753
T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D EIVGINEERING CHEILIISTR’I~
Sept., 1921
OUR FOREIGN TRADE IN CHEMICALS By 0.P. Hopkins 1824 Belmont Road, Washington, D. C. The world-wide depression that overtook business during the fiscal year 1920-21 did not spare our foreign trade in chemicals and allied products. Here and there is to be found a commodity that apparently has not suffered seriously, but statistics for the year are likely to be misleading in such cases. There are economists who sag “ I told you so’> when the great slump is mentioned, but they certainly were not vociferous before the event. Looking backwards, it is evident that one of the chief causes of the severity of the depression was the old lack of scientific direction of production. While orders pour in, production is speeded up in every direction with no tally kept of total production o r thought given to its relation to the possible consumption. After a brief boom period of high prices comes a the buyers’ strike, or a t an37 rate overproduction-then depression. On paper the foreign trade in chemicals w e not hit so hard during the fiscal year just closed a s were some other classes of commodities. A rough estimate indicates R total export of all chemicals and allied products of about a billion dollars in 1921, against something like a billion and a quarter in 1920. The decrease in imports was relatively about the same. Exports of chemicals proper, however, decreased 30 per cent, drugs, medicines, etc., about 25 per cent, and dyes nearly 27 per cent, in value, in value. Any but the most pessimistic will be encouraged by the fact t h a t the 1921 values a r e still greatly in excess of those for 1914. The slump is merely from the boom year: SCMMARY OF FOREIGN TRADD
IN CHEXICALS A ND (In Millions of Dollars)
-
CLASSES 1914 Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Drugs, medicines, eta.. . . 9 10 Dyes, dyewoods.. Explosives ............. 1 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Gums, resins, etc.. . . . . . . 88 Oils, fats, waxas.. . . . . . . 75 2 Paints, pigmenf.s,etc. . . . 5 Tannine materials.. ..... Paper Lnd pulp. . . . . . . . 30 Miscellaneous products:. . 120 Miscellaneous materials.. 8
-
-1914 15 11
.......
TOTAL.. . . . . . . . 448
-4LLIED
Pi
12 20 194 7 1 6 44
- -
2 -
PRODECTS
---EXPORTS1920 92
1921 64 31
26 28 33 37 607 27 6 33 324 4
46 25 22 613 21 2 27 181 4
41
19’
1055 1644 1386 318 1258 The article 6 I The importance of this class is due to the inclusion of sugar. making up this claas are shown in the detailed table of miscellaneous products.
In the more detailed tables that follow, quantities have been given wherever possible, as values have since 1914 been comparatively worthless f o r purposes of comparison. All compilations are based upon statistics of the Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C . THE TRADEIN CHEIIICALH With a few exceptions the trade in chemicals slumped in 1921 a s compared with 1920. Even where there is apparently only a slight falling o f f it should be borne in mind that the market may have been affected too late in the year to make a n impression on the year’s total. The exports of acids fell off in 1921, but as a whole were above those of 1914. Sulfuric acid shipments have :The term “chem~cals”is here used in the usual restricted wnw, a s not including druge, medirines, and dyes.
’ $m,m
fallen from 68,000,000 pounds in 1918 to 32,000,000 in 1920, to 18,000,000 in 1921, but are still 6,000,000 above 1914. Imports of acids are also declining but are still above the figures for 1914. The exports of caustic soda were cut in half during 1921, and shipments of sodium silicate decreased about one-third. There was only a slight decrease in foreign sales of sal soda, and the exports of soda ash actually increased in value, although the quantity shipped was slightly below that of 1920. The falling off in the value of ‘‘ all other” soda exports was about one-third. Imports of sodium nitrate decreased from 907,000 to 844,000 tons; the 1914 imports totaled 564,000 tons. The exports of potassium chlorate and other non-fertilizer potash salts were cut in half in 1921. Imports of potassium carbonate fell off from 22,000,000 to 14,000,000 pounds, as compared with 20,000,000 pounds in 1914. The imports of potassium nitrate went u p from 27,000,000 pounds in 1920 to 31,000,000 in 1921. I n 1914 the total importation was only 3,500,000 pounds. An increase occurred in the exports of chloride of lime from 31,000,000 to 37,000,000 pounds. Imports also showed an increase-from less than 1,000,000 to more than 4,000,000 pounds, but the total imports in 1914 amounted to 47,000,000 pounds. The growth in the imports of cyanides is shown by the fact that about 15,000,000 pounds of potassium cyanide mas purchased in 1921, more than three times the figure for 1920 and fifteen times the imports in 1914. Sodium cyanide was not shown in the statistics f o r 1914, but the imports in 1921 were only slightly under those in 1920 and worth over a million dollars. Of the coal-tar crudes, benzene was exported to the extent of ti7,000,000 pounds in 1921, a big increase over the 17,000,000 recorded f o r 1920. The value of other crudes exported increased slightly. Imports of creosote oil rose from 8,000,GUO gallons in 1920 to 28,000,000 in 1921. The 1914 imports totaled nearly 61,000,000 gallons. The expansion in the domestic production of sulfur during the war is reflected in the disappearance of imports since. Exports, on the other hand, fell off only slightly in 1921 as compared with 1920, but the industry suffered during the second half of the year. TR4DE
M
CHEIIIOALS,DRUGS,D Y E S , ETC.
ART‘ICL~S Xrnports 1914 Acids (except coal-tar acids): Oxalic, lbs.. ................ 8,507,850 All other, value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,133,252 Albumin, e g g , lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . PI Ammonia, muriate, lbs. . . . . . . . . 9,176,729 Argols, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.793,9 11 Arsenic or orpiment, lbs. 4,432,793 Balsams, not containing alcohol, lbs ......................... Calcium, acetate, crude chloride carbide and nitrate, lbs. . . . . . . . Chemical and medicinal coinpounds, n. e. s . : Alkalies. alkaloids, preparations, mixtures, etc., lbs. . . . . Medicinal preparations (see also coal-tar products), value $1,031,054 Allother .................... (‘1 Cinchona bark. and alkaloids or Wal’8 of: Barks. cinchona. or other from whibh auinine mav be ex3,648,868 tracted,lbs. ...... .”. . . . . . . . uinme, sulfate of, and all alkaioids or ralts of cinchona 2.879.466 bark, oz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......
e) (1)
‘
1920
1921
1,401,547 54,0?4,018 8,906,865
2 058 907 $2:587:571 7,889,411
5 344 428 23:638:337 6,470,700
4 417 162 26:485:760 8,801,293
745,151
452,167
76,845,476
111,261.888
6,907,035
11,206,926
$562,586 $1,388,577
$1:316:937 $1 030 551
5,242,724
3,587,010
4,580,807
3,630,063
754
T H E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, Etc., (Concluded)
Coal-tar”products:j ,$. -, I,- , Crudes Acid, carbolic, Ibd.??. . . . . . . 8,392,995 Benzol, lbs.. .............. (3 Cresol, Iba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9 O i l gal. . .......... . . . . . . . . 6099009435(9 Naphthalene lbs.. E Tar and %it& bbls. (9 Toluol, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All other crudes, value.. . . . . Intermediates Acids Carbolic ( henol) lbs.. . . . . . All other, ybs.. ......... Aniline oil, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Aniline salts lbs.. . . . . . . . . . All other intermediates. . . . . Finished products Alisarin and dyes, lbs.. . . . . . 2 633 414 $7:241:406 Colors or dyes, n. e. s , value 8,125,211” Indigo, synthetic, lbs. . . . . . . Medicinal preparations. , . , Other finished croducts. , . . , Allother coal-tar products, value.. . i . ,............... $1,636,750 Extrarts and decoctions for dyeing, Ibs.. ............ (9 Extracts for tanning: Quebracho. Ibs. ............. 93,329,087 8,710,040 All other Ibs. ............... 5,802,369 Fusel oil add but 1 alcohol, lbs.. . 36,409,619 Glycerol, crude, lgs.. ........... h\ Indigo, natural, lbs.. ........... $65,087 Iodine l b s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,798,614 Laotarkne, lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 636 131 Licorice root. lbs.. ............. 47:423:651 Lime, chloride of, lbs. .......... 3,067,265 Citrate of, Ibs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,494,316 Magnesite. no? purified, tons. ... Opium, containing 9 per cent or 455,200 -more morphine, lbs.. $2,309,027 Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc., value Potash (not for fertiliser): Carbonate, lbs ............... 20,603,593 808,721 Cyanide, lbs.. ............... Hydrate, not over 15 per cent 8,450,402 caustic soda, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . 3,5&6,580 Nitrate, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,775,588 All other, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 Soda: Cyanide, Iba. . . . . . . . . . . . (9 564,049 Nitrate tons.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $487,038 All othLr salts of,value.. . . . . .
........
8
. .:
.
is
.........
SuJfur tons..
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
19,389
157,319 170.519 8,188,303
183709 1,717:936 6 476 140
20 607 1,195,’706 $65,818
$159,421
$ ~ ~ ~:?&E%; $ ~
15,965
....
30 11,512
1,260 549 220
257 841 $3,7753216 1,014,100 $112 611 $79:216
352,173 $5,081,970 276,849 $236,656 $82,232
(9
.... 1,581,534
.... 708.640
154,944,717 110,194,308 9,712,978 7 380 920 6:196:179 1083 336 11:118,’149 15,656463 147,835 126:539 595 058 523,313 14,179:764 24 039 313 59,693,462 48:04,5:373 &,696,773 830,207 5,071,504 10,431,314 50,352 27,503 628 896 $5,545:606
77,444 $7,078,985
22 147 554 5:175:608
14,774,581 13,353,268
782,477 26 862 012 2:198:l’iS 1920 8,629,501 907,041 $1,642,589 41 21,180,414
4,934,697 30 868 786 4:512:402 1921 7,7+2,063 843 756 $1.343:641 2 2,7~7,006
10,770,340 &ma$ lba.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All w b k chemicals, drupe, dyes, eta,,, value.. ............. . . . . $13,676,032 $19,076,123 $16,955,157 lxports Acids: b59 890 2,223.205 Carbolir, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267’119 820 517 Nitric, Ibs.. ................. 3:730 8:073 Pirric lbs.. 18,600,704 32.336.893 12.fd1.750 Fhlfutk, Ibs 95,291,987 $3,029332 $357,035 All other, value.. 467:763 687,008 1598 r76 Alc-ohol wood, yal.. . . . . . . . . . . . 21,164,404 20,117,753 32:825:e49 Calcium carbide, Ibs.. 128,103 81,640 22,150 Coal tar bbls .................. Coal-tn;distillates, n. e. 8.: 17,282,368 66 622 862 Ben~ol.lbs.. (9 EX 611 514 $4’101’129 All other, value.. ............ (3 4:511:724 4:297:378 7,375,775 Copper sulfate, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Dyes and dyestuffs: $17 130 397 $13,577,788 Aniline dyes, value.. . . . . . . . . . (9 $1’832’231 $1 411 040 Logwood extract, value. ...... (9 $356,919, $6’829’937 $3‘571‘309 All other, valriq.. $6’016‘438 $1’732’198 $639,941 Extracts for tanning, value.. $1:3111:281 $2:289:217 (9 Formaldehyde, value. .......... 1388 194 2,237,623 36,409,619 Glycerol. lbs.. $3,032,330 $1’520’259 (9 Infants’ food, value. ........... 12:845:700 39 885 132 68,160,224 Lime acetateof lbs 37,425,093 3?12&:379 Chioride of, Ids. ............. (9 Medicinal and harmaceutical $6 721 978 $20 118 271 $18 038 328 preparatmns, v a k e ........... P7:979:237 $632863766 $21309:027 Perfumery and cosmetics, value.. $3,156,286 $2,072,595 b661,889 Petroleum jelly, value. . . . . . . . . . Potash: 2,845,858 1 130 771 (9 Chlorate Ibs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,362,827 $1:309:852 All othe;, value.. . . . . . . . . . . . . Roots, herbs. barks: 220.970 157 351 224,605 Ginseng lbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,793,064 $8’36:320 $51 3,071 All othe;, value.. ............ Soda: 11,998,510‘ 13,353,769 Bicarbonate, lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 943 1104 4,368,880 Borax, lbs.. ................. 22936843163 101,021,827 Caustic, Ibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,763,399 10,376,L 2 4 Sal soda, Ibs.. ............... 33,692,535 23,099,660 Silicate. Ibs. ................. 115 997 980 113 481 062 Ash Ibs. ................... $7:471:808 $5:378:899 All &her salts of, value. ...... 393,404 375,826 Sulfur tons. .................. 982,573,500 924,458,856 All otiei. ehemicale,,etc., value.. . 1Not stated seoaratelu. 2Stated as “Indigo, natural or synthetic” in 191% but Was Probably 1mgely synthetic. 3 Repre-nts the total value of all dyes nnd dye8tufIs in 1914. 4 Period from Jan. 1 to June 30,1920.
................. ................. ............ ..........
................
............
....
.................. ............
.
e)
Vol. 13, No. 9
DRUGS,MEDICINESAND TOILETPREPARATIONS The trade in the products under this head s e e m to have held u p pretty well in 1921. Exports of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations fell off somewhat in value, but differences in prices could easily account for the drop. The total was still three times what it was in 1914. Receipts of cinchona bark and salts fell off perhaps a quarter-in value, and the total is now about what it was before the war. Imports of coal-tar medicinals doubled froin 1920 to 1921. Exports of perfumery and cosmetics fell off about 20 per cent in value, although still three times tho total f o r 1914. Imports of such goods, however, increased about 20 per cent in value and were three times as great as before the war. (See table “ Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.”)
DYES Exports of aniline dyes decreased in value from $17,130,000 to $13,578,000 from 1920 to 1921. There was also a decrease from $6,830,000 to $3,571,000 in the exports of (‘All other ” dyes and dyestuffs, which include synthetic dyes other than aniline. It is not possible t o say just how price changes have affected these totals, but it is evident that competition from Europe is making itself felt in our foreign markets. The only country to take a notably increased amount of dyes from this country in 1921 was China, with a total of $4,809,000 as compared with $3,053,000 in 1920. Slight increases are shown for Brazil, Peru, Dutch East Indies, and Australia. There was a n alarming drop in shipments to J a p a n from $6,727,000 in 1920 to $1,341,000 in 1921, which is attributed partly to renewed German activity and partly to distress in the textile industries. Exports to India dropped from $3,334,000 to $1,834,000. With imports it is a somewhat different story, for there was a n increase from $3,775,000 to $5,082,000 in the important class, (‘Colors or dyes, not elsewhere specified,” but there is comfort in the fact that imports of synthetic indigo fell from 1,014,000 to 277,000 pounds. I n 1914 the imports of indigo amounted to 8,125,000 pounds. (Details of the dey trade a r e shown in “Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.” and the dyewoods are mentioned in “Trade in Miscellaneous Materials.”)
TANNINGMATERIALS Imports of tanning extracts fell off 25 per cent in 1921 as compared with 1920, but were still about 8 per cent above the 1914 figure in quantity. Purchases of quebracho wood fell off slightly from 1920, the quantity, however, being less than half of the total f o r 1914. Imports of mangrove bark went u p from 2544 tons to 7156 tons, which is practically the figure given f o r 1914. Exports of tanning bark were under the figure for 1920, but the item is insignificant. There was a noteworthy falling off of over 70 per cent from the $6,000,000 worth of tanning extract exported in 1920. (See table “Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.,” f o r extracts, and “ Trade in Miscellaneous Materials ” for bark and wood.) FERTILIZERS The imports of potash fertilizers are still further below the pre-war normal than they were in 1920, as the next table will show. Exports of phosphate increased 20 per cent in quantity compared with 1920, but are still about 36 Der cent below the figure for 1914. Exports of suDerph&pate, on the other hind, were only a third of the total for 1920. Shipments of ammonium phosphate showed a gratifying increase, but the sales of ‘(all other ” fertilizers
were cut in half. TRADE w FERTILIZEM ARTELM Imports 1914 1920 Ammonium sulfate tons. 83,377 2,587 Bone dust, aah, and meal, tons.. . 41,450 7,340 Caloium cyanamide, tons, ...... (9 84,678 18,796 21,887 Guano, tons.. ................. 541.846 274.761 kainite. tons. ................ Manure salts. tone.. ........... 261.342 2491348 Potash, n. e. 3 . : 237,886 110,324 Muriate, t o n s . ............. Sulfate, tons.. .............. 45,139 6,356 All other substances used only a8 $6,199,554 84,757,066 fertiliaer, value. Exmrts PhosphsLte rock: 351.352 415,335 High- grade pebble rock, tons. 395.581 1,000,630 Land pebble, tons.. ....... 30,348 1,906 All other, tons.. .......... 93,432 Superphosphates tons.. ..... (9 17,489 Ammonium sulfLte. t o n s . . 239,091 All other fertil'ilrers, tons. ....... b1,bUl Not stated separately. *Included in ' all other fertilizers" prior to May 1, 1920.
1921 2,537 27,413 34,696 37,570 204,834 123,273
.......
.............
49,911 12,081 $5,406,764 274,953 651,749 16,862 29,954 65,915 108.431
-m.
...
GUMS, RESINSAXD NAVALSTORES Copal, kauri, and damar held their own in the import trade for 1921, but there were substantial decreases in other items of this class. Purchases of rubber fell from 632,000,000 to 357,000,000 pounds, or over 43 per cent. The export trade in naval stores is only about half what it was in 1914 in quantity, although the sales of turpentine spirits increased 30 per cent in 1921 over 1920. Eosin exports were down one-third from 1920. TRADB LV GUMS,RESIK~, AND NAVAL STORES ARTICLES ImDorts 1914 1920 Camphor: 4,025,517 3,476,908 Crude, natural, lbs. ...... .... 1,685,633 566,106 Refined and synthetic, lbs. 9,699,863 8,040,891 Chicle, Ibs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 44,480,033 32,693,412 Co al, kauri, damar, 1b3.. 10 207 013 14,936,129 Zambier, Ibs ............ /i\ 6:718:308 Gum arabic, lbs. 34,151,209 16,?1/9,756 Shellac, lbs.. ............... . . . 14,641,434 .... .... Other gums, lbs.. India rubber, etc.: 1,533,024 2,013,737 Balata, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475,804 1,314,913 guayule gum, Ibs. . . . . . . . . . . . 24,926,571 18,392,164 Gutta joolatong, lbs.. .... 1,846,109 6,496,309 Gutta-percha, lbs . . . . . . . . 131,995,742 632,392,636 India rubber, lbs.. . . . . . . . 25,958,261 14,236,098 India-rubber scrap, lbs. ....... Exports Naval stores: 1,321,535 Rosin, bbls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,417,950 61,826 351,352 Tar, turpentine, pitch, bbls.. 7,461,455 Turpentine,spirits of, gal.. . . . 18,900,704 Not stated separately.
1921
..... .. .... .... .......... . . " . ..........
2,092,886 812,865 8,710,393 44,617,913
....
1,879,990 995,123 6,774,189 4,575,392 356,975,223 6,042,565
.
was the collapse of the business built u p in 1920 in such OrientaJ oils as coconut, soy-bean, and peanut. Imports of coconut oil totaled 272,000,000 pounds in 1920 and 141,000,000 pounds were exporte'd. I n 1921 the imports were down to 165,000,000 pounds while the exports had practically disappeared. Imports of copra were fairly well maintained f o r the year as a whole. Imports of soybean oil reached 196,000,000 pounds in 1920 (which was f a r below the 1918 figure), and nearly 68,000,000 pounds were exported. In 1921 the imports had dropped to 50,000,000 pounds and the exports to a mere 5,000,000 pounds. The imports of these oils, however, are greatly in excess of the pre-war normal. Cottonseed oil, which was purchased abroad to the extent of nearly 25,000,000 pounds in 1920, was practically removed from the import column in 1921, whereas the exports of this typically American product actually increased from 160,000,000 pounds in 1920 to 283,000,000 pounds in 1921. This is much above the 1914 level. TRADB IN OILS, FATS, A K D WAXBS ARTICLES Imports 1914 1920 1921 Oils, animal: 1,393,706. 1,943.357 1,224,660 Cod and codliver, gal.. . . . . . . . All other, gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,488,973 1,294,134 745,984 Oils, mineral: Crude, gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773,052,480 2,826,860,902 5,607,124,270 Refined Benzene, gasoline, naphtha, gal., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,139,912 22,037.592 35,642,815 All other, gal.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,945,007 59,851,312 95,548.796 Oils, fixed vegetable: Chinese nut, gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,932,444 10,613,638 4,439 981 Cocoa butter or butterine, lbs.. 2,838,761 41 500 915: 177 Cocoanut, l b s . . ............. 24,164,821 165,268,603 74,386,213 271,539:548 17,293,201 Cottonseed, lbs. ............. 1,315,265 192,282 Linseed, gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,550,391 1,996,586 Olive. non-edible. eal.. ...... 763,924 216 145 261 689 6,217,550 Olive; edible, gal.....y . ........ 6.812:.596 4,443:407 58,040,202 Palm lbs.. 50,165,387 31,076,224 2,769,144 34,327,600 Palmlkernel, lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,.508 1,337,136 22,064.363 2,421,704 Peanut, g a l . . ............... 1,464,265 Rape-seed, gal.. ............. 1, I7 1,930 1,229,626 16,382,452 195 773 594 49,330,645 Soy-bsan, lbs.. .............. $2:974:966 S791.654 $439.009 All other. value.. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . Oils. distilled and essential: $20,019 $1,829 Birch tar and cajeput, value.. (9 Lemon, Ibs.. ................ 385,959 870.170 626,014 All other, value.. . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,633,789 88,370,317 $4,989,374 5,243,553 Oleostearin, Ibs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,307.837 742,908 Paraffin (except oil), lbs. 7,495,459 8,687,728 5,714,653 Wax: Beeswax, lbs ................ 1,412,200 3,923,687 2,215,332 Mineral, lbs. ................ 8,086,422 2,816.700 4,755,396 4,255,686 9.949.567 Vegetable, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,233,416 22,322,492 42,165,287 35,106,716 Grease and oils, n. e. s., lbs.. Oil seeds and nuts: 1,030,543 1,416,328 Castor beans bu.. . . . . . . . . . . . 660 215 82,133,416 Cocoanuts in'shell, value. , . . , $4,830.548 92.6903723 45,437,155 218,521,946 196 635 315 Copra, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,653,235 23,391,934 Flaxseed, bu.. ............... 16:170:415 Peanuts 17,472,631 12,067,998 Not shelled, lbs.. 5,331,196 27,077,158 120,344,425 42,628,034 Shelled, lbs.. .............. Exports Oils, animal: 448,366 1,310,478 118,261 110,199 130,635 89,303 891,035 1,452,489 340,329
.................
@ $ ~ ~ ~
~
~
877 160 41:864 9,741,711
OILS, FATS AND WAXES The trade in vegetable oils fell off very badly in 1921 from the boom figures f o r 1920. Imports were only about a third in value of what tliey were the previous year, and the export trade was just about as badly hit. On the other hand, the imports of mineral oils doubled in value, while the exports increased 25 per cent.
:
~
Oils: Animal. .................... Mineral. Fixed vegetable.. . . . . . . . . . . Essential. ................... Oil-bearing materials: Castor beans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copra ...................... Flaxseed .................... Peanuts Exports
...................
.....................
.................... ...................
Animal. Mineral.. Fixed vegetable.. Essential..
............
..................
1914
1920
$1,034,000 13,666,000 28,829,000 3,492,000
$3,629,000 41 050 000 141:023:000 9,439,000
$1,388,000 81,865,000 50 039 000 5:570:000
1,139,000
3 674 000 14,'971,'OOO 76,845,000 12,382,000
1,302,000 9,951,000 9 133 000 2:371:000
3,426,000 426,349,000 96,226,000 2,230,000
603,000 535 560 000 37:017:000 1,177,000
2,395,000 10,571,000 1,899,000 822 000 152,174:000 15,624,000 b28,OOO
1921
The most striking development in the vegetable oil trade
$
~
~
~
~
.
.......
....
.
..........
Crude, ga. . . . . Refined or m
SUMMARY OF TRADE IN OrLa ARTICLBS Imports
oils:
755
T H E JOURNAL O F INDUSTRIAL AND E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Sept., 1921
Lubricating, gal Gasoline, gal. . .
146,477,342
356,542,830
355,200,756
475,143,205 '1,157,283,310 196 884 696 151:611:537 40,850,730 113,370,245
685,738,142 914,137,071 339,701,134 294,949,121 185,265,961 48,300,361
861,419,680 833,194.727 333,902,780 382 610 683 259:603:571 9,825,633
$338,956
11,048,416 141,063,943 12,482,679 159 400 618 1:136:585 4,922,781 67,781,974 $3,258,446
3,170.617 6,639,055 6,319,170 283,268 025 ssi:a77 1,594.643 5,117.605 $1,013,541
117,809 $230,557
90,255 $1,551,992
50.425 $890,472
$2,394,918 $5 046 959 97:017:065
$4994'603 74,529:394
$6 157 323
$8 851 938 $6994'605 106,411:800
Gesiduum, gal.. ........... Oils fixed vegetable: Cbcoa butter lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . Cocoznut oi1,'lbs.. ........... Corn lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cottdnseed, lb3. ............. Linseed, gal.. . Peanut lbs.. Soy-be&, lbs All other, value.. ............ Oils, distilled and essential: Peppermint, lbs .............. All other, value.. ............ Gresse:
Soap st.ock. etc., value. . . . . . . . Oleo oil. lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(0)
(9
18 281 576 192,962,079 239,198
(9 (9
756
T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D G S T R I A L AND E M G I N E E R I I ~ ~C GH E M I S T R Y
Trade in Oils, Fats and Waxes (Concluded) 2,532,821 20,952,180 Oleomargarine, lbs. , . . , . . . Paraffin: Unrefined, I b s . . . , . . . , , , 186,357,728 79,023,341 19 81,784,255 Refined,lbs................. Stearin: Animal, Ibs.. . . . . . . . , . . . 2,724,182 22,505,602 5,138,226 Vegetable, lbs . , . . . . . . 1’)
. .. . . . ..
.. . . .. . . . . Beeswax, lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Manufactures of, value, . . . . . Oil seeds and nuts: Uottoneeed, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . axseed, bu . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . rbanuts. lbs.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. -._.
6,219,165 50,121,130 203,289,734 19 177 311 1:716:313
Trade in Miscellaneous Products (C‘oiLchded) ARTICLP~S 1914 1920 Gugar a n d molasses: 51,410,271 1.54,670,200
. . . . ... .. . . .,
189,616 $848,425
Baking powder lbs.. . . . , Blacking and pblishes, value.. Candles, lbs. . . . , . , . , .
3,505,118 16,342,384 24,044 305,546 8,054,817 14,137,956 Period from Oot. 3 1913, to June 30, 1914 ‘Not stated separathy. ORES AND NETALS
4,811,313 1,481 13,149,417
e..
96,215 $112,193
,
,
,
,
SUMMARY O F TR4nr: ARTICLES Imports Antimony.. . . . . . . . . . . , .. Chromate of iron.. . . . . .. .. Copper. . . ., . . . . . , . Iron .......................... Lead ......................... Manganese. . , . , , . . . . .. Nickel ........................ P 1a tin um . . . . . . . . . . , , , . , ~~~
.
.. ... .. ... . .. . . . . . . .
. . .. . .. . . . . . ..
. .. . .
Bauxite concentrates. . . . . . . . Copper ....................... Ferrovanadium . , . . . . . . . . . . . Iron .......................... Lead . . . . . . ..... Nickel.. . . . .,... Tungsten and ferrotungsten. . Zinc.. . , , , .. . . . . .. . . . .
.
...
. . .. . . . .
IW PRINCIPALM D T h L S
1914
1920
1921
$696,000 737,000 54,506,000 11 879 000 2:057:000 1,841,000 6 110 000 3:976:000 39,422,000 114,000 616,000
f$1,284,000 1,419,000 94,310,000 12,221,000 6,8 17,000 8,086,000 6,848,000 6,990,000 93,145,000 2,589,000 965,000
$937,000 1,689,000 61,866,000 12,215,000 10, 143,000 10,200,000 4,9 71,000 6,282,000 53,248,000 468,000 1,361,000
1,102,000 616,000 149,480,000 503,000 6,261,000 2,610,000 9,404,000
5 195 000 1:709:000 127,996,000 254,000 14 454 000 4:207:000 1,144,000 58,000 22,927,000
4,107,000
995,000
1,067,000
73,199,000 916,000 11,238,000 1,275,000 57,000 2,000 3,469,878
MISCELLASEOUS PRODUCTS A better idea of the general depression in foreign trade can be gained from a study of the following table of miscellaneous products than from any of the other tables in this article. I n nearly all cases there has been a falling off from 1920. A notable exception is gunpowder, for which there is recorded a n increase from less than 2,000,000 pounds to nearly 42,000,000 pounds. Glassware did practically as well in 1921 a s in 1920, so f a r as value is concerned, and the export total f o r thi,s item is yery much higher than in 1914.
TRADE LY ~ I R C E L L 4 U E O U BPROD
