-book reviews Chemical and Englneerlng Thermodynamics
rium in chapter 9 includes rnolerulnr and ionic reactions as well nu liquid and gaseous - ,.-....... The author ha? written his d~snrsionsand derirntimr clrarly nnd ccmciscly at the lwrl uf hi; intended nudirnrc and with ireaurnr captioned comments. There are amp~ehlustrative oroblems with comolete solutions. Enrh chapwr hns a section of pnhlems, man" of which how direct tndus~rialapplicatiun and significance. The text contains many tahles and charts whieh summarize useful data and equations for easy reference. Except far some confusion coneernine" the Claoevron . and Clausius Clapeynm e q m t i m s rp. 2501 and an oeraiimal rnniiny rqwmon numhrr, there arc wry few errun. IIc~we\~er. readers ma" be cmfwrd hy the different ways of showing figures; same have numbers and captions and some do n,11 In summary, Profersor Snndler has pre. pared a rigorms h w k which r h d d heapprrcmed 0s the d e d i r a t d ~ r u d r n rand in. structm The wmk should nlio serve as a vnlunhle rrtcrcnrr trecauae of iLs many useful charti and rahlci. itsdwelopment of aignifirmt partial derivative relntiww, and its extensive treatment of real solution principles. Forrest W . Oetzen
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Stanley I. Sandler, University of Delaware. John Wiley & Sons,New York, 1977. xviii 587 pp. Figs. and tables. 17 X 23.5 cm.
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This text presents basic thermodynamic principles and applications appropriate for undergraduate students in chemical engineering, and it provides the foundations in thermodynamics for further studies in chemical reactor analysis, mass transfer, and plant design. Professor S. I. Sandler has chosen to develop his subject through the use of fundamental balance equations in an approach which is now common in many areas of engineering analysis. The work is limited mainly t o the principles of equilibrium thermodynamics hut, within this area, the presentation is quite thorough and rigomus. Topics include mass and e n e-" m conservation. entmov.. thermodvnamic orooerties of real suhsbnces. , equ~ltbriacnte~ia,mdtiwmponent mixturw, , equilibrium in mixtures, trw C ~ L W I ( ~phase and equilibria for chemically reacting systems. Basic thermodynamic concerns, meaningful parameters, and experimental ohservations upon which the author hases his develooment of thermodvnamic orincioles. are eivei in the introduction. whici also &&ides
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use in such a manner that the average undergraduate can cope with the theory!'They describe it as being "as useful as the ligand field model in interpreting spectral and magnetic properties of coordination complexes" and further indicate that it "fmds its greatest use in predicting and interpreting the structural problems in coordination chemistry." This reviewer was struck most by the discoursive style of the text. It flows more like a series of well-presented lectures than a texthoak. Most chapters are introduced by a prolog which indicates how previously learned material will be useful in the upcoming chapter and what lies ahead. Similarly, they end with an epilog which highlights the insights developed in the chapter. An additional feature which students should find very valuable is the integration of study questions within the chapters as major topics are comoleted. Ovrrall, the text is sufficiently diffcrrnt in styleand cmphasis that anyone intererred in inorganw chemistry at thermi~/Irt.ginning graduate level should give i t serious consideration. Donald J. Bmwn Western Michigan Universify Kalamarw. Michigan 49008
North Carolina State University RaIe@, North Carolina 27650
The Chemlsiry of Hazardous Malerlals neering units are employed throughout the lnorganlc Chemistry text. In the next two chapters the fundamental Keith F. Purcell, Kansas State Universibalance equations are developed. The energy ty and John Kotz, State University of and mass balance equations are developed New York, College a t Oneonta. W. B. first. Then. entroov is introduced as an additional thermodvnamic varinhle and incor~~,~~ ~ . . ~Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1977. xix 1116 pp. Figs. and tahles. 20.5 X 27 porard into the grnerol halance equations. em. $25.95. I n r w dmerrnt bdlanrr equntion formc are developed for specific applications The first In choice of topics and sequencing, this contains time derivatives and rates of change, text does not differ markedly from numerous and the second relates changes in thermoothers written for the seniorbeginning dynamic parameters in going from initial t o graduate Level. There are initial chapters on final states, and the third describes behavior atomic structure, molecular topologies, and of microscopic states in a field equation form. bonding theory; then nonmetal chemistry, Applications principally concern the first two forms; the third is derived in an appendix. energetin, mechanisms and synthesis; and finally transition metal chemistry and two In chapter 4, partial derivatives and other necessary and useful mathematical relations concluding chapters: molecular polyhedra for obtaining the thermodynamic state variand biochemical applications. While not encyclopedic, it is extensive in size allowing "the ahles are derived. This chapter also includes instructor the flexibility t o pursue his consections on the ideal gas, the absolute thervictions in the topics to he stressed." modynamic temperature scale, and the The authors' expressed goal is to present principle of corresponding states. The following two chapters consider equilibria criinoreanic chemistrv as a focus of man" of the teria, conditions for thermodynamic stability, coweprs students have prrviously learned. In dmng 50, rnrchaniamz and synthet~c one component phase equilihria, partial molar quantities, and equations of state for methodsnnd technique$ are dealt with much mixtures. Important derived relations such more extensively than in similar level texts. as the Gibbs-Duhem equation and the Gihhs Point groups and character tables are introphase rule appear in chapter 6. duced early and appropriate use is made of The final three chapters are devoted to them in subsequent chapters. A strong emGibbsfree energy hehavior,phaseequilihria phasis on molecular energetics and structure for mixtures, and chemical equilibrium. The persists throughout. concept of fugacity and its determination are Although the merits and applicability of considered in chapter 7. Basic principles of valence bond theory, VSEPR, and other solution behavior and equilibrium in solu~nodrlsareprescntrd,a uniquerrnphasmm tions are covered in these chapters. The derhcsn:ulsr overlap model i i to br found. In velopment of principles of chemical equilibthe words of the authors: .'This tpxt is its first
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A388 / Journal of Chemical Education
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Eugene Meyer, Lewis University. Prentice-Hall, Ine., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1977. XIV-370 pp. Figs. and tables. 18 X 24 cm. This hook was prepared as a text for a course aimed a t the education of firefighters. I n order to improve their understanding of the hazards met in their profession, the hoak provides elementary instruction in general chemistry with a more advanced treatment of comhustihle materials. Information is included about toxic products from chemical reactions and their hioehemical effects. (Those who master the course are likely prospects for fire chief.) The hook corresponds in some degree to such texts as "chemistry for nurses" with the strengths and weaknesses we recognize when aiming a course a t a particular class of teehnicians. But this hook has collected much information about modern materials whieh will be useful t o a wide audience in these times, and i t is presented in a manner which will hold reader interest. I t is the conviction of this reviewer that the h w k has potentiality for successful use in a broader chemistry course for nonscience majors. I t is fi lled with examples of chemisw important to daily living. General students who use this text are likely to become beneficially conscious of hazards in their home and office with a resultant improvement in public safety. The hook is chiefly concerned with the acute hazards of fire and explosion, hut a safety chart for common solvents provides warnings about the toxicity of henzene and (Continued on Doge A390)
bcmk reviews other solvents. The book will he a worthy addition to departmental safety references for student use. Faculty members also may profit from perusing the sections on fire and fire prevention. Malcolm M. Renfrew University of Idaho
line rerrhook for a graduate lrwl nmr ape. cialty course. l u two shuncomings are it< lark of problems and its rather concise discussions in places where the student might need a more detailed discussion. Both of these shortcomings can he compensated far in the first case by numerous problems available from other sources and in the second by an expanded discussion provided by the instructor. Bearing this in mind, this text should be given serious consideration by anyone planning a graduate course in the applications of nmr to chemistry.
MOSCOW, !&ha 83843
Stephen 8. W . Roeder San Diego State University San Diego, Califwnia 92182
Analytical Applications of NMR
D. E. Leyden and R. H. Cox, University of Georgia. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1977. ix t 456 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $27.50.
applications," it encompasses such a variety of nmr techniques and topics as to he more eeneral than one mieht euess from the title.
Biosynthetic Products for Cancer Chemotherapy, Volumes 1 and 2
George R. Pettit, Arizona State University. Plenum Press, New Yark, 1977. (Volume 1)rii 215 DD. Fies. and tables. 16 X 23.5 c k $19.50. i h l u m e 2 to be released in May 1978)
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These volumes present a comprehensive, current review of efforts t o identify and develop cancer chemotherapeutic agents from natural sources. Emphasis is placed on research developments from the five years nreceedine 1976. Volume 1 presents an overview of the cancer problem. The first chapter (43 pages) serves as an introduction to cancer as a disease state and provides a review of possible cancer causes including chemical carcinogenesis. A description of therapeutic properties and chemical structure of 32 agents in use in the clinical management of cancer is included. Chapter 2 (12 pages) entitled, "Naturally Occurring Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic Agents" is a brief history of pharmacognosy and cancer research which provides further justification for considering natural sources far potential therapeutic agents. The remaining chapters of Volume 1cover, in a polished writing style, brief descriptions of specific hiosynthetic products for cancer chemotherapy which possess in uiuo antineoplastic activity. Chapter 3 (26 pages) covers terpenoids derived from higher plants. Other compounds with antineoplastic aetivity from higher plants are the subject of short chapters an steroids (chapter 4, 6 pages), lignanes (chapter 5 , 8 pages), and quinones, flavans, and other nan-nitrogenous higher plant products (chapter 6, 4 pages). Many promising compounds which are alkaloids, amides, or Ansa maerolides derived from higher plants are described in Chapter 7 (21 pages). A chapter on fungi and other lower plant biosynthetic products (chapter 8, 32 pages) covers an extremely wide variety of structural types ranging from aziridines to the terpenoid epoxide, verruearin A. The anticancer antibiotics are included in this chapter. Chapters 9 (10 pages) and 10 (9 pages) describe biosynthetic products from other sources including marine invertebrates and vertebrates. Volume 2 provides a summary of the better known naturallv occurrine anticancer and qtoroxic wb.tances tnat havr nppenred in the I:lerarure 10Aprll l97R. An intr~rlurticm 19 prgt.il briefly desmhec rhe prurcis hy which a potential chemotherapeutic agent is
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mented with references and also appendices listing general references, specific references on different topics, and a compound as well as a subject index. It is an excellent survey of the use of nmr in chemistry with considerable depth and' extensive supporting information from many areas of chemistry. The range of supporting materials includes industrial applications as well as applications to fundamental chemical investigations. The discussions of chemical applications are excellent with a nice section on earbon-13 nmr, eonformational analysis, biosynthetic studies, chemical kinetics, and other quantitative measurements. In the industrial applications section topics include coatings, foodstuffs, petroleum, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. This is a welcome addition to an already strong basic chemistry text. Relaxation mechanisms are dealt with briefly (but just to the extent necessary to understand their oriein and imoartance) as ing, sample preparation, and measurement of peak height. There is an up-to-date discussion of instruments and instrumental techniques including stochastic excitation, quadrature detection, and rapid scan nmr. The authors have chosen aniee balanceof knowing how great the range of nmr teehniques to include and knowing haw to limit the discussion to the level and scope that is necessary. Many of the descriptions are not only competent and very well stated but also a bit toosuccinct to beeasily understandable if one does not know much about the area. If one already knows something about the subject, they are very helpful in explaining the tooie eorrectlv. but the dewriotions mav mended highly. Equally important, this hook might he a A390 / Journal of ChemicalEducation
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isolated, purified, and screened for activity. The format for the following 8 chapters is an index-card type consisting of three compoundsper page. The compounds have been grouped into chapters according to natural products chemistry classification and biosynthetic origin and roughly match the sequence of Volume 1. Each group of substances is arranged according to increasing carbon atam content. A description of known properties of each compound is listed including common name, structure showing stereoehemistry, the system and results of screening for antineoplastic and/or cytotoxic activity, melting point, optical rotation, other soectral data,. organism of origin and reference. An appendix to Volume 2 describes the cancer chemotherapeutic in uitro and in uivo evaluation systems employed by the U S . National Cancer Institute. Whereas the index for Volume 1 seemed quite complete and adequately cross-referenced, the index for Volume 2 is a list of organisms and compounds without reference to page numbers in the text and would thus he of limited use in seeking information a n specific cam-
agents are discovered and developed. volume 2 is more appropriate for the specialist in cancer research and would be useful as a working reference for available data on complex molecules with possible therapeutic activity. Patrick S. Callery School of P h a m c y University of Maryland-Eaitimore Baltimore. Maryland 21201
Organlc Chemistry cd Sulfur
S. Oae, University of Tsukuha, Japan.
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Plenum Press, New York, 1977. ix 713 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $40. "Organic Chemistry of Sulfur" consists of 12 chapters organized topically and written by selected contributors. The editor describes it as a "guidebook" with primary use as a textbook for graduate courses. However, libraries should not overlook the fact that a compilation of this sort should be a part of all collections that involve general reference and research functions. The very rapid recent growth of sulfur chemistry has left much room for coordination of information into hook form, and this gap is partly filled by the present manuscript. The contents include single chapters on sulfur bonding, elemental sulfur and its reactions, and wlcanization of rubber, followd by a series of chapters organized by type of sulfur functional group (patterned according to oxidation states). Most notable in ommission as specific topics are the chemistry of sulfenic acids and their derivatives and the relatively recently described sulfuranes. The former, particularly with regard to sulfenyl halides, are represented somewhat through incidental mention in other chaoters. Reference is occasionallvmade to bioloeimore interest to chemists than biochemists,
