Article pubs.acs.org/est
Radiation Release at the Nation’s Only Operating Deep Geological Repository - An Independent Monitoring Perspective P. Thakur,* S. Ballard, and R. Hardy Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring & Research Center, 1400 University Drive, Carlsbad, New Mexico 88220, United States S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: Recent incidents at the nation’s only operating deep geologic nuclear waste repository, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), resulted in the release of americium and plutonium from one or more defense-related transuranic (TRU) waste containers into the environment. WIPP is a U.S. Department of Energy mined geologic repository that has been in operation since March, 1999. Over 85,000 m3 of waste in various vented payload containers have been emplaced in the repository. The primary radionuclides within the disposed waste are 239+240Pu and 241Am, which account for more than 99% of the total TRU radioactivity disposed and scheduled for disposal in the repository. For the first time in its 15 years of operation, there was an airborne radiation release from the WIPP at approximately 11:30 PM Mountain Standard Time (MST) on Friday, February 14, 2014. The radiation release was likely caused by a chemical reaction inside a TRU waste drum that contained nitrate salts and organic sorbent materials. In a recent news release, DOE announced that photos taken of the waste underground showed evidence of heat and gas pressure resulting in a deformed lid, in material expelled through that deformation, and in melted plastic and rubber and polyethylene in the vicinity of that drum. Recent entries into underground Panel 7 have confirmed that at least one waste drum containing a nitrate salt bearing waste stream from Los Alamos National Laboratory was breached underground and was the most likely source of the release. Further investigation is underway to determine if other containers contributed to the release. Air monitoring across the WIPP site intensified following the first reports of radiation detection underground to ascertain whether or not there were releases to the ground surface. Independent analytical results of air filters from sampling stations on and near the WIPP facility have been released by us at the Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring & Research Center and confirmed trace amounts of 241Am and 239+240 Pu, at ratios reflecting the suspect waste stream. The highest activity detected offsite was 115.2 μBq/m3 for 241Am and 10.2 μBq/m3 for 239+240 Pu. These concentrations in air were very small, localized, and below any level of public health or environmental concern.
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INTRODUCTION The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, also known as WIPP, is a transuranic (TRU) waste repository operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The repository is emplacing defense-related TRU wastes in the Salado Formation, a bedded salt formation approximately 655 m (2150 ft.) below the surface of the Earth. located 42 km east of Carlsbad, New Mexico in a sparsely populated area. The WIPP facility is the world’s first deep geologic disposal facility licensed to accept TRU waste, with activity concentrations of alpha-emitting isotopes >3700 Bq/m3 (>100 nCi/g), and half-life >20 years. The upper waste acceptance criteria are
