ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Advances in Chromatography.
Vol.
Q. J . Calvin Giddings, Roy A . Kel-
+
ler, Editors. xiv 380 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 95 Madison Acem e , Kew York, N . Y . 10016. 1967. 816.50.
Reviewed b y Harold H . Strain, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, I l l . 60439. This volume follows the plan and the format already established for the Advances. Owing to the various, remotely-related aspects of chromatography, there has been no special correlative objective in the selection of the subject matter. Seven essays, which comprise the volume, summarize the "hard core,' advances in their respective areas. They reflect the viewpoint and the experience of research specialists. They do not include extensive reviews or citations of all the related but diverse literature. The authors have examined their respective areas thoroughly but usually without extensive attempts to correlate their contributions with work in other areas. They have directed their presentations primarily to those n-ho already have an interest in the subject matter and who may also have considerable experience in chromatography. A e a consequence, the essays will be of greatest value to students and workers attempting to orient themselves in the areas that are considered. Because the several chapters represent diverse aspects of a complex subject, prospective readers must search out the areas that are of special or potential interest to them. The first three contributions are devoted to solution-sorption chromatography. In these treatments, efforts have been made to systematize the theory of chromatography (as in the separation of organic substances in layers of alumina and silica). Schemes for the separation of many closely related steroids have been presented, and the structure and properties of ion-exchanger cellulose have been described. The remaining chapters are devoted to various aspects of gas chromatography. These include the classification of adsorbents, the preparation and properties of packed capillary columns, mass spectrometry as a very sensitive technique for the detection and identification of the separated substances, and the properties or polarity of stationary or fixed, liquid phases. This volume of the -Advances illustrates new origins of research results.
The universities, long regarded as the primary source of research information, have provided only two of the seven articles. Four are from industrial research laboratories, and one is from a federally-supported, research laboratory. Because the isolation of substances in a state of high purity is prerequisite to many studies of their properties and because chromatography is the most widely-applicable method for the purification and isolation of various substances, it is obvious that technologically-supported research reported in the Advances is making an important contribution to basic scientific progress. Chromatography in Geology.
+
A. 8.
Ritchie, vzzi 185 pages, American Elsevzer Publishiiig Co., 5% T.'a~?erbdt Avenue, Seu! Y o r k , S.Y . 10017. 1984. $10.
Reaiewed b y S i k e Kallmann, Ledoux G Co., 359 Alfred Ave., Teaneck, N. j . 07666. Though mostly intended for the practicing geochemist, this book is of considerable value to the analytical chemist with experience in other areas of analytical chemistry who wants to add chromatography to his repertoire. As a matter of fact, more than one third of the book is devoted to a general discussion of various phenomena and techniques covering all forms of chromatography, except gas chromatography. Approximately half of the book deals with applications of chromatographic methods to geology. Very detailed procedures are provided in the section on paper chromatography, while such detail is lacking in the section on ion exchange. Topics covered are: analysis of natural waters (7 p p ) , soil, rock, and ore analysis (22 p p ) , prospecting for fine gold (2 p p ) , analysis of coal ash (2 p p ) , identification of metal ions in minerals (20 pp) , mineral identification (12 pp), analysis of magnesium limestones (1 p ) , and precipitation chromatographie methods for the determination of copper, gold, and silver (4 p p ) . The text is amply augmented by tables which summarize the color of spot., type of fluoreecence and the R f values of many metal ions. One detailed table gives the names, chemical formulae, and approximate metal proportions of important minerals and of the metal ions which can be determined by chromatographic methods.
A short section deals with the roles of such chromatographic processes as diffusion, adsorption, and ion exchange in the important geological procesees of mineral genesis. The author stresses that theories involving the roles of gels and colloids in diagenesis are largely conjectural. The book contains an appendix with brief comments on some papers which are not included in the main telrt. This section is highly fragmentary and covers papers only u p to 1962. This is not surprising, since the book apparently was finished in 1963. One topic which would be of considerable interest to every practicing geochemist is not corered in the hook: viz., the impact of atomic absorption methods on geochemical teeting. A A methods are being highly acclaimed for geological testing purposes, and a comparison of the salient features of -4-4 and chromatographic techniques would have been most desirable. Hov-ever, a short and moderately priced book like this cannot possibly be all things to all men. Within the framework of its title, it represents a valuable contribution to geochemical analysis. Paper Chromatography and Electrophoresis. Vol. 1 : Electrophoresis in Stabilizing Media. Guiiter
+
420 Ziceig, John R.Whitaker. zii paqes. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., Seu! York. 'z'.Y . 10003. 1961. 816.50.
Reviewed b y R . D . Strickland, Research Division, Veterans Adininistration Hospital, Albuquerque, New iMexico 871 08. This book is devoted to the practical aspects of electrophoresis in supporting media. The descriptions given of the apparatus, solutions, media, and techniques used for separating, detecting, and measuring amines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and related compounds, organic acids, organic phosphates, and phenols are usually detailed enough to permit electrophoresis of these substances without recourse to the 638 references that h a r e been cited. Less complete hut useful directions are given for separating aldehydes and ketones, alkaloids, antibiotics, choline esters and phospholipid derivatives, coenzymes and vitamins, dyes, natural pigments, steroids, and inorganic ions. The 122 supporting litcrature citations for these eections are well selected. VOL. 39, NO. 14, DECEMBER 1967
75 A
BEST IN PURITY T o qualify as Instrument Mercury, the total residue after complete evaporation of a 200 gram sample may not exceed one part impurity per ten million. All BETHLEHEM Instrument Mercury fully meets this rigid standard-and prover it with the analysis certification included in each shipment.
4 4
CONTINUOUS VACUUM, TRIPLE DISTILLATION ALL BETHLEHEM I N S T R U M E N T MER. CURY IS PURIFIED IN THESE STILLS which operate in three continuous stages under vacuum and controlled low temperature.
BEST IN PACKAGING BETHLEHEM Instrument Mercury is avail. able in five different polyethylene bottler, with plain cap on the 16-lb. and 65-lb. bottles, and the unique dispensing tip o n the 9-02., l.lb., and 6-lb. sizes. ( F i r e and 104b. glass bottles are also available.)
BEST IN SERVICE BETHLEHEM exchanges dirty or scrap mer. cury f o r Instrument Mercury. W e supply empty flasks free for safe storage and in. expensive shipment to US.
Over one million pounds shipped fo manufacturers, research laborafories process and control indusfries,
BETHLEHEM APPARATUS COMPANY, INC, HELLERTOWN, PA.
I
Circle NO. 10 on Readers’ Service Card
For frll I-formation M i t e or call
Circle No. 79 on Readers’ Service Card
76A
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
under varied conditions, for representatives from each class of compounds appear throughout the text. This unique feature will be most helpful for locating and identifying substances, once separations have been achieved. Virtually no consideration is given to the clinical or biochemical interpretation of results. Preparative methods recei7-e little attention. The description of immunochemical methods is inadequate and the sections on enzymes and hemoglobins are much too limited. The theoretical discussion is elementary and occupies only 14 pages. Within these limitations, this is a good manual for laboratorians. The Chemistry of Non-Aqueous Solvents. Volume II. Acidic And Basic Solvents. J . J . Lagowski, Ed.
+
398 pages. Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., A’ew Y o r k , lV. Y. 10005. 1967. $18.60.
xv
Reviewed b y Jacob Kleinberg, Universify of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. The first volume of this series had as its subtitle “Principles and Techniques” and was concerned only incidendly with the consideration of specific nonaqueous solvents. I n the current book, six of the seven cliapters deal with specific acidic or basic solvent systems: “Liquid Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Bromide, and Hydrogen Iodide,” by Frank Klanberg; “Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride as a Solvent and a Medium for Chemical Reactions,” by Martin Kilpatrick and John G. Jones: “Sulfuric Acid,” by W. H. Lee; “Nitric Acid,” by IT, H. Lee; “Amides,” by Joe W. Yaughn; and “Liquid Ammonia,” by J. J. Lagowski and G. A. Moczygemba. “The Physical Properties of Metal Solutions in Non-$queous Solvents,” by J. C. Thompson, constitutes the remaining chapter. S o t unexpectedly, the section on the heavier liquid hydrogen halides, HC1, HBr, and H I , covers primarily the first of these compounds. The difficulty in obtaining liquid hydrogen bromide and iodide in quantity in the pure condition, along with their instability, militates against their use as solvents. Even the literature on liquid hydrogen chloride is meager, most of it dating from 1933 when-there was a revival of interest in species containing the HC1,ion. A description of reactions in liquid hydrogen chloride makes up about half the chapter. Most of the reactions are of the acid-base type and are considered from the viewpoint that the solvent undergoes the following self-ionization.
