systems is extensive. Ignition, quenching, and stability limits; turbulent flames; detonations; diffusion flames and burning of droplets and sprays; and deflagration of solids are all analysed. Only the theoretical aspects of these are considered, and no attempt is made t,o summarize experimental results except in those fielda for which no comprehensive theory is yet available. The treatment of topics is thus largely mathematical. Knowledge of calculus and differential equations, of thermodynamics and atatistical mechanics, of chemical kinetics, and of molecular transport t,heory is assumed. Appendices are provided for reviewing the last three of these, plus also the continuum and molecular derivations oi conservation equations. The physical chemist can find here an interesting glimpse of the widely varying aspects of chemical reactions in flawing systems. (As is the case for any field which must combine theories from chemistry, mathematics, and physics; he must he prepared to spend a modicum of time just on notation-to recognize for example h = u p/p the familiar H = E PV.) In general, however, the hook is written for specialists rather t,hxn far the general reader in chemistry.
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+
Thermal Methods of Analysis
Wesley W . Wendlandt,Texas Teehnological College, Lubbock, Texas. Interscience Publishers (a division of John Wiley andso ns, Inc.), New York, 1964. x 424 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $16.50.
+
This hook is volume 19 in the chemical analysis monographs edited by Elving and Kolthoff. I t has the unique objective of reviewing the methodology and applicability of the major techniques of thermal analysis. Chapter 1 is a brief general introduotion of 3 pages. Chapter 2 is devoted to the technique of thermogravimetry (TGA) and includes a discussion of operational practice, aourees of error, different,ial TGA, isothermal and non-isothermal reaetion kinetics, fmct,ional TGA, and procedural decomposition temperatures. Automatic balances and thermohalances are thesubjectsin Chapter3. After a brief discussion of principles, the major commercial and "on-commercial equipments, differential thermohalances, and multipurpose equipment are discussed. The applications of TGA are thoroughly covered in Chapter 4. Sample holders, thermocouples and their positioning, heating rate, furnace atmosphere, particle size, sample size, diluents, quantitative analysis, reaction kinetics, derivat,ive DTA, and correlation of DTA and TGA are some of the iscets nf DTA di~russedin Chapter 5. DTA
instrumentation constitutes the subject matter of Chapter 6, while applications are discussed in Chapter 7. The very useful, but much neglected, technique of thermometric titrations is reviewed in Chapter 8. Pyrolytic techniques, including thermal conductivity, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrophometry techniques, constitute the subject matter of Chapter 9. Dynamio reflectance spectrometry is discussed in Chapter 10. Thermal andy&, better described as thermometric analysis, is treated in Chapter 11. Chapter 12, IMiseellaneous Thermal Methods, includea sections on thermoluminescence, oxyluminescence, dilatometry, electricsl conductivity, automatic melting point determination, heated infrared gas cells, and high-temperature x-ray diffraction. Over 50% of the book is devoted to DTA and TGA. These are undoubtedly major techniques in the field of thermal analysis, and deserve the coverage extended to them. However, it was surprising to find that high-temperature x-ray diffraction was cursorily treated in 6.5 pages (including figures) under miscellaneous thermal methods in a chapt,er similarly named. The hook is very legible, well illustrated, and thorourhlv documented. For the convenieneebi-the reader, references are cited at the end of each chapter. The organisation of some of the material might he questioued. For example, simultalle-
(Catinued on page A550)
Volume 42, Number 7, July 1965
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A549
BOOK REVIEWS ous DTA and gas analysis is covered in the chapter on pyrolytic techniques, not in the earlier chapters on DTA. However, when one considers the magnitude of the task, such criticism would he trivial. The temiuetion of the DTA reaction is assumed to occur a t the peak apex (p. 133) and Vold'a work is cited (p. 170) showing the termination well beyond the apex. No explanation is offered for this discrepancy. Kissinger's approach to reaction kinetics is included. However, only recently (1965) has it been shown to he in error. In general, the technical content of the book is very good. The clarity of presentation would make the book useful in the hands of both student and professor and both established researcher and neophyte. To the reviewer's knowledge, it is the first attempt to compile a comprehensive discussion of the major methods of thermal analysis in one volume. Aa such, it will permit more logical decisions to he made with regard to technical approaches to problems and with respect to instrumentation to he applied. C . B.MURPEY Aduaneed Technology Labmatories General Electric Cmnpany Sehaectady, New York Crystals: Science
Their Role in Nature and in
Charles Bunn, Royal Institution, London. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1964. viii 286 pp. Figs. and tables. 13.5 X 20.5 em. Paperbound, $3.45; cloth, $6.50.
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What is a crystal? Why does it exist and how was it formed? What symmetries may it have and how do they affect its external ahape? How does one understand its peculiar optical properties? Charles Bunn answers these questions in a delightful hook which makes few a+ sumptions of specialized knowledge or mathematical facility. Hardly a math* matical formula amears in the book.
reader understand the discussion. One may suspect that this format would lead to a superficial and inaccurate a* count. On the contrary, the simplification is a t the expense of remarkably little rieor. "Crvstals" is recommended as a n introduction to crystallography for the non-specialist who wants a general view of that field. I t is also recommended as a supplementary reading for the college freshman or for the graduate student in crystallography before he gets involved in the mathematical details. I t should be required reading for the author who is about to write a popultr account of hie special research field, or the specialist who denies that his research can he discussed usefully without mathematical jargon.
DAVID H. TEMPLETON University of California Be~kelq
A550
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Journal of Chemical Education
