in the following six ohapters. make certain that most of the major counChapter 12 consists of a thorough, tries are mentioned somewhere in the hook. modern, treatment of chemical kinetics. There are a number of diagrams and four A discussion of oollaids and surface chemdouble pages of pictures, likewise distribistry follows, notable for its attention to uted geographically. The hook also conthe mathematicsl details associl~tedwith tains a three-page glossary of standard this topio. In the remaining third of the terms. The booklet contains a few errors. One book emphasis is placed upon ohemical physios, beginning with atomic structure, reference is t o the gas diffusion isotope continuing through nuclear chemistry, separation in which the pamphlet states molecular structure, the solid state, photothat a mixture of isotopes passes through a chemistry, and radiation chemistry. (As wall which tends to retain the Lightest isomight be expected from the research tope. There is also a reference to GM interests of the authors, this chapter will counters which are reported to count beta he stimulating to the students.) The final or gamma radiation a t rates up to 10,000 chapter is on ohemical statistics. per second. A reference is also made to There are three features in this text that "Professor Galvin's" work on photosynindicate it was written for the student. thesis. There also seems to be some nnFirst, within each chapter are several certaintv ahout the definition of a hiological half life. On the whole, there are exercises clearly designed to help the sturemarkably few such errors, and likewise dent understand the material discussed in only a few tvpographieal errors. the chapter. I n general, the exercises are simpler than the a t the ends This pamphlet would probably he of JOHN J . MCKETTA considerable use as a rapid, semitechnical of the chapters mid thus they also prepare Univwsity of Tezas the student to meet the challenge of the introduction to the use of radioactive is* Austin problems. Second, a t the end of each topes in any situation in which such a survey would he useful. Since no suhstanchapter the materialis briefly summarized. tiating information is given other than the Third, there are frequent references to the literature throughout the text and a sestatement that a certain type of work is or Rodioisotoper in the Service of Man lected bibliography in an appendix lists has been done, it would not be part~ieularly valuable as a research reference. It a p several other texts and reference works. Fernand Lot. UNESCO, Paris, 1958. A reviewer, in order to convince the pears to have quite useful possibilities for 82 pp. 13.5 X 21.5 em. Paperhound. the casual reader with some technical reader of his objectivity, should find a 1 . (Available from UNESCO Public* background. few things wrong with a text under retions Center, 801 Third Ave., New York view. No doubt this text has its flaws but 22.) they are not very ohvions. Perhaps some will decide that the rigorous style of writing will not inform the student as well as dealing with various programs of this orhas been implied here. I would haveliked ganization. It might he charaoterized to see several references, ~ e r h a p as s a short heat by saying that it has the highest denbibliogrsphicd listing a t the end of each Principles of Physical Chemistry sity of isotope applications of any volume chapter, t o the many excellent articles with which I am familiar. I t is evident that have appeared in J. CHEM. EDUC. William H. Hamill, University of Notre that i t is not possible to treat in any detail from time to time. But these are minor Dame and Russell R. Williams, JT., most of the applications mentioned in the points. This text is recommended for Haverford College. Prentice-Hall, Inc. book, but it is of quite considerable usefulserious consideration to all who are looking Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1959. ness in referring to a, wide variety of isofor a different text for the physical chemisx 607 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X tape applications. try course. If not used in the classroom, 23.5 cm. $8.75. The volume is written with a somewhat i t should he available in the library. I t This book is addressed to the student popularized approach, although it mainwill also serve as a concise summary of who can think, or who is willing to try to tains a good technical level throughout modern ohemistry for others who learn to think. I t will be necessary, often, most of its pages. The first four chapters wish to refresh their understanding. are general statements having to do with to read a. sentence more than once, to diliJAY A. YOUNG the era of radioisotopes, natural radioamgently study a. table or a graph. But King's College once understood, there will be no need to tivity, the production of radioactive isoWilkes-Bawe, Pennsylvania learn a different interpretation in future topes (in the neutron furnace), and the detection of radiation. studies. There are no tacitly qualified statements in this text. The authors are Chapter V combines applications in physics, chemistry, biology, andagronomy; to he commended for their careful choice the following chapters have to do with the of preoise, informative, and accurate ststeIntroductory Chemistry therapeutical use of radioactive isotopes, ments. This text is outstanding for the Lillian Hoagland Mehleyw, Western Michindustry, and a potpourri ranging from the rigor of its treatment. igan University. 2nd ed. The Mecfight against insects to the study of meteThe material that should be disoussed in millan Co., New York, 1959. viii orites. Chaptcr IX contains a few pages an elementary treatment of physical chem528 pp. Figs. 14.5 X 22 cm. $6. on the effects of radiation on living beings, .istry is growing daily. For this reason, with the last chapter being comments relaperhaps, the authors havechosen to discard Tbere is great similarity in subject mattive to the 1957 UNESCO Conference on the traditional order of presentation. ter between this second edition and the Radioisotopes. This choice has enabled them t o include first one which appeared eight years ago. In general, i t can be said that the author the necessary new additions without extenThe book is of approximately the same attempted to balance not only the use of sive digressions t h a t would be forced into length. The chapter headings are alike. isotopes in various fields, but also to halthe older, classical, order of discussion. The material is directed toward the same lance the work being donc in various counAfter an introduction consisting of an group of students in home economicrr, tries. Most of the applications are not accurate, ordered choice of preliminary nursing, physical education, agriculture, identified as to where or by whom the topics, the First Law is explained in Chapand biology. However, the text haa been work is being done, although some ter 2. This is followed by s. discussion of brought up-to-date b y additions snd subspecific references are made to work in thermochemistry and the Second Law. I n both eastern and western countries. The Chapter 5 the free energy equation is dc(Cmtinued on page A704) mechanism of the transfer process. Any chemiod engineer who let the field of mass transfer slip from his grasp during the past years will appreciate this review t o bring him up to date in this important field. Even those who are familiar with this field will enjoy Professor Sherwood's method of presentation. The subjects covered are as follows: molecular diffusion, diffusion coefficients in gases, diffusion coefficients in liquids, eddy diffusion, transfer from s. solid to a. turbulent stream, generalized "andogy," some of the better-known "analogies," the Chilton-Colhurn analogy, compressible flow, mass transfer with chemioal reaction, the "film" or Hatta Theory, the penetration theory, chemical reaction in a turbulent boundary layer, ion diffusion, sntpended e&dysts, fixed-hedcatalysts, diffuion in porous eatttalpsts, mass transfer hetween two phases, and barriers a t phase boundaries. This presentation should be on every chemical engineers' work shelf.
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