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Seasonal and Species Variation of the Hepatotoxin Indospicine in Australian Indigofera Legumes as Measured by UPLC-MS/MS Eddie T. T. Tan, Christopher Materne, Richard Silcock, Bruce R. D'Arcy, Rafat Al Jassim, and Mary T. Fletcher J. Agric. Food Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02437 • Publication Date (Web): 10 Aug 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on August 13, 2016
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Seasonal and Species Variation of the Hepatotoxin Indospicine in Australian Indigofera
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Legumes as Measured by UPLC−MS/MS
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Eddie T. T. Tan,†,§ Christopher Materne,¶ Richard Silcock,ɸ Bruce R. D’Arcy,†,‡ Rafat Al Jassim‡
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and Mary T. Fletcher*,†
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†
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Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108 Australia
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¶
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of
Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Arid Zone Research Institute,
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Alice Springs, NT 0871 Australia
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ɸ
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4102 Australia
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‡
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Gatton QLD 4343 Australia
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§
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40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland,
Food Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 7 3276 6089. Fax: +61 7 3216 6565.
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Email:
[email protected] 21
1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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ABSTRACT
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Livestock industries have maintained a keen interest in pasture legumes because of the high
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protein content and nutritive value. Leguminous Indigofera plant species have been considered
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as having high feeding values to be utilized as pasture, but the occurrence of the toxic constituent
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indospicine in some species has restricted this utility. Indospicine has caused both primary and
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secondary hepatotoxicosis and also reproductive losses, but has only previously been determined
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in a small number of Indigofera species. This paper validates a high throughput ultra-
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performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC−MS/MS) method to
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determine indospicine content of various Indigofera species found in Australian pasture. Twelve
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species of Indigofera together with Indigastrum parviflorum plants were collected and analysed.
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Out of the 84 samples analyzed, *I. spicata contained the highest indospicine level (1003 ± 328
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mg/kg DM, n = 4) followed by I. linnaei (755 ± 490 mg/kg DM, n = 51). Indospicine was not
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detected in 9 of the remaining 11 species, and at only low levels (
