Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, and

Subject Index

Downloaded by 141.101.132.79 on August 31, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): August 25, 2016 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ix002

A Acorus tatarinowii and A. calamus, identification and characterization of biopesticides, 121 materials and methods antifungal bioassay-guided fractionation, 125 chromatographic analysis, 124 general experimental, 124 plant material and distillation, 124 results and discussion A. tatarinowii and A. calamus essential oils (EO), phytotoxicity, 138t Acorus species, average fungal growth inhibitory zones, 132t Botrytis cinerea, fungal growth inhibition, 133f compounds tested in female Ae. aegypti larval assay, mean mortality, 136t compounds tested in first instar Ae. aegypti larval assay, mean mortality, 135t essential oil components, 129 extracts of Acorus essential oils, thin layer chromotography, 130f fungicide assays, 129 Fusarium oxysporium, fungal growth inhibition, 133f gas chromatograph for the essential oils, TIC, 131f herbicide assays, 137 mosquito assays, 134 Phomopsis obscurans, fungal growth inhibition, 134f pure compounds from Acorus spp., phytotoxicity, 140t repellent compounds, mean minimum effective dosage, 137t three purified compounds from Acorus species, effects, 139f Aromatic and medicinal plants, controlled environment production, 49 carbon dioxide enrichment and MAPs, 51 elevated CO2, effect, 53t selected medicinal and aromatic plants, summary, 52t CE, light quantity and quality, 54 Tagetes patula, 55f

twenty-eight day old Lactuca sativa and Outredgeous, 55f UV-B, addition, 56 CE and MAPs, opportunities, 50 controlled environments, background, 50 medicinal crop, hypothetical comparison, 58t use of CE, constraints, 57

C Chamomila recutita L., breeding of German chamomile, 209 breeding process, phases 2011-2013, essential oil content and composition, 229t breeding material, homogenization, 218 breeding process, primer material, 219 chemical analysis, selected flowers samples, 223f essential oil, extraction, 224 essential oil components in the newly-bred variety, average contents, 228t essential oil content and composition, 230 experimental field at University of Presov, Slovakia, breeding nursery, 221f GC/MS analysis, 224 inflorescences yield, 225 main characteristics, evaluation, 221 middle seedbed, 219 morphological characteristics, 225 new bred variety, testing, 218 new bred variety of chamomile, ideotype, 220t newly-bred variety, evaluation of morphological characteristics, 227t new variety, evaluation by the method of middle seedbed, 218 results and discussion, 225 selected individuals, collection, 222f select single-plants and their standard deviation, evaluation, 226t thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 223 TLC analysis, 223f

285 Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov) and Cantrell; Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, and Utilization ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.


TLC analysis, individual plant selections, 222f TLC protocol, 224 University of Pressov, Slovakia, experimental plots, 220f Chamomila recutita L., 210 breeding and varieties ideotypes, aims, 216 breeding maintenance, method, 217 chamomile, flower chart, 211f chamomile, flowers and morphology, 210f chamomile, short history, 211 chamomile essential oil (EO), content and components, 214t chamomile essential oil (EO), content and main components, 213t chamomile essential oil (EO), different chemotypes, 212 main EO components, percent variability, 213t middle seedbed, scheme, 217f new chamomile variety, breeding, 215 new variety, plant population ideotype, 215 new chamomile variety in Slovakia, aims of the breedings, 218 summary, 230 chamomile in 2005-2008, breeding, 231t selected offsprings in middle plots, TLC analysis, 232t selected oxidated and nonoxidated chemotypes, evaluation, 233t Clary sage, weed control, 91 materials and methods, 92 weeds, mechanical removal, 93 results, 94 essential oil of Clary sage, variation of major constituents, 99t fresh inflorescence of Clary sage, yields, 97t fresh inflorescences and essential oil yield, essential oil content, 98t weed density in Clary sage crop, effect of treatments in first weed counting, 95t weed density in Clary sage crop, effect of treatments in second weed counting, 96t

E

essential oils, antioxidant capacity anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), 152 apiaceae, 151 asteraceae, 156 Caraway (Carum carvi L.), 155 coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), 154 cupressaceae, 158 dill (Anethum graveolens L.), 153 distillation times (DT), 159 essential oils, testing for antimicrobial activity, 147 garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.), 150 lamiaceae, 148 peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), 149 pinaceae, 160 poaceae, 160 sweet sagewort (Artemisia annua), 157 Essential oils, antioxidants, 187 aromatic plants and essential oils, antioxidant potential Apiacae family, 193 Asteraceae family, 198 genus Juniperus, Cupresaceae family, 199 Juniperus species, antioxidant activity of essential oils, 197t Lamiaceae family, 191 safety issue, 196 essential oils, research on antioxidant potential, 189 current methodology procedures, 190 future prospects, 200 Essential oils supply chain aromatic plant production crops and countries, 29 cultivation and wild harvesting, 27 essential oils and oleoresins, U.S. imports, 30t good agricultural and manufacturing practices, 41 aromatic plant supply chain issues, GAP recommendations, 42t botanical ingredients, Brazilian supplier, 43 supply chain distribution channels aromatic plant biomass and essential oils, contamination, 38 aromatic plants, smuggling and overharvest, 31 essential oil adulteration, 37 essential oil crops, list, 34t Indian sandalwood, 31

Essential oil fractions, 145


rats, experimentally induced dermatomycoses, 262f S. officinalis and L. angustifolia, essential oils, 267 Sabourad Dextrose Agar, Candida albicans colonies, 257f Thymus vulgaris L., essential oil, 261 Tinea diseases, 254 Trichophyton spp., 253

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, structure, 33f microbial tolerance limits, 40t other overexploited species, 36 overharvest not listed, essential oil plants, 36t sassafras oil, 32

G


M Goldenseal plants, 65 materials and methods, 67 different CO2 concentrations, leaves per plant, 71f Goldenseal grown for 15 weeks, 69t plant mass, harvest, 73f roots and rhizomes of goldenseal plants, hydrastine and bebrerine concentrations, 73f

H Human opportunistic fungal diseases, 247 opportunistic mycoses, 249 active antifungal substances, essential oils, 256 antifungal activity, essential oils and active constituents, 258 antifungal activity of an essential oil, screening study, 265 aromatic plants, antifungal activities of essential oils, 263 Candidiasis, 255 dermatomycoses, main causal agents, 250 dermatomycosis and candidiasis infections, fungi, 250t Epidermophyton spp., 251 essential oil from Thymus vulgaris, antifungal activity, 269f essential oil of Nepeta crispa Willd., antifungal activity, 259 essential oils and their constituents, different modes, 266 human dermatomycoses, 254 Lamiaceae species, oils, 260 major dermatomycetes, 252t Metasequoia glyptostroboides, antifungal potential, 264 Microsporum spp., 251 natural products, therapeutic use, 268

Medicinal and aromatic crops, overview, 1 American mayapple, 3f blue giant hyssop, 9f building block of essential oils, benzene ring, 10f clary sage, 10f constituent of the peppermint essential oil, menthol, 3f East Indian lemongrass, research plots, 8f Edelweiss, 11f Jimson weed, 11f lemon grass, research plots, 9f MAPs and their products, terminology, 6 medicinal plants research plots, 4f multiple utilizations, most MAPs, 5f peppermint from experiments in Misissippi, 4f spearmint transplants, 5f sweet sageworth, research plots, 6f

P Pesticides, 13 commerical challenges, 21 essential oils as pesticides, history, 14 future sources, 22 pesticides and commercial pesticides, essential oils used, 14 FIFRA list 25b, plant oils, 15t phytochemical considerations, 16 rosemary oil, toxicity, 18f some common plant essential oils, major constituents, 17t topically applied 1,8-cineole and camphor, penetration, 19f practical considerations cost and availability, 20 regulatory concerns, 19 prospectus and conclusions, 23 Plant-derived bio-active compounds, 167



essential oils, 168 essential oils, main terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, 169f oregano leaves, inclusion, 171 protozoa, effect of EO, 170 plant-derived bio-active compounds, effects on animal immunity, 177 saponins, 175 triterpenoid and steroidal sapogenins, 176f tannins, 172 condensed and hydrolysable tannins, 173f rumen fermentation, effects of tannins, 174 Preemergence and postemergence herbicides, screening, 103 materials and methods postemergence herbicides, formulation and rate, 106t preemergent herbicides, 108t results and discussion basil, postemergent herbicides, 109 coriander, postemergent herbicides, 109 coriander, preemergence herbicides, 116 dill, postemergent herbicides, 108 dill, preemergence herbicides, 114 fennel, postemergent herbicides, 108 fennel, preemergence herbicides, 114 postemergence herbicides on basil and coriander, phytotoxic effects, 112t postemergence herbicides on fennel and dill seedlings, phytotoxic effects, 110t preemergence herbicides on coriander, effects, 116t preemergence herbicides on dill seedling, effects, 115t preemergence herbicides on fennel seedling, effects, 115t

S Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.), phytochemistry, 235 materials and methods, 237 results and discussions, 239 components in the oil, groups, 241f essential oil, antimicrobial activity, 242t essential oil from Schizandra chinensis, chemical composition, 240t fatty acid composition, 243t sterol composition, 243t tocopherol composition, 244t Soil microorganisms, benefits aromatic and medicinal plants, commercial PGPRs, 83 biofertilizers, enhancement of nutrient supply nitrogen, fixation, 77 phosphorus, solubilization, 76 siderophores, production, 78 PGPR, deleterious effects, 80 plant growth enhancement pathogens, disrupting quorum sensing signals, 79 phytohormones, production, 78 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), production, 79 secondary metabolite induction, 80 rhizospheric microorganisms, microbial actions, 81f United States, commercial microorganism inoculants, 82t stress resistance abiotic stresses, resistance, 80 pathogens, resistance, 79


Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, and

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