examination. Because Ruhemann's Purple does not fluoresce, efforts were begun in the early 1980s to convert it to a fluorescent product by a second, postninhydrin chemical reaction. The procedure developed (4) is simple and involves spraying the ninhydrin-treated article with zinc chloride dissolved in a volatile solvent system to prevent "bleeding" of fingerprint detail. Usually, a 1:5 mixture of methanols,1,2trichlorotrifluorethane is used. Zn 2+ forms an intensely fluorescent coordination compound (III) with Ruhemann's Purple. Ambient humidity is necessary for the reaction to occur.
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C Figure 1 shows an example of the detection sensitivity achieved with ninhydrin/ZnCl2/laser examination. Figure la is a photograph taken in room light of a strong print developed by ninhydrin. Zinc chloride treatment and laser examination often are necessary in criminal casework, as illustrated by Figures l b and lc. Figure l b is a photograph taken in room light of a weak print treated with ninhydrin, with no visible development; Figure lc shows this print after ZnCl2 treatment and laser examination. The fused-ring benzo analogue of ninhydrin (IV) and the 5-methoxy analogue (V) can be used in place of ninhydrin and yield intensely fluorescent zinc complexes. The 5-methoxy dériva-
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 61, NO. 8, APRIL 15, 1989 · 559 A
