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Road Program Booms Explosives
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Tofai use of 1.8 billion pounds estimated for period ending 1969; consumption currently a t new high
Opening for responsible indi vidual t o t a k e charge of new,
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country should b e pushed to n e w high tonnage figures b y the federal highway construction program between now a n d 1960, on the basis of industry a n d gov e r n m e n t estimates. Consumption hit a n e w high of 806,878,221 pounds in 1955, without t h e benefit of road p r o grams or sales drives by manufacturers. Dynamites a n d blasting powder, in fact, d o not get the publicized drive accorded other chemical products, al though there is much development a n d safety work conducted b y the industry. Old established explosives makers like D u Pont, Hercules, Atlas, OBn, Cyanamid, a n d Trojan h a v e nevertheless found it necessary over the years to effect plant expansions t o meet d e m a n d . T h e government agency w h i c h issues an annual report on this industry, the Bureau of Mines, and the Institute of Makers of Explosives break down the consumption of these materials by in dustries. T h e y show t h a t t h e coal mining industry accounts for some 3 0 % of annual consumption, and that last year it used 239,094,618 p o u n d s . This was an increase of 179fc over 1954. T h e coal mines were responsible last year for a 2 4 % increase in t h e consumption of "permissables." • Permissabfes Gain. Use of high explosives other t h a n permissables
t o r y in M i d w e s t .
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Experience
a n d i n t e r e s t r e q u i r e d in m e t a l lurgical, corrosion, general dif fraction p r o b l e m s a n d fluores cence
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GOODYEAR ATOMIC CORPORATION
P. 0 . BOX 628 PORTSMOUTH, OHIO
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Cut Jar breakage with the
0 CR&P
JAR MILL iars stay centered can't creep and fall off. B e t t e r e a s e of handling, too. J u s t p l a c e mill j a r s o n t h e p a t e n t e d self-center i n g r o l l s — a n d let t h e m roll. U. S. " u n i t i z e d " j a r m i l l s a r e m a d e i n a r a n g e of sizes a n d typss to h a n d l e one to 24 jars at a t i m e o f one-half pint to three gallon capacity. 263 E-l
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U . S . STONEWARE AKRON/ V ^ O H I O ^ y P *JZ£g&4 4410
C&EN
SEPT.
10.
1956
SE OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES in t h i s
gained 12Vc d u e to their larger con sumption in t h e metal-mining, quarry, nonmetallic mineral mining, and t h e coal industries. A somewhat smaller consumption gain is shown for the railroads, b u t t h e metal mining industry consumed 168,627,903 p o u n d s of all kinds of explo sives, an increase of a b o u t 1 5 % . T h e use of liquid oxygen explosives is almost entirely confined to coal min ing, a n d last y e a r t h e y showed a m o d erate gain at 19,248,000 pounds. T h e federal r o a d building p r o g r a m will d o more t h a n just stimulate sales of explosives t o t h e r o a d contractors. I t will also bring a b o u t t h e use of m o r e explosives in p r o d u c i n g t h e r a w m a t e rials for cement, such as clay and lime stone. Road b u i l d i n g alone this year will r e q u i r e some 90 million p o u n d s of explosives, according to B u r e a u of Public Roads, D e p a r t m e n t of C o m merce. • Peak Use in 1 9 6 3 . Small a n n u a l gains may then b e looked for, bringing the explosives u s e for t h e federal p r o gram alone to a h i g h of 145 million p o u n d s b y 1963, or a b o u t one half of last year's total consumption for all purposes. Estimated explosives use for t h e ex p a n d e d h i g h w a y construction plan, b y years, is estimated as follows:
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Sodium Polyphos is Blockson's brand name for a water soluble Glassy Sodium Phosphate with the desirable characteristics of Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Sodium Tetraphosphate.
v-'^CJ :.;-; CRYSTALLINE;/.; ?ζ*·4$ s£\U
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ALSO MAJOR
PRODUCERS
|-^CSOpiUM;TCTJJ4^pSPHAT^
OF:
S O D I U M ACID PYROPHOSPHATE TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE CHLORINATED D I S O D I U M PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS · CRYSTALLINE
MONOSODIUM
PHOSPHATE
ANHYDROUS · MONOHYDRATE
SULFURIC ACID S O D I U M FLUORIDE S O D I U M SILICOFLUORIDE
BLOCKSON CHEMICAL COMPANY*
HYDROFLUORIC ACID HYGRADE FERTILIZER N O N I O N I C SURFACTANT—TEOX® 1 2 0 SEPT.
10.
1956
C&EN
4411
MARKETS Millions of Pounds 1955 1956 1957 i958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
VISCOSITY "That property of a body in virtue of which, when flow occurs inside it, forces arise in such a direction as to oppose the flow." — Webster
BROOKFIELD * Pioneer and world leader i n the development and manufacture of precision viscosity instruments. Today, Brookfield is universally accepted as the World's Standard for Viscosity Measurement and Controll
AND YOU *A scientist interested in easy, accurate viscosity measurement or control for laboratory or production processes. You'll be happy to learn, too, that more than 3O0 technical articles and references based on Brookfield and viscosity measurement of 2 0 0 different materials have been published in the past ten years. You are welcome to any of this data which may pertain to viscosity measurement control problems you have.
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Brookfield know how is yours for the asking without obligation
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EIMeiNEERINe LABORATORIES INCORPORATED STOUGHTON 12. MASSACHUSETTS 4412
C&EN
SEPT. 10.
1956
90 102 124 135 141 144 144 144 145 145 144 144 144 133 125
Total use for road building for the years 1957-69 will be, 1,812,000,000 pounds. This is the period when re quirements for all highway construc tion will absorb the $32.9 billion pro gram authorized by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as well as future federal funds to be authorized for the same purpose along with state and local construction. • Material Requirements. Sulfur, charcoal, and sodium nitrate are still the essential ingredients of black blast ing powders as they were when the first E. L du Pont erected his mills in Dela ware. The main constituents of permissables (dynamites for underground coal blastings) are ammonium nitrate, explosives oil, carbonaceous combus tible materials, sodium nitrate, and an "antacid." Explosives oil contains nitroglycerin along with either nitropolyglycerin, nitrosugar, or ethylene glycol dinitrate. Other high explosives contain all of the materials listed for permissables, plus sulfur, nitrotoluene, and nitrocellu lose. Wrapping for all three consists of paper and paraffin. The use of am monium nitrate during 1955 in permis sables amounted to 65,603,000 pounds, and in higher explosives, 347,049,000 pounds. Sixteen manufacturers are listed as members of the Institute of Makers of Explosives, representing 95 or 97% of the industry. Trojan and one small company are not members. Hercules, which recently shifted its California explosives production to Bacchus, Utah, has directed its develop ment in this field among other things to the formulation of large-diameter dynamites, particularly nitrocarbonitrate types. It is continuing work on improved blasting agents and methods of shooting in underground coal min ing. Atlas Powder said that seismograph exploration and pipeline laying last year in the petroleum industry pro vided a growing outlet for its explo sives. It has also expanded its output of ammonium nitrate blasting agents.
DOW E T H Y L BROMIDE makes chemical synthesis easier in the laboratory intermediate
and in production, has many useful
this important applications
Dow ethyl bromide is a valuable ethylating agent. Here's a convincing reason why: Dow ethyl bromide requires less drastic conditions for the chemical synthesis of many organic chemicals, including drugs. It is effective at a significantly lower temperature or pressure than is usually required by other ethylating agents.
bromide's quality . . . you can depend o n a continuous supply. For more information on D o w ethyl bromide or any of the bromides listed below, write THE DOW CHEMICAL
That's w h y you'll find
Isopropyl bromide Bromoform Ally! Bromide Trimethylene chlorobromide
Dow ethyl bromide a
big help,
whether you use it in the lab or in production. Fifty-six years of Dow experience with the development o f bromine means two important things: You can depend on Dow ethyl
you can depend
COMPANY, Dept.PH881A-l,Midland, Michigan. OTHER TYPICAL DOW BROMIDES:
on DOW CHEMICALS
SEPT.
2,4,6—Tribromophenol Amyl bromides Butyl bromides Trimethylene bromide
Dow 10, 1 9 5 6 C & E N
4413
MARKETS D u Pont has made what it calls a sizable expenditure for the expansion of facilities for Nitramon blasting agents.
PLATINUM & ΡΔΙΙ ΔΠΙΙΙΛΛ
Soda Ash Advanced
Write for our
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descriptive booklet N-21 j §
^H^AMtRJXkAN RL^^IΝUM-V^ORΟ /Re^ùce%4 €^4td 'TH^t^tcc^actccnenu PRECIOUS METALS SINCE *» s. 187S j
231 N E W JERSEY R. R. AVENUE NEWARK 5, N . J .
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WN*-^\mrfr\mfiFmùM The famous Coleman Junior Spectrophotometer is now available with a choice of band-width: Models 6 A and 6C w i t h 3 5 millimicrons—time-tested and proved through 10 years of distinguished service in laboratories throughout the world. The n e w M o d e l 6D a t 2 0 millimicrons for the analyst desiring the increased resolution of restricted band-width. Whichever you choose, you'll find the Coleman Junior your quickest, &&^ΠΕΒ&Γ B^KL most convenient way t o obtain precise analytical data . . . that's why more Colemans are now in use than any similar instrument. Write t o d a y for " C o l e m a n Tools for Science," contains discussion of a n a l y sis with light, plus complete descript i o n of a l l C o l e m a n I n s t r u m e n t s
V
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Coleman Junior Spectrophotometer Dept. C, Coleman instruments, inc., maywood, iii· 4414
C&EN
SEPT.
10.
1956
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Solvay Process Divison, Allied Chemical and Dye, issued new price schedules showing advances of 10 cents per 10 pounds for soda ash, sesquicarbonate of soda, and powdered modified sodas (laundry and cleansing soda), effective Oct. 1. N e w prices for 589c light soda ash are $1.55 per 100 pounds, bulk, and $1.85 in bags. The new 58% intermediate soda ash prices are the same as light, while 58 7c dense ash is $1.60 and $1.90. Snowflake crystals (sesquicarbonate of soda) are now $2.10 and $2.35; laundry soda, $1.95 and $2.25; and cleansing soda, $2.05 and $2.35 per 100 pounds. AH of the foregoing are for carloads, f.o.b. works.
• Rigid, foamed-in-place polyurethanes are taking an ever-increasing share of the urethane foam market. Originally expected t o take no more than 20%, one company now feels these compounds will claim at least 50% by 1960. Nonfoamed uses are increasing in adhesives, rubber, and coatings. Although used as a molding compound in Germany (Perlone U ) based on hexamethyl diisocyanate, American manufacturers have been unwilling to use this toxic isocyanate and have not yet found a substitute—Industrial ùEngineering Chemistry, September (p. 1383). • Fifty billion dollars worth of n e w roads will consume large quantities of chemicals. In 1955, state highway departments applied 3.9 million gallons of traffic paint, containing almost 18 million pounds of glass beads. Almost 700,000 tons of ice removers were used by the states. Significant quantities of ag chemicals were used, especially 2,4-D. Eleven states use antistripping compounds, while the use of rubber, silicones, and soil stabilizers is receiving increased attention—Industrial àEnginering Chemistry, September (p. 26A). HsoproponoS h a s been advanced 3 cents per gallon b y manufacturers, effective Oct. 1. The higher quotations apply to both tank car and drum quantities. • Monsanto Chemical, St. Louis 4 , reduced bulk prices for Santopoid 22 and 22-RI additives from 36 cents to 28 cents per pound. The products are used in multipurpose gear oils and have attained full-scale commercial production.
