l\larch 20. 1050
CONIMUNIC.ITIONS TO THE EDITOR
trolysis in a cell provided with an aluminum electrode and a platinum spiral, b u t their results could not be substantiated. We have successfully applied the rotation aluminum electrode to the amperometric titration of fluoride in aqueous buffers with aluminum nitrate; no good end-point was observed with thorium nitrate as reagent. Hydroxyl ions are the only other ions which anodically depolarize the electrode. They yield anodic limiting currents proportional to concentration. Use of this can be made in the amperometric titration of acids with a strong base. A t a pH greater than 8 the electrode acts as a @OH (pH) electrode, but not in acid medium. In acid medium it acts like a pF electrode, the potential being somewhat dependent on p H in the presence of fluoride. Details concerning this interesting electrode will be reported elsewhere.
1517
TABLE I IXHIBITION OF KYNURENINE TRASSAMISASE A N D MCSCLE PHOSPHORYLASE B Y STEROID COSJCCATES
Inhibitor Estradiol
disulfate
Diethylstilheqtrol disulfate
Estrone sulfate
Pregnanediol glucuronide
Inhibitor concn., .If
2 . 5 X 10V6 5 x 10-6 .i x 10-7 ' 7 . 5 X 10-5 ;i
x
*5 x 1x 2.5 x 5 x 1x 2.5 x
10-6
10-7
10-4 10-5
Per cent. inhibition Muscle Kynurenine phosphoryltransaminase ase a
9; ,iO
9 99 60 11 23
28
9
->
0
10-4 10-5
18 19
I
0
.. -,
,0 ..
15
0 .. ..
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY I. M . KOLTHOFF l\luscle phosphorylase contains tightly-bound UNIVERSITY OF MISSESOTA pyridoxal phosphate which can be removed to MINNEAPOI IS, MISN. C . J. SAMBCCETTI yield preparations that are enzymatically active RECEIVED FEBRUARY 2. 1959 only in the presence of added pyridoxal phosphate.4 INHIBITION OF PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES BY T H E SULFATE ESTERS O F ESTRADIOL, ESTRONE AND DIETHYLSTILBESTROL'
Sir:
In the present studies, the reactivation of such preparations with pyridoxal phosphate was inhibited by low concentrations of the estrogen sulfate. The degree of inhibition again was dependent on the concentration of added pyridoxal phosphate. JVe believe this to be a unique case of a highlysensitive in vitro estrogen-enzyme interaction in which both diethylstilbestrol and the natural estrogens can participate. From a speculative viewpoint, many of the in vivo effects of the estrogens correspond rather well to what we might expect from the demonstrated effects on pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. As an example, the increased storage of glycogen and protein that occurs in some species under the influence of the estrogens may be regulated through the inhibition of phosphorylase and transaminase enzymes. Experiments designed to test further the relationship of these in aitro effects to the physiological actions of the steroid hormones are in progress.
Systematic studies of kynurenine transaminase in this laboratory have revealed t h a t i t is inhibited b y extremely low concentrations of estradiol disulfate and diethylstilbestrol disulfate(Tab1e I). Estrone sulfate and pregnanediol glucuronide also inhibited but only a t considerably higher levels. Several bile acids inhibited slightly a t high concentrations to Af), probably by denaturation. Unconjugated steroids and related compounds, e.g., estradiol, estrone, diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, pregnanediol, methyl bisdehydrodoisynolic acid and methallenestril were without effect even at saturation levels. The degree of inhibition varied with the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate, indicating t h a t the (4) C. F. Cori and B. Illingworth, ProIHCOCH
--(I
+
03O
Ci €TaCH(CH$)Y = C(CF-I,)Coil 111, [e]% - 97 ,?h"
III
Ptl IC
-+
HOSO
[CcH;CH(CII,)]>SHa
€I >
apparent larger degree of a concerted mechanism for the cyclic cases may be due to geometric factors. Since the coupled linear product does exhibit some optical activity, i t is improbable t h a t the benzyl residues, whether ionic or radical, have an independent existence in excess of time for racemization. (:I) For a comparison o f a linear and a cycljc case o f similar strnctiire in an azo decomposition see C. G. Overberger. I . Tashlick, 11. Bernstein and R. C.. Hiskey. zbiii., 80, fi330 (1938). I t was shr,an th:rt radicals formed from a cyclic compriund were more difficult t o i r a p than linear Ones (if similar structure.
I~EPARTMEST OF CHEMISTRY C. G . OVERBERCER POLYTECHSIC INSTITL-TE OF BROOKLVS BROOKLYX 1, SET',' YORK SICASIO P. MARULLO 11, [ a I Z o D -115 8'
IZECEIVED J.4XUARl'
RICHARD G. HISKEY 26, 1959
Catalytic reduction of (111), b.p. 106" (0.2 mm.) (Anal. Found: C, S(L12; H, 7 . i l ; N, 6.32) gave N-(tart-AMIN0ALKYL)-PROPIONANILIDES : A NEW 88yc of one optical antipode of IV, b.p. 103-105" SERIES OF POTENT ANALGESICS (0.3 mm.) (Anal. Found: C, 85.41; H , 8 . X ; Sir: N , 6.44). Reduction predominantly from one side l y e wish to report the establishment of a new can be explained by molecular models which show that the benzylidene phenyl cannot rotate freely series of potent analgesics of novel chemical and is twisted out of the C-C=N plane. This structure (Ia). The compounds were designed as out of plane deformation is supported by spectral analogs of methadone (IIa) and isomethadone evidence. Both the nitrosation of IV to I , m.p. (IIb) and retain the steric requirements of potent 56-57' (Anal. Found: C , 73.55; H, 7.33; COCzHS I\;) 10.93) and the reduction of I to 11, b.p. 120" C0CzH5 (CH3)zN-YH-CH-C (0.1 mm.) (Anal. Found: C, 80.14; H, 8.21; RIRZN- YH-YH-N R, N , 11.44) proceeded without racemization. The optical purity of I and I1 was determined by reRs R, conversion to IT', the optical purity of which I2 TI had been determined previously by catalytic It? = Ra = CH,,, RI H debenzylation to the known a-methylbenzylamine. IC, RjR? = (CH,),, It3 = H , Ita = CH, Optically pure 2,:3-diphenylbutane (IT) [a]"D IIa, R , = CH,,I
