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T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vol.
11,
FALL MEETING AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
PHlLADELPHIA MEETING TO HAIL DAWN OF NEW ERA
No. 8
I
The indications are that there will be at least two thousand members present, for Philadelphia is so close to the chemical American chemical independence will be proclaimed this center of the Union, that all roads will lead to it. As the greatest of the applied sciences enters upon its enlarged mission, the opautumn within sight of that historic hall where the people of portunities for conference and for getting in touch with the these United States declared their national autonomy. Philadelphia, birthplace of industrial chemistry on this side newest ideas both in theoretical and industrial chemistry afforded of the Atlantic, on September z to 6 welcomes the AMERICAN by this fall meeting are likely to be grasped by a large number of the SOCIETYmembership. The fact that the Philadelphia CHEMICAL SOCIETY which in the last five years has done so much meeting is held in the vacation time of chemists who are also t o arouse America to the value of chemistry as a national asset. instructors in schools and colleges, will make it unusually atThe fifty-eighth meeting which next month convenes in the tractive to educators, many of whom have declared they will City of Penn undoubtedly will be the most significant which attend. has ever been held. It will be one which none can afford to The local committee, therefore, urges that all who are planning miss, because it will be the starting point of important new move- to go will see to their hotel reservations as soon as possible. ments and the rallying place for leaders in the era of reconstrucThe official headquarters will be the Bellevue-Stratford, the tion now upon us. entire first floor of which has been engaged by the SOCIETY Scores of processes and discoveries which were the direct for its deliberations. As the Knights Templar are holding their outcome of war emergency measures will now have their applica- annual convention in Philadelphia the following week, and some tion to the arts of peace, Officers of the Chemical Warfare are likely to appear before the formal conclave, the sooner memService of the United States will be present to tell of develop- bers of the SOCIETY get into communication with the hotels the ments which came under their personal observation and many better. new applications of new-found knowledge will be suggested. Dr. Charles L. Parsons, the Secretary of the SOCIETY, before So much impressed is the Honorable Newton D. Baker with he left for Europe made a survey of the rooms a t the Bellevuethe relation of chemistry, science of sciences, both to the military Stratford with the local committee. The general meetings will and industrial strength of the country, that he has accepted an be held in the grand ballroom and on the same floor are cominvitation to address the meeting. Several other government modious apartments which can be employed by the various officials may also be present, including Mr. A. Mitchell Palmer, sections. The Red Room, the Clover Room, the Green Room, Attorney General of the United States. The occasion will and similar rooms will accommodate from 60 to zoo persons each have as its keynote the recognition of the services of chemistry and will thus serve excellently for committee and divisional and in all branches of commerce and industry. sectional sessions. When Dr. William H. Nichols delivers his annual address he The Provisional Program which has been issued from the office of the Secretary contains many indications of the far-reaching will stand in the auditorium of the museum of the University of Pennsylvania. The going OF the SOCIETYto this historic interest of the discussions and papers. The recently organized Dye Section will have its first meet- university where great leaders of modern industrial chemistry ings. The revolution which has come upon chemical and labored for the cause of science and industry is significant. The color industry of the nation it is expected will be exemplified eminent historian of American chemistry, Provost Edgar F. in many ways during the sessions of this young and vigorous Smith, has told the scientific world of the great work done in organization. The taking over of 4500 patents by the Chemical this institution by such leaders as Dr. Benjamin Rush, Dr. Foundation, Inc., the development of new processes, and the de Normandie, Robert Hare and other chemists of renown. general policy with regard to this industry into which suitable Here the visitor may trace the footsteps of such pioneers of the profession as Priestly and Silliman. legislation will breathe the breath of life, will draw the attention The tremendous strides which American chemistry made not only of the members of the profession but of all divisions of during the war and its ability to maintain itself against all foreign manufacturing and chemistry. Prominent speakers will discuss reforms in our patent laws competition under fair conditions, will be visualized in visits in a symposium which has been arranged in which the newly to the great chemical plants in the vicinity, all of which will formed Dye Section and the Pharmaceutical Division will unite be open to visiting delegates. Among the excursions planned is a trip by boat down the with the Division of Industrial Chemists and Chemical Engineers. One of the objects of this interchange will be t o devise Delaware so that visitors may get a good view, not only of the means to exterminate the patent pirates who for years have been important chemical establishments there, but also of the Hog Island Shipyard and the League Island Navy Yard. preying upon inventors. The files of the Patent Office show that it is burdened with all manner of patents granted to men who There will also be a trip by automobile to Valley Forge and the have never used them and have never intended to employ them scenes hallowed by the ragged Continentals under Washington. except to prevent others from using them. It is proposed that The social side of the Philadelphia meeting will be most atthe requiring of an annual renewal fee would prevent this un- tractive. Members bringing their wives and daughters will welcome class from levying tribute. find many ways devised by a city famed for its hospitality to The recently organized Rubber Division will also have many make their stay enjoyable. Mrs. Harry F. Keller has accepted new developments which will interest the technical men in many the chairmanship of the Ladies’ Committee. industries. For the men, the smoker to be held at the Scottish Rite Hall A special topic will be “Refractories” taken up by the Division a t Broad and Race streets, will have diverting features besides the appearance of Princess Nicotine. of Industrial Chemists and Chemical Engineers. An elaborate program is under consideration by the Division The clubs of the city and various social organizations are of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, for the chemist in these seconding the efforts of the entertainment committee of the local days, when the high cost of living must be put down in some section to make the Philadelphia meeting a calendar of red letter days. way, will be called on for suggestions and advice. By JOHN WALKERHARRINGTON
A u ~ . ,1919
T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
PROVISIONAL PROGRAM FALL MEETING AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA
SEPTEMBER 2-6, 1919 Tuesday, September 2 4.00 P.M.--Council Meeting, Bellevue-Stratford 6.30 P.M.--Dinner to the Council at the Bellevue-Stratford, tendered by the Philadelphia Section Wednesday, September 3 10.00 A M.--General Meeting, Bellevue-Stratford Ball Room
Address of Welcome Response Business Meeting General Addresses 2.00 P.M.--Divisional Meetings 8 00 P M.--Smoker, Scottish Rite Hall, Broad and Race Streets, Phila. delphia Thursday, September 4 Morning: Divisional Meetings Afternoon: Excursions 8 30 P.M.--President's Address, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania Friday, September 5 Morning: Divisional Meetings Afternoon: Divisional Meetings 7 00 P.M.--Banquet, Bellevue-Stratford Ball Room Saturday, September 6 Morning: Excursions Aflernoon: Automobile Trip to Valley Forge
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NEWS SYNOPSES As a direct outgrowth of the important services rendered by the chemists of the United States both in the European War and in these days of reconstruction, the newspaper press is showing a deep interest in all chemical matters. The Philadelphia Section, in order to assist the lay press in the preparation of reports of the approaching Philadelphia meeting which will be complete, accurate, and dignified, is financing the publicity work. The Press Room to be established a t the Bellevue-Stratford will be in charge of Mr. John Walker Harrington, an experienced newspaper man who is also connected with the A. C. S. News Service. Members presenting papers which are likely to be of a special interest to the general public would greatly facilitate the work of the press bureau if they would furnish synopses in non-technical language or send such upon request. Carbon copies of the entire paper may also be sent from which condensations can be made and submitted to the authors for revision, if desired. These synopses are for distribution in advance to press associations and newspaper representatives subject to release after their delivery. They may be sent either to the office of the Secretary or forwarded to Dr. C. H . Herty, Director, A. C. S.News Service, 35 East 41st Street, N'ew York City.
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES TENTATIVE STANDARD METHODS FOR THE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL SOAPS AND SOAP PRODUCTS To the Division of Industrial Chemists and Chemical Engineers of the American Chemical Society: Your Committee on the Methods of Analysis and Specifications of Commercial Soaps and Soap Products begs leave to report as follows: Tentative standard methods for the sampling and analysis of commercial soaps and soap products were unanimously adopted April 8, 1919, and typewritten copy of the same is herewith submitted for publication in the Journal of Industrial and -Engineering Chemistry. The purpose of publishing these tentative methods is to elicit suggestions and criticisms from the soap and soap products industry. All such communications should be addressed to Archibald Campbell, Chairman, care of the Globe Soap Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, and will be referred to the Committee. The personnel of your Committee is a t present as follows: C. P. LONG
J. R . POWELL ROBT E. DIVINE
PERCYH. WALKER ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Chairman
Your Committee has been unable to agree in several instances on one method of analysis and has reported alternative methods; and it proposes to do more cooperative work to test out the relative merits of these various methods as well as any others suggested, preparatory to adopting standard methods for the sampling and analysis of commercial soaps and soap products and of recommending the same to the Supervisory Committee for adoption by our SOCIETY. Your Committee therefore recommends that it be continued in existence by the Division until this work is completed. SAMPLING
Take samples from a t least 3 per cent of the containers, taking one bar, or package, or in bulk goods, a t least '/2 lb., or l / z pt. in case of liquid soap, from each container. In quantities of less than IOO containers, take a t least three samples. Wrap bar samples tightly in paraffined paper a t once, and seal by rubbing edges with a heated iron. If possible, place the wrapped bar in an air-tight container, in which it should fit very closely.
Chip soap and powders are to be sealed air tight in completely filled containers. Liquid soap is to be placed in clean, dry bottles or cans which should be completely filled and securely stoppered with new corks. All samples should be kept cool until tested. In drawing sample of bar, cake, or package goods, the gross weight of final sample to be sent to any one laboratory shall be recorded at the time of taking and sealing. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
SOAP-Run complete separate analyses on 2 5 per cent of the individual bars taken and in no case run less than two analyses. The average of these analyses is to be taken as that of the lot. For these analyses, quarter the bar by cutting a t right angles in the center and shave equally from all freshly cut surfaces sufficient soap for the analyses. In case of soaps that can be easily powdered, the entire sample may be run through a suitable food chopper. LIQUID SOAP-NO preparation of the sample, other than thorough mixing, is necessary unless it is received during very cold weather, when it should be allowed to stand a t least I hr. after it has warmed. up to room temperature (zoo to 30' C.) before it is noted whether it forms a satisfactory lather. POWDERED AND CHIP SOAPS-Rapidly disintegrate and mix the sample and weigh out all the portions for the analyses. Unused portions of the original sample shall be preserved in sealed air-tight containers in a cool place. BAR
ANALYSIS
SOAP, FATTY ANHYDRIDE-DiSsolve I O g. of soap in about IOO cc. of water in a weighed 400 cc. Erlenmeyer flask. When solution is complete, add dilute sulfuric acid in slight excess, insert a small funnel in the neck of the flask, and heat the flask on a steam bath until the fatty acids float on top in a clear, oily layer. Avoid a higher temperature than 80' C. Allow to cool. For the extraction of the fatty acids, redistilled gasoline of boiling point below 6 5 O C. should be used. Pour the contents of the flask, both fatty acids and acid water, into a 300 cc. Squibb's separatory funnel, washing out any adhering fat from the flask with gasoline, and make the first separation, saving the acid water for further extractions, using 50 to 75 cc. gasoline. Wash the gasoline solution in the separatory funnel two or three times with small amounts COMBINED ALKALI, NEUTRAL
