Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada), were analyzed for PCBs and organochlorine insecticides in order to examine the depositional history of these persis tent organic pollutants. (Dorothea F. K., et al. "Historical Deposition of PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides to Lake Winnipeg (Canada)",/. Great Lakes Res., 2000, 26 (1) 3-17)
Drinking Water Disinfection byproducts. Natural or ganic matter containing many of the precursors to form undesirable disin fection byproducts following disinfec tion of drinking water was character ized in natural waters. (Marhaba, T. E; Pipada, N. S. "Coagulation: Effective ness in Removing Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions", Environ. Eng. Sci. 2000,17 (2), 107-115) Lead in water. A simulation program was written to mimic the sampling process used to assess lead on a rou tine basis, the variability in water quality, differences in the housing stock, and customer characteristics. (Cardew, P. T. "Simulation of Lead Compliance Data", Water Res. 2000, 34 (8), 2241-2252.
Energy Molecular photovoltaic». This review, with 49 references, confirms that die certified overall power conversion effi ciency of the new solar cell for AM 1.5 solar radiation stands presently at 10.4%. (Hagfeldt, A; Graetzel, M. "Mo lecular Photovoltaics", Ace. Chem. Res. 2000, 33 (5), 269-277)
Metals Pigment substitutes. The authors demonstrate that solid solutions of the perovskites CaTa02N and LaTaON2 constitute promising candi dates for cadmium pigment substi tutes: their brilliance, tinting strength, opacity, dispersability, light-fastness, and heat stability rival that of the cad mium pigments, whereas their color can be tuned through the desired range, from yellow through orange to deep red, by simple composition ad
Ships that pollute Nationwide emissions inventories from shipping have traditionally ig nored shipping channels outside of port regions. In response to this is sue, J. Corbett and P. Fischbeck ex amined emissions from waterborne commerce vessels in U.S. continen tal and inland waterways. N0X emis sions from commercial marine en gines were found to account for about 4% of all U.S. transportation emissions—more than double that of previous nationwide vessel emis sions inventories. In many regions, N0X emissions from waterborne commerce ranked higher than other source categories regulated by state and federal statutes. The authors report that in the upper inland river system, Great Lakes, Northern Pa cific Coast, and much of the Gulf Coast, 14-28 tons of N0X per mile each year is common and note that the number of automobiles that would produce an equivalent amount of N0X per mile of highway would range between 30,800 and 76,000 per day. (Environ. Sci. Tech no!., this issue, pp 3254-3260)
justments. (Jansen, M.; Letschert, H. R "Inorganic Yellow-Red Pigments With out Toxic Metals", Nature 2000, 404 (6781), 980-982) Trace metals. The authors analyzed samples of the oak, maple, willow, lime tree, and birch trees growing in a Wroclaw (Poland) urban area. (Prusisz, B.; Zyrnicki, W. "Study of Se lected Major and Trace Metals in Various Trees From Urban Area", En viron. Prot. Eng. 1999, 25 (4), 91-99)
Modeling Combustion phenomena. Different levels of combustion modeling are identified and characterized in this review with several references, in cluding some novel schemes for combustion large eddy simulation. (Candel, S., et al. "Progress in Nu merical Combustion", Combust. Sci. Technol. 1999, 149 (1-6), 297-337) Discharge methods. The authors derived equations that allow a direct
comparison of the dynamic and steady-state methods for simple sin gle-discharge situations. (Dilks, D. W.; Pendergast, J. F. "Comparison of Dynamic and Steady-State Models for Determining Water Quality-Based National Pollutant Discharge Elimi nation System Limits for Toxics", Wa ter Environ. Res. 2000, 72 (2), 225229)
Soil Phosphate ions. Sorption, desorption, electro-ultrafiltration, and isotopic exchange studies show that an adequate modeling of the quantity of phosphate ions must account for both the concentration of phosphate ions in soil solution and time. (Mo rel, C , et al. "Transfer of Phosphate Ions Between Soil and Solution: Per spectives in Soil Testing", /. Environ. Qual. 2000, 29 (1), 50-59)
Water Aquatic ecosystems. This review, with 31 references, proposes a radi cal change in the present view on the nature of the self-purification capacity of aquatic ecosystems. (Kondrat'eva, L. M. "Secondary Pol lution of Aquatic Ecosystems", Water Resour. 2000, 27 (2), 197-206) Indicator microorganisms. This study was conducted to assess the effects of temperature, salinity, dis solved oxygen, geographic location, season, and solar radiation on the survival of selected indicator micro organisms in estuarine waters. (Burkhardt, W, et al. "Inactivation of Indicator Microorganisms in Estua rine Waters", Water Res. 2000, 34 (8), 2207-2214) Phosphorus in rivers. This review, with 64 references, addresses the need to quantify the residence time of phosphorus within any particular part of a river system so that the specific contribution of individual Ρ sources to biological demand can be determined. (Edwards, A. C , et al. "Assessing the Impact of Terrestrially Derived Phosphorus on Flowing Wa ter Systems", /. Environ. Qual. 2000, 29(1), 117-124)
AUGUST 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 3 5 5 A
