Volume II of the Fourth Edition of Seidell's

RESEARCH RESULTS . , . immediately available All papers listed are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form prior to I&EC publication or alternatively for at least three months.

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A mixture of two solvents, properly chosec, frequently yields much better results in a separation process than either component alone. The technique described seems promising for improving gas absorption and extractive distillation processes.

Solvenl Mixtures for Separation Processes,

R . A . Crieger and C . A . Eckert, University of Illinois M s . 66-335

Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 66.00

26pages (7fipures, 7 table)

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Total payment (check, money order, cash, Unesco coupons) to American Chemical Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Send to:

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RTD of a recycle reactor is derived and the relationships to other models for incomplete mixing are established. Danckwert’s degree of segregation is determined and it is shown that this reactor is always a maximum mixedness reactor. Expressions for conversion are derived.

The Recycle Reactor as a Model of Incomplete Mixing.

David Mi. T. R&bin, Imperial College, London, England

Ms. 6 6 - 3 4 8

Subscribers $2.00

18 pages ( B j g u r e s )

Nonsubscribers $4.00

Describes an all-monel flow reactor incorporating features designed to avoid or minimize standard problems. Operating characteristics are given and probable errors,discussed. An Improved Gas Phase Flow Reactor.

Ms. 66-336

Subscribers $2.00

72pages (Zjigures)

The fin efficiency for thin spherical shells heated on a circular edge a t uniform temperature and cooled by convection with a uniform heat transfer coefficient is derived, and the computed results are presented in a graph.

Fin Efficiency for Thin Spherical Shells.

P. A . Kittle, Rohm @ Haas Company

iVonsubscri bers 84.00

James J . Barker, 70 Walden Avenue, Jericho, New York Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer in laminar Free Canvection with a Moving Interface. Exact and asymptotic solu-

tions are presented for simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a laminar, free convection boundary layer at a vertical surface. The solutions involve nonzero interfacial velocity components both normal and tangential to the interface.

Ms. 6 6 - 3 4 0

Subscrt bers 6 1 . 0 0

S Pages ( 7 j g u r e )


D. V. Cardner and J . D . Hellums, Rice University Ms. 66-337

Subscribers 83.00

2 6 pages (Ijigures, 2 tables)


A Semiempirical Method for the Prediction of Azeoiropic Conditions of Polar-Polar Systems from Pure Component Properties, Proposed method is applicable to solutions of sub-

stances having same functional groups, even if they are highly polar. Method has been verified for eight binary systems. Results for systems of same functional groups are highly encouraging.

A Computer Oriented Approximate Analytic Solution to a Partial Differential Equalion. Method eliminates open loop

integration over extended periods. Hybrid computational approach also means less analog equipment, no time consuming digital integration of nonlinear functions, and very fast simulation.

George A . Coulman, Michigan State University Subscribers $2.00

Ms. 66-357 78pages (Gjigures, 2 tables)


B. N . Raju, D . K . Bansal, and D.P. Rao, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Subscribers 82.00

Ms. 66-342 7 1 pages ( 1 table) Performance

Characteristics of

Nonsubscribers $4.00 Self-Entrainment

Ejectors.

Theoretical one-dimensional analysis by DeFrate and Hoerl is briefly reviewed, and extended to include conditions expected for an ejector operating a refrigeration cycle. Performance data obtained for two ejectors are compared with theoretical.

Found Khoury, Mzchael Heymann, and William Resnick, Israel Institute of Technology, Hags M s . 66-346 3 0 p a g e s (IdJigures, 1 table)

A Noie on Diffusivity Measurements on Small Oriflces in Thin Plates. An apparent decrease in tortuosity factor as thickness

decreases is caused by difficulty in measuring the actual effective concentration at the ends of the orifice. Data illustrating the effect are summarized.

A . Tweddle and G. L. Osberg, National Research Council, Canada

Ms. 66-352

Subscribers $7. 00

7 pages (3$gures)


Subscribers 63,OO Nonsubscribers $6.00

(Continued on page 123) VOL. 5 8

NO, 1 1 ‘ N O V E M B E R 1 9 6 6

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NOW AVAILABLE ..... FROM THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY A valuable, new edition of a n essential chemical reference-

Volume I1 of the Fourth Edition of Seidell’s SOLUBILITIES OF INORGANIC AND METAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Illustrated above a r e two of the 57 pages of data on solubilities of only one inorganic compound, potassium chloride, in various solvents and with various compounds. Volume 11 has a total of 1,914 pages of critically evaluated data, with tables, values a t various temperatures, and melting point all systematically arranged f o r references . quick reference. And data a r e given for 1,281 other compounds besides potassium chloride and f o r 26 elements a s well, covering the elements with symbols from K through Z. Volume I appeared in 1959. With t h e appearance of Volume I1 in 1966 t h e data f o r inorganic and metal organic compounds in the Fourth Edition is now complete , a painstaking revision by Dr. William F. Linke, American Cyanamid

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122

INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y

Company, continuing the compendium started by the late Dr. Atherton Seidell. The book is a time-saving work aid, clearly indexed, and carefully cross-referenced with Volume I in terms of subject matter and literature cited in both volumes.

Seidell-Linke, “Solubilities o f I n o r g a n i c and Metal O r g a n i c Compounds,” F o u r t h E d i t i o n , Vol. I I . iii 1,941 pages. Cloth bound. ( 1 9 6 6 ) .$32.50

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Ovdei. from : Special Issues Sales AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20036

RESEARCH RESULTS Batch Mixing of Viscous liquids,

A helical ribbon blender is shown to be more efficient than conventional agitators for blending of viscous liquids. Scale-up criteria are presented for the various agitators tested, and power requirements are presented as a Power number-Reynolds number plot.

R. T . Johnson, Chemstrand Research Center Ms. 66-353 22 pages (Qfigures)

Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00

Describes a simple design model which gives criteria for existence of R. F. plasmas and predicts division of energy between radiation and gas heating. Experimental confirmation of the model, using a system operating at frequencies from 15 to 28MHz and plasma diameters from 0.8 to 1.6 cm. is included. Design of Inductively Coupled Plasmas.

D. R. Armstrong and Mi. E. R a n i , Universily of Minnesota M s . 66-360 9 pages


Effect of Additives on Ihe Oxidation of Benzoic Acid to Phenol: A Reinvestigation. Addition of antioxidant to the second step of

the toluene-to-phenol process-the oxidation of benzoic acidgave an increase in the amount of tar and decrease in the amount of phenol produced. This is contrary to a previous report.

12pages ( 4 tables)

which provides the design engineer with a means of computing a boiling heat flux or corresponding wall superheat without the problem of finding physical properties of the fluid and without tedious numerical computation.

Walter Frost and Gerald S. Dzakowic, The University of Tennessee Space Instzfute Subscribers 52.00

iMs. 66-372

I 1 pages ( 7 figure, 2 tables)


Prediction of Quaternary liquid Equilibria. Predicted solubility and equilibrium data were compared with experimentally determined values for the systems pyridine-toluene-ethanolwater, and chloroform-acetone-formic acid-water at 2 5 C. and 1 atm. The graphical method was satisfactory when activity coefficients were close to unity.

R. W. Rzebling and J . J. Contz, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Ms. 66-373

Subscribers $3.00

22pages ( 5 f g u r e s , 6 tables)

A’onsubscrzbers $6.00

Fixed-Bed, liquid-Phase Drying with Molecular Sieve Ad-

William D. Gurowitz, T h e Dow Chemical Company

Ms. 66-362

Application of the Correspondence Principle to Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations. Illustrates a technique


Decomposition of Irreducible Systems.

If subsystem elements are represented by nonlinear models, a Boolean matrix (the occurrence matrix) can be used to establish flow of information between variables and equations. A scheme is proposed which orders the system equations for each element so as to minimize the computational effort.

sorbent. Drying of benzyl alcohol by fixed beds of 5A molecular sieve adsorbent was studied. Breakthrough curves were obtained for various bed heights, feed rates, and feed concentrations. Results suggest that an internal solid-phase mechanism controls adsorption rate.

H. M . Gehrhardt and B. G . Kyle, Kansas Sfate Gniuerszty Ms. 66-374

Subscrzbers $2.00

18pages ( 4 j g u r e s , 1 table)

Aronsubscribers $4.00

D. M . Himmelblau, The University of Texas

Ms. 66-366 2 4 p a g e s ( 5 j g u r e s , 4 tables)


Fluid and Particle Motion in Turbulent Stirred Tanks. 1. Fluid Motion. Equations predicting the characteristic velocities of

fluids in baffled tanks, turbulently agitated by turbine impellers, were developed and experimentally verified for a wide range of operating conditions. Range of applicability and scale-up and mass transfer implications of these equations are discussed.

Synthesis and Properties of Siloxane-Polyether Copolymer Surfactants. Low surface tension of certain of these copolymers

makes them excellent wetting agents for low energy hydrophobic surfaces such as polyethylene. They are also surface active in nonaqueous polypropylene glycol systems, a contributing factor in stabilization of polyurethane foam.

B. Kanner, 1% G. Reid, and I. H. Petersen, Union Carbide Corporation M S .6 6 - 3 7 5

Subscribers 32.00

17pages ( S j g u r e s , 5 tables)

Nonsubscribers 54.00

Henry Schwartzberg and Robert E. Treybal, N e w York University

Ms. 66-367

Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6,00

On the Uniqueness of the Steady State for an Isothermal Porous Catalyst. Shows for what kind of kinetic expression the

Fluid and Particle Motion in Turbulent Stirred Tanks. II. Particle Settling. Measurements of settling velocities of dense

occurrence of multiple steady states is impossible and presents sufficient conditions under which a unique steady state can exist for an arbitrary kinetic rate expression.

3 0 p a g e s (8figures, 2 tables)

particles entrained by fluids circulating in baffled tanks, agitated by turbine impellers, indicate that these settling velocities are substantially lower than the corresponding settling velocities in still fluid, and that the reduction noted is not a strong function of impeller speed.

D a n Luss and Neal R. Amundson, Univetsity of Minnesota

Ms. 66-376

Su bscrihers $1 .OO

Nonsubscrzbers 52.00

70 pages

Henry G. Schwartzberg and Robert E. Treybal, N e w York University

Ms. 66-368 17pages ( I j g u r e s , 2 tables)

Subscribers 82.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00

Fluid and Particle Motion in Turbulent Stirred Tanks. 111. Particle Motion. Equations were developed and solutions ob-

tained for slip, over-all, and fluctuating velocities of particles under a variety of assumed particle sizes and densities, agitation speeds, fluid viscosities, Lagrangian integral scales, and drag coefficient levels. Results are compared with experimental particle velocities and mass transfer implications discussed.

Henry G. Schwartzberg and Robert E. Treybal, N e w York Uniuersiiy

Ms. 66-369 2 8 p a g e s ( 7 j g u r e s , 3 tables)


Multicomponenl Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds. 1. General Properties of Equilibrium Systems. Theory for equilibrium

performance of uniformly presaturated, multicomponent ionexchange columns receiving feed of constant composition. Rules for predicting over-all concentration profile or effluent-concentration history and calculation methods for individual transition profiles in systems of mass-action-type equilibria.

Gerhard Klein, Daniel Tondeur, and Theodore Vermeulen, Unzverszty of California

M s . 66-378

Subscribers 86.00

56pages ( Q j g u r e s , 5 tables)

hronsubscrtbers 812.00

(Continued on page 924) V:Ol.

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NOVEMBER 1 9 6 6

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R E S E A R C H RESULTS Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds. 111. Generalized Equilibrium Theory for Systems with Constant Separation Factors. A general analytical solution is given for local equilib-

rium, constant separation factors, uniform presaturation, constant feed, and without axial dispersion. Uniqueness of this solution is proved by use of the new concept of coherence of chromatographic boundaries.

F. G. Heyerich, Shell Deceiopment Company M s . 66-380

Subscribers $1.00

9 pages

yons subscribers

$2.00

Design and the Effectiveness of Feedforward Control Systems for Multicomponent Distillation Systems. Design, using a linear

dynamic model, was carried out for a five-tray, single feed, ternary column. A numerical method is presented for solving rhe model for frequency transfer functions \vhich describe column dynamics. Dynamic effectiveness of controllers is qualitatively related to their steady-state effectiveness.

T . W. Cadman, L'niversity of ~Maryland,and R. R. Rothfus and R. I. Kermode, Carnegie Insiitule of Technology MS.66-392

70.bages (lGJigures, 7 tables) Film Diffusion Controlled Ion Exchange Involving a Selective Resin. Thin bed experiments for forward and reverse exchanges

Subscribers $7.00 ivonsubscribers $74.00

J . P. Copeland and J . M . .Marchello, L'niversiiy of Maryland

Catalysis of Alcohol and Ether Dehydration on Alumina. A recycling reactor was used in measuring partial pressures of all products us. time. Experimental rates and product distributions were substantially affected by temperature, pressure, and feed composition. A kinetic model is effective in explaining experimental observations. Its relationship to recent mechanistic proposals is discussed.

Ms. 66-382

Herman J . Solomon, Harding Bliss, and John B . Butt, Yale Uniaersiiy

of sodium for hydrogen and silver for potassium on Doivex 50W-X8 were conducted. A new dimensionless equation correlated all of the film thicknesses for both pairs of ions. Resin selectivity is an important quantity in the correlation.

Su bscri b e r ~$3.00

29 pages ((?figures)


M s . 66-393 47 pages ( 7 6 j g u r e s , .3 tables)

Optimal

Condenser

Design

by

Geometric

Mordecai Acriel, Bechiel Corporation, and Douglass J . Wilde, Stanford C'nioersity

36 pages

,Yonsubscribers $I0.00

Programming.

Geomerric programming is applied to the optimal design of tubular condensers by minimizing annual cost. T h e solution reveals certain invariances of the optimal cost distribution, independent of fluctuating unit costs and process conditions.

IMS. 6 6 - 3 8 4

Subscribers $5.00

Subscribers 54.00 A70nsubscribers 88.00

Causes of Instabilities in Numerical Integration Techniques. Summarizes the main causes of instabilities \vhich arise during

numerical integration of ordinary differential equations on a digital computer. Available numerical integration routines can be used to approximate the differential equation, but approximate solution may include extraneous solutions. The behavior of these solutions is discussed.

G. Paul Distefano, Electronic Associates, Inc. Ms.

66-394

34pages (dJgfipures, 2 fables) Significance of a single body of control theory is shown, with Hamilton-Jacobi formation illustrating ideas and concepts. Stability via the Liapunov function shown to be inherent part of formulation and solution. Filtering problem comes within same theory, which is also the basis for iterative solution of nonlinear control problems.

Subscribers $4.00 .Vonsubsmibers $8.00

Control, Stability, and Filtering.

Leon Lapidus, Princeton University

Ms. 6 6 - 3 8 5 37 pages ( 7 j g u r e , 3 tables)

Subscribers 94.00 flonsubscribers 98.00

Efficient Preparation and Use of Standard Samples. A composite of samples of known analyses serves as a standard sample whose reference value is, under specified conditions, the average of the analyses. The statistical basis is discussed. Applications in plant and laboratory are described.

Edu,in M . Glocker, JV. R. Grace @ Co., Research Division

'Ws.6 6 - 3 9 5 9 pages

O n the Determination of Isotope Separation Factors at Elevated Pressures. Rayleigh Distillation and Single Stage Equilibration. Under certain conditions, relative enrichment obtained

by Rayleigh distillation decreases appreciably with increased pressure, and is inferior to single stage method near the critical point. Effect of vapor sample size on separation factor measured by single stage is discussed.

D . Basmadjian, University of Toronto, and L. A. Pogorski, Chemical Projects, Ltd., Ontario, Canada M s . 66-387

15 pages ( 7 figure)

Heat Transfer during Polymerization. Lumped parameter equations for polymerization of a casting in a mold wiih convective heat transfer to the environment are solved numerically for three cases. T h e equations may be used to study the effect of dimensions, convective heat transfer coefficient, and environment temperature.

James E . Funk and James F. Thorpe, Uninioersity of Keniucky

M s . 66-396 3 0 p a g e s (IOfigures, 7 table)


O n the Derivation of Second Order Reciprocal Relations.

Reactivation of Acetylene Hydration Catalyst. A deteriorated copper-calcium orthophosphate catalyst for the vapor phase hydration of acetylene to acetaldehyde was reactivated by reimpregnation of the deteriorated catalyst with active copper orthophosphate. An extremely active catalyst, involving reagent grade calcium orthophosphate, was used.

Errors in derivations from a purely macroscopic viewpoint are pointed out, and some implications of a nonlinear theory discussed. A derivation, based on microscopic reversibility, of a general set of relations between second order phenomenological coefficients is presented.

C. A. Wentz, Phillips Petroleum Company

Curtis F. Holmes and Robert G. 'Wartimer, Indiana University

AMS. 66-390

gpages (Zfigures, 2 tables) 124

Subscribers 8 . 0 0 Aronsubscribers $4.00

Subscribers S 7 .OO Nonsubscribers $2.00


INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY

MS.66-397 74 pages

Su bscribers $2.00


R E S E A R C H RESULTS Solution of Fixed Bed Adsorption Equations for General Inlet and Initial Conditions b y Means of Green's Principle. Linear

system of partial differential equations for adsorption of trace contaminants is solved. A matrix of Green's functions is solved columnwise and incorporated into the convolution integrals, giving fluid stream concentration and bed contamination as functions of length and time. Marshall Wernick, AiResearch Manufacturing Company

M s . 66-400

Subscribers $3.00

21 pages (2 tables, 2jgures)

~Vonsubscribers$6.00

Solution of Fixed Bed Adsorption Equations for General Inlet and Initial Conditions b y Means of Green's Principle. II.

Completes the illustration of application of methodology of Part I to fixed bed problem. Also yields a method enabling one to calculate a new set of initial conditions after a major change in inlet condition. Marshall Wernick, AiResearch Manufacturing Company

Ms. 66-401


13 pages Transition

between

Regimes in Gas-Solid

Reactions.

In

discussing diffusional effects in gas-solid reactions, Shen and Smith arrived a t some approximate criteria for limits of the unstable regime. These criteria are made precise with relatively little calculation using a graph related to graphs and formulas for stability estimates published by Regenass. Rutherjord Aris, University of Minnesota

Ms. 66-402 72pages (2jgures) Dendritic Crystallization of Ice from

Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00 Aqueous

Solutions.

Concerns factors which affect spacing between ice dendrites in solutions. Effects of freezing rates, solute concentration, solute diffusivity, presence of more than one solute in a solution, and external magnetic fields were investigated. Pradeep K . Rohatgi, International Nickel Company, and Clyde M . Adams, Jr., Massachusetis Institute of Technology Ms. 66-403 38 pages (79jgures)


Determination of Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Diagrams by NMR Spectroscopy. An easily applied method for accurate measure-

ment of composition of binary mixtures. Method is illustrated by determining vapor liquid equilibrium of azeotropic system p-dioxane-water.

A . Manjaarez, L. Foster, and P. Joseph-Nathan, Centra de Investigacion y Estudios Auanrados del IPN.

Ms. 66-409 17 pages ( 7 jgure, 7 table)


The Rate of Sulfur Dissolution i n Aqueous Sodium Sulflde.

An investigation to find suitable conditions for polysulfide preparation from sulfur and white liquor. Rate of sulfur dissolution in aqueous sodium sulfide and polysulfide was studied at various concentrations, alkalinities, temperatures, specific sulfur surface, and mass transfer. Both a tank reactor and a fixed bed reactor were used. Nils Hartler, J a n Libert, and Ants Teder, The Central Laboratory of the Swedish Cellulose Industry, Stockholm Ms. 66-470 54pages (18jgures, 3 tables)


Autocatalysis Analyzed by Analog Computer and by Experimentation. A simple three-step mechanism is proposed for

autocatalysis and analyzed on a n analog computer for various values of rate constants. Various regularities are noted and discussed. Thermal decomposition of 5-methyl, 2-oxazolidinone is used as an experimental example.

W. E. Walles and A. E. Platt, The Dow Chemical Company Ms.

66-417

30pages (70$gures, 2 tables)

INSTANT BACKGROUND THROUGH I&EC ANNUAL REVIEWS We have a limited number of back issues of I&EC Annual Reviews. While they last, they are available at $1.00 for the set. Not all Annual Reviews are annual, and we have not followed the same publication method over the years. Here's what you can get by sending in your dollar. 1962 ANNUAL REVIEW SUPPLEMENT. A single volume containing reprints of the reviews published in I&EC, and many reviews prepared only for the Supplement, and not published elsewhere in any form. A t 164 pages, it was a previous best-seller at $3.50. Materials of Construction. These are reprints from the regular pages of I&EC. They include: protective coatings, titanium, stainless steel, fibers, elastomers, lesscommon metals, and plastics. Unit Operations. These are reprints too, and include: size reduction, materials handling, crystallization, liquid extraction, distillation, ion exchange, and mixing. Unit Processes. These reviews appeared only in the Supplement. Topics are: alkylation, fermentation, halogenation, nuclear technology, oxidation, polymerization, pyrolysis of coal and shale, and sulfonation and sulfation. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals. Are not reprints, appeared only in the Supplement. Topics are fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mathematics in process control, thermodynamics, computers and automation, and air pollution. 1963 ANNUAL REVIEW SUPPLEMENT. Also bound in one volume, 143 pages jam-packed with value. When fresh, the book sold for $3.50. Materials of Construction. A review of lead appeared only in this volume. Reprinted from I&EC are the reviews of aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, less-common metals, and plastics. Unit Operations. Reprinted from I&EC are the following: particle size technology, materials handling, evaporation, distillation, mixing, ion exchange, drying, and filtration. Unit Processes. Appearing only in this volume are reviews of alkylation, halogenation, oxidation, pyrolysis of coal and shale, sulfonation and sulfation, and hydration and hydrolysis. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals. Appearing in the Supplement only are the following: heat transfer, mathematics, thermodynamics, and mass transfer. Reprinted from I&EC is the review of computers, automation, and process control. Extra Bonus. T. J. Williams provided a many-item annotated bibliography for his review of computers, automation, and process control. This did not appear in the regular issue. 1964 ANNUAL REVIEW REPRINTS. In 1964, we went back to the policy of printing the complete reviews in the regular issues. Three combined reprints are available. Materials of Construction. Contains reviews of elastomers, plastics, protective coatings, stainless steel and ferrous alloys, titanium, and less-common metals. Unit Operations. Contains crystallization, ion exchange, drying, distillation, and filtration. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals. Contains fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, mathematics, heat transfer, mass transfer, and computers, automation, and process control. Send vour order to:

Subscribers 63.00 Nonsubscribers 36.00

VOL.

58

Retxint DeDartment ACS Publications 1155 Sixteenth St. NW Washington, D.C. 20036

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NOVEMBER

1966

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Volume II of the Fourth Edition of Seidell's

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