July, 1963
6-CHLOROPURIKE 3’-AMIiY0-3’-DEOXYRIBOSIDES
nolic sodium methoxide being added in portions t o maintain an alkaline pH. The resulting dark red-brown solution was evaporated in vacuo to a tan glassy residue which was crystallized by trituration n-ith a small amount of water. The water was removed in vacuo and the residue was triturated with absolute ethanol and filtered to yield 1.76 g. of crude 4 as tan crystals, m.p. 200-209” dec. From the mother liquor an additional 0.706 g. v a s obtained, giving a total of 2.47 g. (85%). Recrystallizations from K,N-dimethylformamide gave colorless crystals, m.p. 234-236” ~ 215~ mp~ ( e 23,800), 8 256 dec.; [ C T ] * ~ D-28.9” ( c 1.04, H20); X mp ( e 9,200), 279 mp ( e 9,750).
413
A n a l . Calcd. for C I O H I S S , ~C,~ :42.7; H, 5.38; N, 34.9. Found: C, 43.1, 43.0; H, 5.65, 5.63; Y, 34.7.
Acknowledgment.--We wish to thank Mr. L. Brancone and staff for the microanalyses, Mr. W. Fulmor and staff for spectroscopic and polarimetric determinations, Dr. A. T’ogel for antitumor assays, Dr. R. I. Hen-itt for antitrypanosome assays, and Mr. J. C. VanRSeter for enzyme inhibition studies.
Synthesis and Reactions of 3’-Amino-3’-deoxyribosides of 6-Chloropurine
Organzc Chemacal Research Section, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid C o m p a n y , Pearl Riuer, S e w York Received December 10, 1962 Blorked 6-rhloro-3’-aminonurleosides (3,14)were synthesized and found to be excellent intermediates for the preparation of analogs of the puromycin aminonucleoside ( 7 ) . Chloride was displaced from 3 and 14 by primary and secondary amines in methanol with simultaneous removal of the 0-benzoyl groups. Primary amines removed the S-phthaloyl group of 3, whereas secondary amines opened the S-phthaloyl group to produce S,X,X’trisubstituted phthalamides. Primary amines rleaved the latter phthalamides to produce unblocked 3’-amino:3’-deoxynncleosides. Diisopropylamine failed to displace chloride from 3 and failed to open the phthalimide function. Several analogs of the puromycin aminonucleoside Twre found to possess enhanced trypanocidal activity. The application of p.m.r. spectral measurements to determination of anomeric configuration in ribofuranoses is discussed.
9-(3-Anlino-3-deosy-P- D - ribofuranosyl) - 6 -dimethylamino-9H-purine (7))l the aminonucleoside from puroniycin,*-4 has trypanocidaP and tumor-inhibitingi properties in experimental animals. It. was desirable, therefore, t’o synthesize structural variants of 7 in order to determine the relation of structure to biological activity.s Analogs of 7 have been synthesized in which the metliylthic group was substituted for hydrogen at C-2,9 amino was substituted for dimethylamino,I0 the aminosugar was varied,ll and pyrimidines mere substituted for the purine moiety.12 This paper is concerned with the synthesis of analogs of 7 by nucleophilic displacements on 6-chloronucleosides 3 and 14 by amines8 and methoxide. 3’-Amino8 ’-deoxyinosine, 13. l 4 2,3 ’-diamino-3 ’-deoxyadenosine,14, 15 11) B. R. Baker. J . P. Joseph, and J. H. Willizms, .I. A m . Chem. Soc., 7 6 , 2888 119.51). (2) StylornycinQ. ( 3 ) J . K.Porter. R. I. Hewitt, C. W. Hesseltine, G. Krupka, J . A. Lowery, K.R. Wallace, S . Bohonos. and J. H. Williams, Antibzot. Chemotherapy, 3, 409 (19.52). (1) P. N’.Fryth. C. W. Wallpr, B. L. Hutchinqs, and J. H. Williams, J . A m . Chem. Soc., 80, 2736 (1958). (.i) R. I . H e v i t t , -4.R. Gumble, W. S.Wallace, and J. H. Williams, Antitherapu, 4, 1222 (19541. Tobie and B. Highman, A m . J . T r o p . M e d . , 6 , 504 (1956). ( 7 ) 1’. 1.. Bennett, S. L. Halliday, J. J. Oleson. and J. H. Williams, “Antihiotics Anniial 19.54-1955,” Medical Encyclopedia, Inc.. New Tork, N. T., 19,7,j,l i p . 766-769. ( 8 ) 1:or a preliminary account of sonie of t h e material described in this paper pee I,. (:oldman J. W.Marsico, a n d R. B. Angier, J . Am. C h e m . SOC.,
3 ’-amino-3 ‘-deoxyguan0 sine,15 and 3 ’-amino-3’-deoxycrotonoside’5 were synthesized by other paths. Of the several routes available for the synthesis of the desired 6-substituted aminoiiucleoside analogs of 7, the condensation of the chloroniercuri (and or bismercury) derivative of purine, bearing the desired 6substituent, with a suitably blocked aminosugar may be mentioned. Some limitations of this route, the one by which the amiiionucleoside from puromycin has been synthesized,’e are the following: (1) for each analog the condensation of a specifically substituted purine with an aminosugar is required; ( 7 ) each purine may require a number of steps for its synthesis; ( 3 ) the specifically substituted purine must orient the aminosugar to the 9-position; (4) the attachment of purine to aniinosugar must be p ; and (5) the 6-substituent must survive tlie rigorous condensation conditions. To obviate these difficulties it was decided to syiithesize, as an intermediate, a nucleoside bearing a chlorine atom in the 6-position since it was expected that the chlorine atom could be displaced by a wide variety of nucleophilic reagents to produce the desired analog^.'^ Following tlie procedure of Brown and TTrelikylSfor the synthesis of 9-(2,3,5-tri-0-acetyl-p-~-ribofuranosyl)6-chloro-9H-purine1according to the general method of Davoll and I,owy,19a mixture of chloromercuri-6-chloro-
7 8 , 417:i (19.561,
Gj) H. R . Baker, J. E‘. Joseph, a n d R. E. Schaub, ibid., 77, 5905 (1955). R. Baker, R. E. Schaub, a n d H. 11.Kissman. ibid., 77, 5911 (1955). (11) ( a ) R. R. Baker, J. P. Joseph, R. E. Schaub, and J. H. Williams, J . O s g . C i r ~ m . ,19, 1786 (1964); (b) F. J. M c E r o y , B. R. Baker, and h f . J . \\-eiSs, .I. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 209 (1960), a n d references cited therein. (12) H. 11. Kissman a n d h l . 3. Weiss, ibid., 80, 2575 (19,58). (13) I,. Golilman, J. W. Marsico and hf. J. Weiss. Abstracts of Papers, 18Xtd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, Calif., April 1958, p. 23M. (14) L. Goldman. J. W. Marsico. and M. J. Weiss, J . M e d . C h e m . , 6 , 410 (1963). 1 1 0 ) B.
(1.5) €I. AI. Kissman, A . 6. Hoffman, and hl. .I. Weiss. ibid.. 6 , 407 (1963). 116) B. R. Baker, R. E. Schaub, J. P. Joseph, and J. H . Wlliams, J . A m . Chem. Soc., 76, 4044 (1954). 117) When this investigation was initiated t h e displacement of halide froni a halonucleoside by a n amine had not been previously reported. The only
displacements described were by ammonia; cf. E. Fischer a n d B. Helferich. Ber., 47, 210 (1914); J . Davoll and B. .4. Lowy, J. A m . Chem. SOC.,73, 1650 (1951); see also ref. 18. (18) G . B. Brown and V. S. Weliky, J . B i d . Chem., 204, 1019 (1953). (19) J. Davoll and B. A. Lowy, J . Am. C h e m . Soc.. 74, 1563 (1962).
in 587, yield hy refluxing in S,S-dimethylformamidc purine (la) and bis(G-chloropuriny1)niercury (lb)*" 21 was condensed with 2,5-di-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-3-phthal- for 1 hr., dimethj-larniiie being liberated. iiiiido-a-D-ribofuranosyl chloride (Z)9 in boiling syle~it.~ Based on tlie finding that reaction of tlic blocked nucleoside 5 n-itli refluxing methaiiolic tmtylnmi~ic~ for to produce, in O%1007G yields, a glassy crude 6-chloro16 lir. rcsulted in inrthanolysis and aiiiiiiolysis with tlir 3'-phthalirnidonucleoside (3) varying in [a]n from - C) " foririation of tlie aininonucleoside 7 iii 807; yicld (a t' 11r to -45" in different experiments. Tlic iiltraviolet rcfliis g a w only 5054 of 7), nic.tliyl t)cwzoatr ant1 S-,S'hpectra showed that the sugar nas attached otily t o the tlibiitylphtlialaniidc.2' and that rcwtion of tlio hlockis(l !)-position of tlw purine.***3 This m i d ? product n-as nuc*leowlc 8 wit 11 i i i c t l i a n o l i c inctliylaiiiine at 100" f o i carystalliz~dfroin ethyl acetate-lrcsaiir tcJ p i * o c l i i c c rryqtalliiic ~ - j t ' , 3 - d i - 0 - b ~ n z o y l - ~ 3 - d ~ ~ n s y - ~ ~ - ~ l i t l i u l i 1 ~ i i ~ ~ o - ~ - ~led ~ t111,r Sal i' 83' ; of 7, t h c plltlialalllld(~ 6 ]\as 2icattd at 100" ior (iItr. 11 itli rnr~tlianolicr i i c t l i i Ii~il~ofuraiios~I)-6-chloro-OH-purint~ ( 3 ) \oh-atecl witli aiiiiiieSdfordiiig (%(: of 7, i d c ~ ~ t i t +wn tl l i t I t ( > a r i i i i i o iitliyl acctatc, [ a ] u-6%' to -68", in yields of 46-69 niicleosidc1 f r o i n puroinyciii. T l n i h , tlic fi-cliloi o-.i'1 1 1 tlic proton iuagiietic resonaneC spcctruni24of 3 L: plitlialimidoiiucl~~o~ide 3 is the $-aiioiiii>rI\ i t l i t i i c \ i i q a i bigrial n.a- obscrvcd a t 3.07 'T fiwn tlie proton on tlic attached to the !)-poqitioiiof the p u r i r i e . anoinrric carbon which was split by the adjacent proton The rnot1ic.r licluors from tlic crystalline cliloronuclcoto producc a doublet with J 1.3 c.p s. I'roin this side 3 TI ere evaporated to iioii-crystallinc residues ~ar.).evidence alone no aiiomeric assignment could he m a d P ing ill [ t r l i ) froill 7 9" to +52.3' in tliffcreiit exprii( d t i)zJra for discussion of p.1n.r. spectra). nients, and having infrared 311d i~ltraviolet spcct r:i The proof of structure of the chloronucleoside 3 was Yiiiiilar to 3 , intlicatiiiq tlic po-\ihlc prcscncr of tlio obtained by reaction with dimethyluminc in methanol a-aiionicr of 3. at 100' for A hr. in a sealed tutw, conditions under I~roiiin i i i i i t ~ r n uesaiiiplc~ ~ i i i tlic litcraturc it i h knon I I wliicli 6-chloropurine was sniootlily converted by that, condcnqation of n L'-acylosy-l-halo sugar with a diethylaniiiic to G-diethylaminopurine l-nder thew licavy iiietal salt of a purine or pyrimidine gives, :is tlic conditions chloride was displaced hy dimrtliylaminc, niajor product, 3 nuclcoside where tlie purine or pyririithe 0-benzoyl groups underwent transeqterification with idiiir i.: t r m s t o tlie ?-acyloxy group.2S29 Tlie forrnnformation of methyl benzoate, and the phthaliinide was C' I arninolyzed to produce the phthalaiiiide 6.*' The 'ONHII
t,'1
--+ e
__r
CONHR'
phthalamide 6 was obtained from 9-(2,d-di-O-acetyl3-deoxy-3-phthalimido-/3-~-ribofuranosyl) - G - diniethylamino-9H-purine (4)9 and the corresponding 2,sdi-0-benzoyl derivative 59 under the same conditions. The phthalamide 6 was cyclized to the phthaliniide 89 (20) Utilizing t h e procedure of Davoll and Lowy Isre ref. 19) f o r the preparation of chloromercuri derivatives of purines. a solution of 6- oropurine in aqueous sodium hydroxide was treated with alcoholic mercuric chloride (cf. 18) t o give a colorless crystalline product wh1c11,b y elemental analysis, u-as a mixture of chloromercuri-6-chl1;ropurine :la) and h i s 6 cliloropuriny1)mercury (lb). T h e 'products of nunieror~s runs w r i e d in 85% lb t o 70% la 30% lb. composition from 15% la (21) B. It. Baker, K. Heason, H. J. Thomas, and .J. .\. .Idinson, J . Org. Chrm., 2 2 , 954 (1957), h a r e described some vagaries ob?PrreiI in p r e p a r a t ~ o n of chloromerciiri-6-ctiloropurine. (22) C / . J . M. Gulland and F. Story, J . Chem. Soc., 6Y2 il938), a n d references cited for application of ultraviolet spectral d a t a tn assignment of carbohydrate moieties of purine nucleosides t o t h e 7 - or 9-positions of tlie purine ring.. (23) Cf.€3. R. Baker, R. E. Gchauh. a n d J. P. Joseph. J . Ora. Chem., 19, 638 (1954). 124) Prcton magnetic resonance spectra were detprmined with a Varian Model A-GO spectrometer in deuteriochloroform. c values were obtained in t h e usual manner with tetramethylsilane a s internal standard. ( 2 5 ) Calculations based on a Karplus type equationas [ c j . plots by C. D. Jardetzky, J . A m . Chem. Soc.. 8 2 , 229 (1960), and H. Conroy. Advan. Ors. Chrm.. 2 , ,311 (1960), f o r theoretical and observed values] coupled u-ith t h e geonietrical analysis of rihofuranose rings by Jardetrky,*L leads t u t h e unrquirocal assignment of the &configuration to t h a t anomer with .Ji-? 4.3 c.p.s. Both a- and B-anomers can exhibit JI-2 3 4.3 c.p.s. (0 = OD t u 45" and 132' t o 180°) and, therefore, where only one anomer of a pair is avidable, a configurational assignment cannot he made. (26) 6-Subgtituted-aminopurines have hren synthesized by reaction of 6chloropurines with amines in refluxing butanol by J. IT. Daly and B. E. Christensen, J . Org. Chem.. 21, 177 (1956), and in refluxing 2-methoxyethanol by >I. W.Bullock, J. J. Hand. a n d E. L. R. Stokstad, J . A m . Chem. Soe., 78, 3693 (1956). (27) F. S. Spring a n d J. C. F o o d s , Kalure, 168,754 (1946), and references cited therein. have shown t h a t N-alkylphthalimides are readily opened by primary amines to N,N'-disubstituted phthalamides.
+
+
HN
OC' / 4, 5.
R=AL R=Bz
f
'CsH
OH CON(CH3)
6
1
(CHI)??
"/+p> G "
N
,:: s301c264 nip lllbi
(I,
.I
/Lf//.
3.ti'S:
Cqa1ed. fur C3Yti2.'C Found: C, G
S , 11.2.
j;:
C,',
tiI.6:
13. :3.5(j: ('1,
H , 4.:32: PI, 4.02: S. h.01;
0.47. ('r!,st:tllieatioii frolii ethyl :~cetate-liexaiie \vit,Ii the aid i d Strrit, followed by drying at, 56" (0.01 Inin.) for 4 hr., gave 7.1s of colorless long prisms of 3 ( s o h t e d wit'h 0.5 mole of ethyl wetate); it. sintered a t 76-77" t,o an opaque glass and melted -60.9" (c 2.04, CHCI,): :tt 100-10.5" to a clear glass; 11ri 263 mM ( c 12,100): A,"~~:'" 2 ~ nip 1 ( e 10,iOO):",:A: 263 nip ( E 10,700). .!rud. Calcd. for C32H22ClSjC)i.0.:jEtOAc: C, 61.1; H , 3.92: C1, 5.31; S, 10.5. Found: C, 61.1: H, 3.69: C1, 5.07; :1.411,
s,10.4.
The iiiuther liquor \vas evaporated in
LWUO
to yield
LL
residu:il
~1:iss\vhic.h was dissolved in ethyl acetate and filtered through ('ditr. 1Cv:tpor:ition in :t stream of nitrogen gave 5.10 g. of :I t:t~i->.(~il . 211-214". Iter liznt,ion from et8h:znolgave idorless crystals, n1.j). 2118.5 1 2% -26.0" ( C 0.62, 1 3 0 H i : H'i 269 nip ( E 19,400,: A,,I1!;: 277.5 m p ( E 1!),400): A"m u ' s'i'll 27s nip i c , itr,sno~ 1: ria(. Calcd. fnr C16FI24X604: C', 5 2 . 7 : H, (i.(i:
