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T H E J O U R N A L OF Ih?DUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y .
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Apparatus and Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Furnace A N D E. J. HOFFMAN.Bureau of Gases. By J. C. W. FRAZER Mines, Bulletin 1 2 . Briquetting Tests of Lignite. By CHARLES L. WRIGHT. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 14. Progress in the Colloid Chemistry of the Albuminoids. By ~ v o . ,56 pages. Dresden, Th. SteinHANS HANDOVSXY. kopff. $0.50.
Valuation of Crude Rubber. By FRITZFRANK. India Rubber World, Vol. XLIV, NO. 4, pp. 364-366.
RECENT JOURNAL ARTICLES OF INTEREST TO THE INDUSTRIAL CHEMIST.
The Rare Earths with Special Reference to the Thorium Industrie. By C. RICHARD BOEHM. Zeitschmft fuer angewandte Chemie, Vol. XIV., Heft 26, June 30, 1911, pp. 1203-1209.
Quantitative Determination of Cantharidine in Cantharides and Tincture of Cantharides. By A. KNEIP, N. NEY AND F. REIMERS. Archiv. der Pharmazie. Vol. 249, Heft, 4, pp. 259-258. (German.) Treatment of Tannery Emuents. By J. A. S. MORRISON. Journal of the American Leather Chemists’ Association. Vol. VI., NO. 7, pp. 326-342. Grinding Wheels, their Production and Use. By W. HERMINGHAUSEN. Stahl und Eisen. Vol. X X X I , No. 2 1 , pp. 830-847. Preparation of Coal for the Market. By HENRY LOUIS.Journal of the Society of Chmical Industry. Vol. XXX, No. 1 1 , pp. 662-672.
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Experimental Study of Flame Standards. By E. C. CRITTENDEN. Transacfaolts of the Illuminating Engineering Society, VI., NO. 5, pp. 417-436. A. DauBINE Desiccation of Air by Calcium Chlorid. By FELIX AND EUGENE V. RAY. Metallurgzcal and Chemical Engineerzng, Vol. I X . , So. 7, pp. 343-347.
The Principles and Practice of Cider Making. By B. T. P. BARKER. Journal of fhe Znstztufe of Brewmg, 1911, No. 5, PP. 425-451. The Chemical Behavior and Preservative Action of Sulfites in Beer. By JULIAN C. BAKERAND F. E. DAY. Journal o f the Znstztute of Brewzng, 1911, No. 5 , pp. 465-479. Crude Rubber and its Valuation. By CLAYTONBEADLEAND H. P. STEVENS. India Rubber Journal, 1911, No. 2 5 , pp. I 399- I 406 of Supplement. Measurement of High Temperatures. By C. T. HEYCOCK. Jourltal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1911, No. 1 2 , pp. 724-727.
RECENT INVENTIONS.
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Reported by C. L. Parker, Solicitor of Chemical Patents, McGill Building, Washington. D . C
993,331. Process for the Manufacture of Formates. This process consists in subjecting caustic alkali in lump form t o the action of carbon monoxid under pressure at an initial temperature of about I O O - I Z O ~C., thereby converting
the outer surface of said lumps into formate, progressively separating the formate from the outer surfaces of the lumps by agitation so as to give the carbon monoxid access to the portions within, and, after about two-thirds of the lumps of caustic
alkali have been converted into formates agglomerating the formed formates by adding about 2 per cent. of water, thereafter subjecting the mass t o the further action of the carbon monoxid, and maintaining the temperature below the decomposition temperature of the formed formate during the progress of the reaction. The accompanying illustration shows the patentee’s apparatus in which he carries out the process. The inventor is Arnold Wiens, of Bitterfield, Germany 992,551. Process of Producing Carbon Tetrachlorid. I n practicing this process a mixture of disulfur dichlorid and carbon tetrachlorid containing about 53 per cent. carbon tetrachlorid and 47 per cent. sulfur chlorid, a t about atmospheric temperature, is allowed t o flow by way of a pipe into a chlorinator C, the rate of the flow being controlled by a cock B. I n the chlorinator it flows slowly from one end t o the other finally overflowing a t the overflow pipe D. During its passage through the chlorinator it meets and absorbs a current of chlorin, entering at E, said chlorin flowing in the opposite direction toward the outlet F. The chlorin solution overflowing at D passes into a mixer J, wherein carbon disulfid is admixed. The rate of carbon disulfid supply is controlled by a cock K. It is admitted in about the proportion of one molecule of carbon disulfid t o six atoms of dissolved chlorin. The mixture now containing admixed carbon disulfid overflows continuously from the mixer by way of the overflow pipe L into the converter M. Any vapor formed in the mixer J passes by a pipe N t o a condenser 0, where the vapors are condensed and flows back by the pipe P into the converter hf. The converter M consists of a series of compartments loosely filled with pieces of iron, for instance, sheet metal clippings, and so arranged t h a t the liquid enters at the bottom of each compartment and overflows at the top to the bottom of the next. During its passage the iron acts catalytically and the carbon disulfid is converted to carbon tetrachlorid and sulfur chlorid. Considerable heat is evolved in the converter; with the mixture entering a t 15’ C. the temperature rises to around 40° C. a t the exit. Any vapor formed
Aug., 1911
THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
in M passes by way of the pipes Q and N to the condenser 0 where it is condensed and flows back into the converter M. The liquid after passing through the various compartments of the converter M finally overflows through t h e pipe R t o the cooler S where i t is cooled by contact with the cooling coils T, through which cold water, brine, or cold carbon tetrachlorid or other cooling liquid is circulated. The temperature of the cooling liquid, rate of flow, and surface of the coils is so regulated
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reaction furnace, an expansion chamber in communication with said furnace, means for permitting expansion of hot gases from said furnace into said reaction chamber without cooling during such expansion, special heating means being provided if desired, and means for cooling the hot expanded gases. In applying the process t o the manufacture of nitrogen oxids where gaseous mixtures containing nitrogen and oxygen are subjected to the action of a n electric arc, an arc is formed and the gases introduced into i t at approximately normal pressure. After treatment in the arc, the intensely hot gases are permitted to expand into a chamber in which a partial vacuum is maintained, without material reduction in their temperature. Reduction in the temperature of the hot gases may be prevented either by supplying additional heat t o the gases during the expansion, or by throttling their flow into the expansion chamber. The pressure in the expansion chamber should be relatively low, and for the best results should not be over 400 mm. of mercury. The inventor is Harry Pauling, of Gelsenkirchen, Germany, assignor t o Salpetersaure-Industrie-Gesellschaft,Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung, of Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
993,017. Apparatus for Obtaining Nitrogen from Air. This apparatus is defined in the patent as comprising a-furnace of considerable area in proportion t o its height and having a top and bottom both sloping downward from the inlet t o the outlet of the furnace, means for supplying sulfur and air t o the inlet end of said furnace, a conduit at the outlet end of said furnace for the resulting gases, means for removing from said t h a t the mixture finally overflows by the overflow pipe U a t about atmospheric temperature. From U the liquid flows into the receiver V, whence it is pumped by the pump W t o the reservoir A t o begin its round anew. As the mount of carbon tetrachlorid and sulfur chlorid accumulates, a portion overflows by the overflow pipe X into a stock tank Y. Carbon tetrachlorid of a very pure form is readily separated from the stock tank mixture. The sulfur chlorid after separation is marketed as such or otherwise utilized. The inventor is William F. Doerflinger, of New York, New York.
991,357. Process of Producing Nitric Oxid from Mixtures of Nitrogen and Oxygen and Apparatus Therefor. This invention comprises a process wherein a mixture comprising nitrogen and oxygen, is heated t o a reacting temperature, is thereafter permitted to expand without material re4
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duction in temperature, additional heat being supplied during such expansion, and is finally cooled; and i t also comprises apparatus suitable for carrying out the process comprising a
gases the excess of sulfur and the sulfurous acid, a suction pump at the advance end of the conduit for drawing the air into the furnace and the gases from said furnace, and means for confining the nitrogen, substantially as described. The inventor is Charles Blagburn, of San Francisco, California, assignor t o himself, trustee.
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