Each frame, or step, is tiny, but the longest journey begins with a single step. Here the steps are not only consecutive so that there is no trouble following, but the repetition and practice appear at such intervals that one gets the impression the program was woven, and the ideas emerge as a single fabric. The very facts which make a program successful will also make it appear at first glance as something "too simple!' The clarity and exact statement and brevity of each frame also make that frame very easy indeed to criticize, hut the ease of criticism results from its being immediately clear and understandsble. A Teachers Manual of 44 pages is meant to be used as the students go through the text. The Manual begins with a dirrcussion of program design and how to use the program. Data is then given on the test performance of 12 students who worked through the finished program, to provide a guide as to what the teacher can reasonably expeot in the way of student performance. This is followed by 10 lesson plans, with suggested reading assignments in standard texts for the students, topics to discuss and how to discuss them far the teacher, and suggested experiments in detail to illustrate various ideas in the program. Drill material, reference data, and suggested tests are included. As the art of programing develops, better programs will be written, hut none more skilfully. This program is of the linear type, and has all the faults and strengths that go with linear programing. JESSE H. DAY Ohio Univemitg Athens
In pursuing this theme Dr. Booth may have gone alittle too far, as he writes: "Another primary objective has been that of clarity, many of the concepts of physical science . . . [are] presented at the This level of the non-science major." attempt appears to have led to an approach too unsophisticated for the college student who has already had one or two courses in physical science. The chapters given to chemistry emphsr siee the principles and theories and minimize "descriptive chemistry!' The chapter titled The Chemiatry of Carbon with its outline of organic chemistry could be called descriptive, and one wonders how much of it would be normally retained. Although he makes a point of using the atomic weight scale based on carbon-12 "in a text book for the first time," the author unfortunately did not use this scale in his Periodic Table. At one place he uses the upper left corner for the mass number accompanying symbols of elements but reverts to the upper right when discussing isotopes. In spite of such minor inconsistencies as have been cited, this book is one of the better texts in this field for the aboveaverage student. EDWARD M. COLLINS Denison University G~anville.Ohio
Infrared Spedm of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds
Kamo Nakamoto, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. John Wiley and 328 Sons, Inc., New York, 1963. xii pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm.
+
$9.50
Physical Science: A Study of Matter and Energy
Verne H . Booth, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York. The Macmillan Co. (a. division of the CrowellCollier Publishing Co.), .New York, 1962. xv 713 pp. Figs. and tables. 19 X 23.5 cm. $7.95.
+
Since the introduction of survey courses in physical science, there have been almost as many different approaches and emphaserr as there have been courses offered. Dr. Booth begins, as many others do, with astronomy. He follows with physics, chemistry and geology in that order. To each of these respeotive fields he devotes approximately 15,35,35, and 15% of the text. In his preface he states his main purpose: to achieve continuity and "the highest degree of integration.'' In this undertaking whioh amounts to paying out "the continuous thread that holds the course together, gossamer though it may often be," he has been largely successful. Concerning the problem of integrating fundamental geological processes he admits frankly that "there is no good way to do it." "Matter and Energy," as embodied in the title, become the integrating theme.
The author appears to have made a comprehensive review of the literature of the infrared investigations of inorganic and coordination compounds. Over 1000 references a n cited. The book consists of three parts and five appendices, and containa 73 tables and 74 figures and illustrations. The filgt part presents a minimum amount of the theory of vibrations and normal coordinate tnatment. Symmetry elements and point groups, selection rules and an introduction to group theory are discussed. The second part covers the infrared spectra of.inorganic compounds from XY to XY8 molecules. The classification in this section is based on the symmetry and point groups of the molecules. Tables and several typical spectra complement the written discussion. The third part compiles the infrared data of coordination compounds. The classification in this section is based on the kind of ligands involved in the complex. Again many tables and spectra are presented. The five appendices consist of Point Groups and Their Character Tables, The G and F Matrix Elements of Typical Molecules, A Normal Coordinate Treatment of Metal Acetylacetonates, A Conversion Table for Wave Number and Wave Length, and Group Frequency Charts.
All appear very useful, although the appendix on normal coordinate treatment of a complex molecule such as a metal acetylacetonate might be too advanced for beginners. A treatment involving simpler molecules might in- be of more aeneral . terest. The book is very well organized, and is a distinct improvement over previous hooks on this subject. It will be of interest to spectroscopists and inorganic chemists, and will be very vdua,hle as a reference or for supplemental reading in graduate sad advanced undergraduate courses. JOHNR. FERRARO Arqonne N a t i m l Laboratory A~gonne,Illinois
Physical and Chemical Methods of Separation
Eugene W .Berg, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Ine., New York, 1963. Figs. and 366 pp. 16 X 23.5 em. tables. xiv $12.50.
+
The author has accomplished his goal of assembling material suitable "for a course in separation techniques to be taught a t the advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate level in chemistry.'' The breadth of the coverage is indicated by the chapter headings: Introduction; Fraetional Distillation and Sublimation; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Adsorption Chromatography; Gas Chromatography; Paper Chromatography; Electroehromatography (Zone Electrophoresis); The Ring-Oven Technique; Zone Melting; Ion Exchange; Ion Exclusion; Dialysis; Electrodialysis and Ion-Exchange Membranes; Precipitation; Coprecipitation, Adsorption and Postprecipiti~tion;Flotation; Biological Methods; Elimination of Undesired Reactions Through Use of Sequestering (Maskihg) Agents. The author briefly attempts to justify the order in which he treats the subjects, largely on an operational basis. Those who might disagree will find that each chapter can stand quite well by itself. I t did come as a surprise to find adsorption heing defined and properties of surfaces heing discussed in detail for the first time under flotation when an understanding of these topics was nquired for earlier chapters (4 and 15). An expert within a particular discipline will undoubtedly feel unhappy to find his specialty limited to an average of 20 pages. For example, the important contribution of Rieman and coworkers with respect to calculation of the minimum number of plates required far a given ion-exchange separation is not included. The pressure for brevity has also led the author to omit necessary qualifications of his statements. For example, on p. 69 he indicates that a solute in a Craigtype counter-current extraction follows the normal curve of error when the number of tubes is greater than 25. Such a statement is, of course, dangerously misleading if the distribution coefficient is not close to unity. Likewise, the term Rt is defined
Volume 40, Number 9, September 1963
/
501
in two (inconsistent) ways on pp. 82 and 115, the latter now being generally preferred. Ilespite such shortcomings, the book provides an excellent introduction to a. wide variety of techniques. It will be most useful to students and to "practicing chemists who are unfamiliar with the more recent innovations in the field of separations."
Purdue University Lajayette, Indiana
Topics In Chemical Physics: Based on the Haward Lecturer of Peter Debye
AlfredPmck, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, and Gladys McConkey, Cornell University, Ithaea, New York. American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., 277 pp. FigNew York, 1962. vi ures. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $11.
+
Attending a lecture by Professor Debye is an experience similar to the hearing of a great concert artist for a music lover. Having a well transcribed set of lecture notes for his Hmvard Lectures is like having a good recording of the concert. The suthors of this book have performed a useful service to the reader in capturing the beauty, simplicity and physical insight of Debye's presentation. The lectures cover most of the fields of Debye's important contributions in studies of polar molecules in gaseous and condensed phases, diffraction and scattering and solutions of electrolytes. They do not discuss contributions to the statistical mechanics of solids. The level of presentation is suitable for chemistry and physics seniors and first year graduate students and is characterized by Debye's intuitive approach in which liberal use is made of physical reasoning t o ease the way past difficult mathem&x. This approach, while satisfying to the beginning student, is also gratifying to the experienced scientist in its providing insight into the reasoning processes of a great master. Those wishing more complete derivations will find the many appendices of value. Many subjects, such as the Onsager and Kirkwaod theories of dielectrics and theory of light scattering from porous solids are presented in a very readable form not easily found elsewhere and not usually covered in grsduate curricula. A minor defect is found in the mathematical typography. The choice of symbols is not always best. For example, it would have been better to use boldface type for vectors. The book should prove useful bath for 8. "special topics" course and for supplementary reading for the graduate student, advanced undergraduate and practicing physicist or chemist, and is a welcnme addition to personal library of those wanting a first hand report on the contributions and techniques of one of the founders of chemiesl physics. RICHARD S. STEIN University of Massachusetts Amherst
502
/
Journal of Chemical Education
Physical Chemistry
Walter J. M o o ~ e ,Indiana University, Rlnominet,on. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 844 xxv pp. Figs. 1962. xiii and tables. $13. ~~
~
-~ ~
+
+
The appearance of any undergraduate chemistry text in its third edition almost automatically classifies i t as one of the "standard" texts in the field, and "Physical Chemistry" by Walter J. Moore certainly belongs in this category. Since i t seems quite likely that most North American physical chemists are a t least cursorily familiar with the earlier editions, the revisions in the present edition are a point of immediate interest. The present volume represents a rather complete reworking of the seven-year old 2nd edition, accompanied by a substantial expansion of the total amount of material (872 pages vs. 633 in the 2nd edition). A chapter on High Polymers represents the only really new topic treated in detail, but the former chapter on the Structure of Molecules has been approximately doubled in size and is now contained in two chapters on the Chemical Bond and Molecular Structure and Molecular Spectra. Similarly, there are now two chapters on eloctroehemistry, containing together about 50% more material than the single chapter in tho 2nd Edition. The chapters on Particles and Waves and on Crystals, now titled the Solid State, have also been expanded by nearly half in the revision. Several changes have been made in the order of presentation of the material. The illustrations have been redone; the book has been printed with high quality, and is physically thinner than the previous edition. More problems have now been included (more than 560 in total); rchtively few of the problems from the 2nd edition reappear here. Needless to say, the price has expanded, too, but the present price of $13.00 is reasonably competitive with the other texts available for undergraduate physical chemistry. This edition has the chief advantages that have been associated with theearlier editions of Moare--fresh and interesting writing, complete coverage of almost all topics appropriate to a course in undergraduate physiral chemistry, and a good introduction to those topics of chemical physics whose rigorous development can then followin graduate work. The book is now long enough that some material must surely be omitted in a two semester councnevertheless, the m a terid iis there for the choice of the instructor, and for the outside reading of the inquiring student. The comment has often been made that Moore's book is fine for the top students, but very hard for average studeuts. In my own experience, some of these "average" students have commented very favorably about the clarity of the explanation~that they found in Moore. This text certainly merits strong consideration for all undergraduate physical chemistry courses.
Collection of Problems in Physical Chemistry
Jiri Bares, et al. Translated by Helena Watney. Pergmon Press, Ltd., Ox608 pp. Figs. and ford, 1962. xvii tables. 16.5 X 23.5 em. $9.75.
+
There have been a number of changes in the standard physical chemistry course over the last few years, involving chiefly a murh greater emphasis on theory with a corresponding de-emphasis of the empirical physical chemical relations Physical chemistry, however, has alwavs entailed a, greit deal of problem solving. Thus, this book and the one in the followins review will no doubt be of interest to students and faculty members engaged in dhis field. This book is an attempt, as the authors point out in the prefme, to cover the whole field of physical chemistry. The result is a large book which may be beyond the size or the price range of those whose interest in the field is temporary. I t is divided up into eleven chapters, each of which consists of some 10 to 20 problems, with method of solution m d brief diseussion, followed by a number of problems to be solved. The answers to the problems are given a t the end of each chapter. The example problems are in general taken from the literature with references cited; in the remaining problems, however, the data are for the most part presented without reference. The boak is a. translation of a. Czech text which, for the most pert, leads t o no great difficulty. Unfortunately, since the original text was written before I960 the atomic weights and physical constants used are those based on the chemist's (0 = 16.000 g/mole) scale, except for the parts on nuclear chemistry whieh use the old physicd scale. There me, however, a few very real problems whicb the American reader may find. The authors claim to have uaed the recommendations of the Stockholm convention whieh is to their credit, but tbey have failed to include a table listing the symbols and definitions used, and since all the recommendatione. of the Stockholm convention a x not in general use in this country, possible difficulties may be encountered. Perhaps the thing whieh will cause the most canfusion is the use of European conventions with regard to the Gibhs and Helmholtz energies. For the Gihbs energy, for which American convention is n o r "hanging the symbol from F to G , this book uses the symbol G but cdls the function the free enthalpy; for the Helmholtz energy (American, A, work function) they use F and the designation free energy. Another source of confusinn is in the matter of cell conventions. The table of potentials at the end of the boak is in agreement with the Stockholm convention (reduction potentials); however, in the text itself no consistent scheme seems to have been followed. The problems use both aridation and reduction potentials, thus not following the Stockholm recommend* tions, though in general the authors are F. S. ROWLAND careful t o indicate what i t is tbey are dealing with. Uniuersity of Kansas Ifitorenee (Conlinud on page A669)
