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units of a compound; the word “component” refers to the units or parts of a mixture. The introduction, where necessary, of new words into a language is a function of civilization, or rather the forerunner of enlightenment. I n the order of this progress, however, i t is highly commendable t o emphasize those finer distinctions which will lead to a more careful choice of words already existent b u t of indiscriminate use. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON, D. C. January 31, 1927
WILLIAMJ. HALE
More Substitutes for “Substitute” Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: The suggestion for a word replacing “substitute” is offered in a new word “synthecate” or “synthenate,” the euphony and proper ending or suffix being a matter for a n etymologist, which by definition would infer all t h a t “substitute” indicates except the concept of inferiority. This word by usage and definition could be symbolic, not for devices, b u t for materials which have been or could be superseded in the arts and sciences by materials t h a t have been literally synthesized, or by those materials t h a t have been made from new processes. 414 HELLERMAN ST. F. W. HARTZEL PHILADELPHIA, PA. January 23, 1927
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word already in the language, if one can be found and adapted t o a new use, than i t is t o concoct one out of hand. So, I suggest “vicarium.” A “vicarius” is a person who acts in the place of another; by merely changing the gender t o neuter we have “vicarium” for a thing t h a t acts in place of another thing. The word has the advantage of suggesting neither inferiority nor superiority, but only function. WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS. February 7 , 1927
LAUNCELOT W. ANDREW’S
Standard Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Commercial Fats and Oils-Correction The following corrections should be made in this report [THIS 18, 1346 (1926)l:
JOURNAL,
Page 1351, column 1, line under Reichert-Meissl and Polenske Numbers should read: (A 0. A. C. Methods, Modified). Page 1351, column 2, last sentence, first paragraph under Index of Refraction should read: Determine the index of refraction with any standard instrument, reading oils and fats at 40’ C. Page 1352, column 2, Acetyl Value, last two lines under Method should read: S = saponification number before acetylization, S’ = saponification number after acetylization.
W. D. RICHARDSON, Chairman
Systematic Refining of Cracked Dis tillates-Correc t ion
Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: I n the January, 1927, number of INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING The arrow or equality sign in equation (3) on the bottom of CHEMISTRY you ask for a substitute for the word “substitute.” page ’734 in my article under this title, THISJOURNAL,18, 733 (1926), should be shifted to the right of the reactant and the May I suggest the word “permute”? I t s present meaning is plus sign added to conform t o the equations shown above, rather “interchange” than “substitution,” but it might also mean “exchange, commutation, or transposition.” It has almost the which are summed up to give the equation: meaning of our old English, north-country word “swap”-“Don’t R-S swap horses in midstream.” The word “permute” has the 2HzSO4(coned.)+ 1 2H20 SO2 PhSO4 following advantages: (1) I t s etymology is good; ( 2 ) it is short; R-S R-S (3) (3) i t may be used as noun or verb without any alteration; (4) JACQUE C. MORRSLL i t becomes a n adjective by adding “d.” Other advantages will probably occur to you. CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY HERBERTHENSTOCK Calendar of Meetings
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SCHOOL GARDENS SHREWSBURY, ENGLAND February 1 , 1927
Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chem.istry: Procrastination won, and last month when I read your request for a word I did not put i t in writing. However, I feel aided and abetted after reading the suggestions in the February issue of INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY. With due consideration and thorough convictions as to its merits, I offer “parproduct.” Write this as you will, with a hyphen after “par” or as one word, i t still conveys to the greater percentage of people the prime idea of equality. It has no difficult syllables and may be easily and readily spoken. In cases where a little extra merit is desired to he impressed we might have “suparproduct.” T H E LILLYRESEARCH LABORATORIES A. LEE CALDWELL ELI LILLYAND C O W P A N Y INDIANAPOLIS, IND. February 8, 1927
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Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: Regarding the h u n t for a better word than “substitute” in certain cases, I would say a word. Firstly, i t is better t o use a
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American Chemical Society-73rd Meeting, Richmond, Va., April 11 t o 16, 1927. 74th hleeting, Detroit, Mich., September 5 to 10, 1927. Midwest Regional Meeting-Chicago, Ill., May 27 and 28, 1927. National Colloid SymDivision of Colloid Chemistry-Fifth posium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., June B 22 t o 24, 1927. Second National Symposium on Organic Chemistry-Columbus, Ohio, December 29 t o 31, 1927. American Electrochemical Society-Benjamin Franklin Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa., April 28 t o 30, 1927. Fall Meeting in the form of a n excursion through the Northwest, September 4 t o 20, 1927. American Institute of Chemical Engineers-Cleveland, Ohio, M a y 31 t o June 3, 1927. American Leather Chemists’ Association-Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15 t o 17, 1927. American Society for Testing Materials-Annual Meeting, French Lick, Ind., June 20 t o 24, 1927. Eleventh Annual Exposition of Chemical Industries-Grand Central Palace, New York, N. Y., September 26 t o October 1, 1927,
