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Feb 20, 2018 - MS/MS data were acquired in the IDA (information dependent acquisition) mode with a maximum precursor ion number of 10 and a mass range...
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TiO Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Profiling of Candidate Metabolite Biomarkers from Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Rutan Zhang, Qin Qin, Baohong Liu, and Liang Qiao Anal. Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04565 • Publication Date (Web): 20 Feb 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 23, 2018

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Analytical Chemistry

TiO2 Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Profiling of Candidate Metabolite Biomarkers from Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Rutan Zhang,† Qin Qin,‡ Baohong Liu† and Liang Qiao*,† †

Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China



Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious problems affecting public health and safety. It is crucial to understand antimicrobial resistance from molecular level. In this work, TiO2 assisted laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for fast metabolites analysis from intact bacterial cells to discriminate different strains of bacteria and to detect AMR. With the mass spectra of bacterial metabolites by TiO2-LDI MS, multivariable analysis was performed for bacterial identification to find out distinctive metabolites as potential biomarkers. The most statistically significant metabolites were screened out by the method and further identified using liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem MS (MS/MS). Robustness of our developed methods in bacterial taxonomy was demonstrated by iterative validation using 48 clinical samples. The strategy was further illustrated with 3 clinical strains of ESBL (Extended-Spectrum betaLactamases-resistant) positive E. coli and 4 clinical strains of ESBL negative ones. 11 key metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of ESBL positive E. coli. We also implemented pathway and network analysis on the key metabolites to prove the feasibility of our method in executing metabolomics analysis. Comparing to the most prevalent techniques in metabolomics study, such as LC-MS, gas chromatographyMS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the current method gains in simple sample preparation and short analysis time, thereby fits especially in clinical usages and fast analyses.

Microorganisms play a critical role in sustaining lives as they account for nearly one third of the Earth’s biomass.1 There are more than 1,000 species of bacteria in human gut.2 Some bacteria benefit health, while the others severely damage normal physiology. Recent threats to public safety posed by bioterrorism, microbial contamination of food3 and clinical bacterial infection have underlined the need for fast and robust methods of microbial detection. For decades, emergence of drug-resistant bacteria due to bacterial genovariation and overuse of antibiotics has been a serious problem threatening human health, which can increase the risk of bacterial infection and mortality rate. According to the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), worldwide deaths attributable to antimicrobial resistant bacteria could reach 10 million by 2050.4 Recent research has revealed that resistant strains have some defects in central pathways of metabolites. Peng and co-authors observed that kanamycin-resistant Edwardsiella tarda could restore drug sensitivity through exogenous addition of alanine and/or glucose.5 Thereby, it is important to examine how the states of metabolites vary in drug-resistant bacteria. Metabolites, which are non-genetically encoded small molecules with molecular weight