tous continuum. In the chapter dealing with the developments given to Planek's ideas hy various scientists, the theory of specific heats is given an excellent description, which is of interest to those of us who teach this topic in ohvsieal ehemistrv courses. . . Referencing is very meticulous, and an abundant bibliography is provided. Louis A. Burnell
New York University New York. NY 10003
Klein, M. J., Shimmy, A,, andpinch, T. J., "Paradigm Lost? A Review Symposium." Isis, 70,429 (1979).
Carbon-Carbon Bond Formallom Volume 1 Robert L. Augustine, (Editor), Seton Hall University, S. Orange, New Jersey. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1979. vii + 461 pp. Figs. 23.5 X 15. 5 cm. $45.00. This is a new volume in the series on Techniques and Applications in Organic Synthesis devoted t o reactions in which carbon-carbon bonds are formed. The present volume with three chapters focuses on alkylation and acylation reactions proceeding via the aldol reaction, metal enolates, and phosphonium ylides. Subsequent volumes to cover other mportant reactions are planned. The middle ehapter "Alkylation and Related Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes via Metal Enolates" by D. Caine is the major contribution in many ways. This ehapter is fully 60% of the book. Importantly, the value is enhanced by clear writing of well-chosen and organized examples. Excellent use is made of tables, and over 575 examples from the current literature are included. Finally a highly useful addendum covering the literature of 1977 and 1978 concludes the chapter. This material evidently added after the bulk of the chapter had been written usefully identifies new applications. The ehapter as a whale provides a first-rate, concise review tor thr prnrrlrlnl: uqanic c hmu.t T h e inthw rhnptrh are less s u w r d u l 'l'hr firit r h m l r r ".Xldd and ReI:lted K t w i c m " by Z. ~ . ' ~ a j ocovers s the literature through 1975 with same 121 references overall. This section is far from satisfactory with the many important and useful aldol reactions described since 1975. Additionally, neither the organization nor presentation of material are a match for the coverage of such a vast field. However, a unique value to this chapter is found in the selection of examples to illustrate the procedures. They are culled from the literature of natural product and pharmaceutical chemistries. They provide a source of interest both in the intrinsic aldol chemistry as well as the strategy of application. The final chapters "Alkylation and Acylations of Phosphonium Ylides" by H. J. Bestmann and R. Zimmerman unfortunately falls short of providing adequate coverage of these important carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. The authors have clearly contributed much to the field and the chapter benefits from their detailed knowledge; however, the breadth and timeliness of coverage are significanlly below desirable. Thus while what is covered is well done, it is not
nearly sufficient nor recent enough to have the desired impact. On balance the book receives a very mixed review. The chapters vary so widely that it is impossible to provide a single recommendation to any particular group of readers. Sheltan Bank State University of New York at Albany Aiabnv, NY 12222 Physico-Chemical Measurements by Gas Chromatography
J R. Conder, University of Wales, Swansea, and C. L. Young, University of Melbourne, Victoria, John Wiley & Sans, New York, 1979. xix 632 pp. Figs. & tables. 16 X 24 cm.
+
Cns ~hwmatt,yraphy ib a m091 efit.ctiw method of separating mixtures uf volatile run~poundr,a d thiq m e r h d has led to its almost universal application in organic analysis. The success of the method as an analytical tool has perhaps overshadowed a second application of gas chromatography, as a versatile method for quantitative physieochemical measurements. In the last two decades, gas chromatography has been used t o study a surprising number of topics ranging from gas-phase virial coefficients t o polymer phase transitions. This work is widely dispersed in the literature, sometimes under names sueh as "inverse" gas chromatography or the "molecular probe" technique, and although several authors have reviewed specific physieo-chemical applications, the overall scope of the method has not been readily apparent. Thus, the publication of this text and of a shorter haok on physicochemical applications by R. J. Laub and R. L. Pecsok is most welcome. The first three chapters of the haok provide a clear introduction t o the basic theory and practice of gas chromatography. The chapter on apparatus and experimental procedure is particularly helpful. This material is of course also covered in earlier general textbooks on the subject, hut previous texts emphasize only those factors which govern the optimum separation of eomponents. In this volume, the authors deal with the, hroader range of factors which are important in performing meaningful physicochemical measurements. The following chapters deal in turn with specific applications. Chapter four describes the estimation of single substance properties, sueh as latent heats of evaporation, vapor pressure and molecular weights, from gas chromatographic data. Chapter five reviews, with over two hundred references. the fertile
measurements were, in fact, true values, and leading up to current and important measurements on polymer-solvent systems. The extensive recent work an the study by gas chromatography of complex formation in a variety of metal-ligand, charge-transfer, and other systems is critically reviewed. Chapter seven reviews the investigation of phase transitions in liquid crystalline, crystalline and polymeric materials. The next two
ficients and refinements in retention theory are discussed in chapter eight, and chapter
nine is an authoritative review of the different methods available for measuring sorption isotherms from finite-concentration gas chromatography. These methods are used to study adsorption of gases and vapors on solids and also to measure surface areas. Adsorption processes a t the interfaces of the very thin liquid films used in gas-liquid chromatnqaphy are also reviewed. A ehapter is devoted to the measurement of rate processessuch as gas and liquid phase diffusion, and the final chapter describes on-column reaction studies. A simple teaching experiment to measure activity coefficients a t infinite dilution, and practical methods to prepare columns for physical measurements are described in appendices to the hook. Throughout this text, the authors take a balanced view of the relative advantages and disadvantages of gas chromatographic methods, and they provide a sufficiently detailed background to enable the reader to assess the validity or otherwise of specific applications. The book will be indispensable to researchers in the field because of its comprehensive nature; the extensive literature coverage appears complete to mid-1977. Analytical gas chromatagraphers will find valuable information an the physical processes which influence separations. The text also provides a clear background and useful practical details for researchers and teachers who might wish to consider relatively simple and inexpensive gas chromatographic experiments for physico-chemical rather than for analytical purposes. Derek G. Gray Pug and Paper Research Institute of Canada and Chemistry Depanment McGiii University Montreal. Quebec H3A 2 4 7 Canada
Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis
W. Nicholas Delgoss, Purdue University, Gary L. Haller, Yale University, Richard Kellermon, Xerox Corporation, Jock H. Lunsford, Texas A & M University. Aca-
demic Press, New York, 1979. x + 341 pp. Figs. &tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $35.00.
Beyond an introductory chapter this haok contains seven up-to-date chapters on the application of various spectroscopic techniques to heterogeneous catalysis. The four authors have been responsible for chapters in their specialty. Each of the seven chapters can be read without reference to the others so that the interested reader can be relatively selective. The treatments given are of uniformly good quality and are written for people with a strong interest in catalysis hut not necessarily in the fine details of these speetroscapies. On balance, the book is best suited for practicing catalytic chemists who want to expand their abilities. It is not intended to be used as a standard classroom textbook, even though the material could certainly be used in advanced graduate seminar courses. The spectroscopies covered are (1) infrared, (2) Raman, (3) diffuse reflectance, (4) photoacoustic, (5) Mossbauer, (6) electron spin resonance, (7) nuclear magnetic resonance, and (8) X-ray photoelectron. Topics (3) and (4) arecombined intoasinglechapter. Each chapter contains between 40 and 50 pages with a lengthy list ofliteraturecitations (Continued on page A244) Volume 57, Number 8.August 1980 1 A243
