INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
May, 1924
527
Patent Reference Sources‘ By Julian F. Smith2 THEB. F. GOODRICH Co.,AKRON,OHIO
which give patent protection (list taken from
A-Countries
Patent and Trade Mark Review, November, 1922). Countries in italics issue printed copies of complete specifications. Gambia
Argentina
Germany
Australia Austria
Bahamas Barbados Basutolarid Belgian C!ongo Belgium Bermuda Bolivia Brazil British Guiana British Honduras British North Borneo Bulgaria
Haiti
Holland
Honduras Hong Kong Hungary
India Italy
Jamaica Japan Jodhpur Johore Jugoslavia Kedah Kelantan Korea
DanziK Deccai
Denmark
Domin1ca.n Republic
Falkland Islands Federated Malay States Fiji Islands Finland
B-Official
Great Britain
Greece Grenada Guatemala
Iceland
Canada Ceylon Channel Islands Chile China Cochin Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia
France
Gibraltar Gilbert and Ellice Islands Gold Coast Colony
Latvia Leeward Islands Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxemburg iMalta Mauritius Mexico Morocco Mysore Newfoundland New Guiana
New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Xyasaland Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Porto Rico Portugal and Colonies Rhodesia Rumania
St. Helena St. Lucia St. Vincent Salvador Sarawak Seychelles Islands Shan States Siam Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Spain Straits Settlements Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Travancore Trinidad and Tobago Tunis Turkey Uganda Protectorate Union of South Africa
United States
Uruguay Venezuela Virgin Islands Zanzibar
publications of patent offices:
Note.-The numbers after each item refer t o libraries having at least a partial file; italic numbers indicate t h a t the library in question also has a file of the printed patents of the country referred to (numbers correspond to the numbered list of libraries a t the end of this compilation). ~-A.RG&NTINA: Palentas de Inuencion, 1 , 2 , 3 ; Marcas de Fabrica, 1,2,3. Australian Oficial Journal of Patents (1904 t o date), 2-AUSTRALIA: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Australian Oficzal Journal of Trade Marks, I , 2. 3-AUSTluA: Oesterreichisches Patentblatt (1899 to date), 1 , 2, 5; Zentral Marken-Anseiger, 1. 4-RELGIUM: Recueil de brevets d’lnuention (1854 to date), 1, 2, 4,8; Monzteur Belge, 1; Recueil Oficiel de Marques de Fabrique, 1. &BRAZIL: Diario OJicial, 1. B-CANADA: “Abridgments” (from 1824), 2; Canadian Patent Ofice Record (1873 to date), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 15; Canadian Trade M a v k s , 1. 7-CHILE: Boletin de la Sociedad de Fomento Fabril, 1. &CUBA: Boletin Oficial de Marcas y Patentes, 1. 9-CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Patent7i Vestnik, 1. IO-DENMARK: Dansk Patenttidende, 1, 2. II-FINLAND: Registertidning, 1. ~Y-FRANCE:Bulletin Oficial de la Proprilt% Industrielle et Commerciale, 1 , 2 , 5 . I~-GERMANY: Patentblatt (1880 to date), I, 2, 3. 8, 11, 12; Ausziige aus den I’atcntschriften (1877 to date), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11; Waarenzeichenblatt, 1, 2, Blatt f u r Patent., Muster-, und Zeichenwesen. GREAT BRITAIN: “Abridgments of Specifications” (1617 to date), 1,2,3,4,5,7, 10,11,13,14,15, “Subject Matter Indexes,” 1,2, 11;Illustrated Oficial Journal, 1, 2. 3, 4, 7,11; Reports of Patent. Design and Trade Mark Cases, Trade Mark Journal, 1. 2. ~ ~ - - H U N G A R Y : Patentblatt, 2. 16-INDIA: Patent Ofice Journal, I, 2. 17-ITALY: Bollettino della Proprieta Intellettuale, 1, 2 ; Bollettino d e i Marchi d i Fabbrica, 1. 1 2
Received December 7, 1923 Technical librarian.
~S-JAPAN: Oficial Gazette (patents), 1, 2;
Models and Designs, 1;
Trade 1varks3 2. I~-MEXICO: Gazeta Olpicid de Patentes y Marcas, 1, 3. 2&xETHERLANDS: Octrooiraad Nederland, De Industrielle Eigendom, 1. 2. 21-NEW SOUTH WALES: Letters of Registration of Inoentions (not now being published) 1866-79, 2, 4. 22-N~w ZEALAND:Patent Ofice Journal, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 7, 8. 23--hro~w~y: Novske Tidende f. det Industriell Rittsvern, 1. 24-PE~u: Registro OJicial de Fomento, 1. Apendice a0 Diario do Governo, 1, 2. 25-PORTUGAL: Monitor Polski, 1. 26-POLAND: Swob, Privileg, 1, 2 , 5. 27-RUSSIA: ~S-SPAIN: Boletin Oficial de la Propriedad Industrial, 1, 2. SOUTH AFRICA: Union of South Africa Government Gazette, 1. ~ O ~ W E D E N Beskrivning : (complete specifications), 1, 2. 31-sWITZERLAND: PatentliSk?, 1, 2, 4, 5,’ PrOpYidld Industrielle, 1: Marques Industrielles, 1: “Register” (annual index), 1, 2, 4. 32-uNITED STATES: OfiCial Gazette (1872 t o date), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 9, 10,11,12,14, 15; “Commissioners Decisions,” 1, 2, 3, 5, 11,15; “Annual Report of t h e Commissioner,” 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6,7. 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 14, 15. VICTORIA: Abstracts of Specifications (not now being published) (1864-66), 2, 4.
Note on publication of abridgments or abstracts.-The patent journals of the United States, Canada, and England use a strictly numerical arrangement of patent abstracts or abridgments; those of France, Germany, Austria, a n d various other countries arrange the patents according to the official classification in use in their respective patent offices. The British Patent Office issues the abridgments separately, however, in classified form. Beginning with 1855, these were issued in 146 classes, in 9 periods ending in 1908. Beginning with 1909, t h e 146 classes were subdivided into 271; abridgments in these 271 classes were issued for the period 1909-15 and are being issued for the period 1916-20. The British Patent Office has published t h e following indexes: Names, 1617-1852. Names, annually from 1853 to date. Subject matter, 1617-1852. Subject matter, annually from 1853 t o date. Numbers (proceedings advertised) annually from 1901-16. List of patents in force, annually from 1917 to date. Quarterly subject matter index of accepted complete Specifications (by subscription). Fifty years subject index (1861-1910).
C-Other subjects:
patent publications.
1-Friedlaender,
(I) Compilations on special
“Fortschritte der Teerfarbenfabrikation,” 1877 (Vol.
12, 1914-16). 2-Metz, “Yearbook for Dyers and Colorists” (annual from about 1900). a-winther, “Patente der organischen Chemie,” 1877 t o 1906. (U. S. patents indexed by number t o about 1908, others to 1905.) 4-Worden, “Technology of Cellulose Esters.” &Examiners of divisions in the U. S. Patent Office sometimes collect for their own use patents in their divisions. They are called Unofficial Examiners’ Lists. By courtesy of t h e examiners, such collections may sometimes be consulted by accredited persons in the examiner’s office. 6-Classified files of U. S. patents, available in the U. S. Patent Office. 7-Heumann, “Anilinfarben und ihre Fabrikation” (digests of German dye patents up to 1904). S-Bedford and Winkelmann, “Systematic Survey of Rubber Chemistry” (patents indexed by numbers, names, and subjects).
(11) Bibliographies for patent searches: 1-Repevtoviurn der technischen Journal-Literatur (1823-1907). Taken over about 1877 as a n official publication of the German Patent Office; taken over in 1907 by a private organization and continued under the name Forlschritte der Technik, which see. 2-Fortschvitte der Technik. Published privately as successor t o Regertorium der technischen Journal-Literafur for a few years following 1907. 3-Card index in the Scientific Library of the U. S. Patent Office. Has over a million cards, including a formula index based on the Hill system (now used in the formula index of Chemical Abstrocts). This is one of the most comprehensive indexes in existence. 4-Kunststofe (a periodical devoted to the manufacture and use of chemicals and chemically treated products) frequently contains bibliographies and patent lists on special chemical subjects.
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
528
(111) Periodicals abstracting chemical patents (selected list) : 1-Chemical Abstracts, 1907 to date (numerical indexes 1912-14 only). 2-Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1882 to date (numerical indexes of British patents since 1901, and of others since 1916). 3-Chemisches Zentralblatl (has numerical indexes of German patents; five-year collective indexes from 1897 on). 4-Chemisches Reperlorium (abstract section of Chemiker-Zeitung until replaced by Chemisch-technischc Ubersicht) gave fairly complete number list of patents for all the principal nations. 5-Zeitschrift fur angewandte Chemie (1888 t o date) (has annual numerical indexes of German patents). 0-Wagner’s Jahresbericht ilber die Leistungen den chemischen Technologic (numerical indexes of German patents annually from 1888). 7-L’industrie chimipue (1914 to date), French patents chiefly. 8-Reuue des produils chimiques (1898 to date). 9-Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colorists. 10-Monthly Abstvacl Bulletin (Eastman Kodak Company). of the Chemical Society (numerical indexes of patents of 11-Journal principal nations annually from 1913; but not many patents are abstracted). 12-Dingler’s Polytechnisches Journal.
(IV) Handbooks, etc. (selected list) : 1-Macomber, “Engineer’s Handbook of Patents.” 2-Thomas, “Chemical Patents” (1916). 3-Fairweather, “Foreign and Colonial Patent Laws” (1910). 4-Walker, “Patent Laws of the United States.” 5-Ephraim, “Deutsches Patentrecht fur Chemiker” (1907). 6-“Rules of Practice” (U. S. Patent Office). 7-Lg.nch, “Canadian Patent Office Practice” (1909). &“Manual of Classification” (U. S. Patent Office). 9-“Manual of Classification of the German Patent Office.” edition of 1910 (translated into English by Lovett, and issued by the U. S. Patent Office). IO-“Key to the Classification of the Patent Specifications of France, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland’’ (third edition, published by the British Patent Office). 1I-“Abridgment Class and Index Key” (British Patent Office). la-Samter, “Physikalische Cbemie und das Patentrecht” (in Vol. 21, 1917, of Ahren’s “Sammlung Chemische technischer Vortragen”). la-Witt, “Chemische Homologie und Isomerie” (discussion as related t o patent laws and practice). 14-Barrows, “Patent Law of Interest to Chemists” (series in course of CHEMISTRY, 15, publication: first paper in INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING 80 (1923). I5--”Guides to the Patent Office Library” (London). These include AA-BE, Reference works; BF-BL, Patent and Copyright Laws; ZC-ZQ, chemistry. 16-Kraetzger, “Ausftihrungszwang in Patentrecht.”
(V)
IO-John Crerar Library (Chicago). 11-Chicago Public Library. 18-St. Louis Public Library. 13-Mercantile Library (St. Louis). 14-Rose Polytechnic Institute Library (Terre Haute). 15-Grosvenor Library (Buffalo).
Importance of Position in Weather Tests1I2 By Percy H. Walker BUREAU
E
(VI) Periodicals devoted t o patent law, patent office practice, and related subjects: 1-Journal 8-Patent
of the Patent O f i c e Society (Washzngton). and Trade Mark Review ( N e w York).
(VII) Library list (some libraries in the United States having partial or complete files of patent publications) : 1-Scientific Library, U. S. Patent Office (Washington). 2-New York Public Library (New York City). 3-Public Library of the City of Boston. 4-Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. 5-Library of the Franklin Institute (Philadelphia). 6-New York State Library (Albany). 7-Library of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison). 8-Columbia University Library (Pu’ew York City). +Yale University Library (New Haven).
O F STANDARDS,
WASHINGTON, D.
c.
XPOSURE tests on paints consume so much time that it
is especially important to consider all factors which tend to increase or decrease the time required. Of all the factors entering in weather tests for paints, sunlight is by far the most important. Test panels should‘therefore be exposed so as to get the maximum sunlight. Several years ago the writer’s laboratory adopted an inclination of 45 degrees facing south as the standard position, and until as late as February, 1924, no objection to this plan was heard. Since some well-known experts now insist that exposure tests be made in a vertical position, it seems advisable to point out the advantages of the inclined position. It is obvious that a fixed plate anywhere in the northern hemisphere will receive the greatest amount of illumination averaged for all hours of the day and all days of the year if placed facing south and a t an angle to the horizontal the same as the latitude of the place of exposure. Paul R. Heyl, of the Bureau of Standards, has kindly furnished average values calculated for all hours of the day and all days of the year of the relative normal intensity a t 45 degrees as compared with the theoretical slope and also the relative normal intensity on a vertical surface compared to the 45-degree surface a t the various selected latitudes, The table gives these values for practically extreme points in the United States.
Dates of first patent grants, and early patent records:
I-GREAT BRITAIN: 1617. “Abridgments and Specifications” with Indexes, 1617 t o date. 2-Ux1TED STATES: 1790. “Patent Office Index,” “Reports,” etc. 1790 to date. Q-FRANCE: 1791. Index, 1791 to date; Abridgments, 1791 to date. I-CANADA: 1824, Abstracts of patents, 1824 t o date. SPAIN IN: 1833. 6-AUSTRIA: 1854. Patenl O.& Index, 1854 to date. ~-BELGIUM: 1854. Recuefl des breuets, 1854 to date. 8-BOLIVIA: 1858. ~-ARGENTINA: 1864. ~C--ITALY: 1864. I l - C o ~ o ~ s r ~ 1869. : 12-PERU: 1869. 13-GERMANY: 1877. 14-RUSSIA: 1896. 15-AUSTRALIA: 1903. 16-JAPAN: 1905. I ~ - H o L L A ~ D : 1912 (repealed act of 1869 prohibiting the grant of patents).
Vol. 16, No. 5
NORTH LATITUDE
RATIOO F NORMAL INTENSITY Ratio Normal Intensity Exposed a t 45’ t o T h a t when Exposed a t Latitude Angle 0.999 0.999 0,998 0.995 0.974 0.961 0.934
Ratio Normal Intensity when Exposed in Vertical Position to T h a t when p p o s e d a t 45 0.74 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.53 0.48 0.41
It will be noted that the relative normal intensity a t the theoretical slope differs from that a t the 45-degree slope by less than 1 per cent for all points in the United States north of Washington and by less than 7 per cent for all points between Key West and Seattle. It will be further noted that in the northern part of the United States the normal intensity on a vertical surface is less than three-fourths, and in the southern part of the United States less than one-half that on a surface a t 45 degrees. It is not easy to make racks a t odd angles such as 41, 39 degrees, etc. Hence in the United States it is advisable to make all weather exposure tests facing south and inclined a t an angle of 45 degrees. Since writing the above the author finds that Pulsifer3 states that a panel exposed a t an angle of 45 degrees facing south will perish in about one-half the time of an exactly similar panel exposed vertically, and a panel exposed vertically facing north will last approximately twice as long as one exposed vertically facing south. Presented before the Section of Paint and 1 Received April 14, 1924. Varnish Chemistry a t the 67th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.. April 21 t o 26, 1924. 2 Published by permission of the Director of the Bureau of Standards 0 the U. S. Department of Commerce. 8 Drugs, Oils, and Paints, 39, 356 (1924).
