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Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 455 (1956) Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 437 (1956)
Thermal Conductivity of Some Organic Liquids An apparatus of t h e hot-wire type for t h e determination of absolute values of t h e thermal conductivities of liquids is described. Accurate thermal conductivity measurements can be made rapidly on relatively small samples with an average per cent deviation from t h e mean of duplicate measurements of 10.4%. Results for a number of pure organic liquids are reported. A convenient method for calculating thermal conductivities of binary and ternary mixtures is also given. 0 . B. C E C I L and R. H. M U N C H Organic Chemicals Division, Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis 4, Mo.
Extender Oils for Nonstaining Rubber Approximately 25% of GR-S synthetic rubber is produced as oil masterbatch. A small amount of oilextended CR-S has been manufactured employing a relatively naphthenic oil and a nondiscoloring, nonstaining stabilizer. As t h e naphthenic oil causes slight staining and discoloration, this type of product has found application only in end uses where color change during normal aging is not objectionable. Above a threshold value of 30 t o 4070, aromatic components cause staining. Solvent-refined lubricating oils of lower aromatic content would be satisfactory for most applications. Tread-type vulcanizate tensile strength and abrasion resistance of Polygard-stabilized masterbatches prepared with these oils are approximately equivalent to those of naphthenic oil-extended rubber vulcanizates. R. L. PROVOST, E. L. BORG, J. L. PAIGE, W. W. W H I T E , and 1. H. HOWLAND Naugatuck Chemical Division, U. S. Rubber Co., Naugatuck, Conn.
Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 441 (1956)
Specific Gravity-Oil Yield Relationships of Two Colorado Oil-Shale Cores Algebraic equations representing t h e oil yield-specific gravity relationships for Mahogany zone oil shales were calculated from data obtained on cores from two locations in Colorado. From the parabolic equations obtained, specific gravities of oil shales may be estimated from their oil yields within &2.5y0 of t h e measured values. These relationships are used to evaluate t h e oil shales obtained by mining sequences of beds and t o estimate reserves on a volume basis from the analytically determined oil yields per unit weight. JOHN WARD S M I T H Petroleum and Oil-Shale Experiment Station, Bureau of Mines, Laramie, Wyo.
Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 458 (1956)
Extension of GR-S Polymers with a California Asphalt Asphalt oils derived from naturally occurring deposits in California have been employed as extenders in a series of compounds prepared from five GR-S polymers of varying styrene content and several different levels of Mooney viscosity. Petroleum-derived extenders containing asphaltenes permit t h e use of up to 3570 more extender (to about 157' asphaltene content), and give improved processibility, reinforcement, elongation, and flex life. Preliminary tests showed improvement in processibility of high Mooney polybutadiene and resultant compounds showed tensile and hysteresis characteristics adequate for tire tread and carcass construction. Gel formation is suppressed as effectively as by asphaltene-free petroleum oil. R. E. ISLEV, F. C. BRUCE. and E. E. STAHLV Burke Research Co., Van Dyke, M i c h .
Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 445 (1956) Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 465 (1956)
Partially Fluorinated Esters and Ethers as Temperature-Stable Liquids
Elfects of Partially Fluorinated Diesters on Elastomers
With an increasing demand for lubricants and hydraulic fluids suitable for use a t high temperatures, liquids for such applications were prepared from aliphatic acids a n d fluoroalcohols of t h e general formula H(CF?),,CHrOH and F(CFz),CHzOH. These were prepared by direct esterification in 907c yields a s were isomeric esters of t h e corresponding fluoroacids and aliphatic alcohols. Because of their m u c h greater hydrolytic stabilities, esters of fluoroalcohols are preferred to those of fluoroacids. A new method for t h e synthesis of partially fluorinated ethers is described. Partially fluorinated esters are promising as high temperature lubricants for gas turbine engines and as base liquids for greases. Other promising applications are discussed.
Measurements have been made of t h e volume swell of several different rubber stocks in both di-n-amyl glutarate and its partially fluorinated analog his(+'amyl) glutarate, t h e diester of glutaric acid, andH(CF& CHrOH. The results indicate t h a t the fluorinated diester has little effect on t h e basic elastomeric materials though it does extract plasticizers from t h e compounded and cured stocks. These preliminary studies indicate t h a t the temperature limitations to t h e use of elastomers in conjunction with certain fluorinated diesters will be determined primarily by t h e properties of the elastomer stocks themselves a t high and low temperatures. This is in contrast t o the plasticizing and solvent action of nonfluorinated diesters on most elastomers.
P D. FAUROTE C M . HENDERSON, C. M. M U R P H Y , J.' C . O'REAR, a'nd'H. RAVNER Naval Research Laboratory, Washington 25, D. C.
F. X C U N N I N G H A M R. C. TAYLOR, and L. 6.' LOCKHART, J d . Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.
