a
C H E M I C A L SPECIALTIES
AEROSOLS PACE CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DONALD J. SOISSON, Bureau Head CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS, Chicago, III.
Although some chemical specialties registered dropping sales curves or at best showed a sales plateau, the bulk of this chemical industry segment posted sharp sales gains. With a close to 32% gain last year, aerosols outran all other chemical specialties.
New
retail selling patterns and a host of new products all contributed to the segment's overall heady growth rate
Producion of nonfood aerosols
I
f the aerosol industry maintains its present heady growth rate, it may only be a matter of time before some alarmist warns that the entire North American continent is about to disappear under a cloud of hair spray, shaving lather, and deodorant. Last year aerosol output in the U.S. and Canada shot up 31.9% from the number of units filled in 1964 and up about fivefold from a decade ago, according to the annual survey of the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association (CSMA). Other specialty chemicals also registered good sales gains in 1965—but none did so well as the aerosols. Retail sales for toiletries, for example, climbed 11.5% over the previous year. Antifreeze sales, which had been down slightly in 1964, bounced back with an 8% boost in 1965. Similarly, 1965 shipments of soap-type liquid floor cleaners and wax strippers were up more than 17% over 1964. And, synthetic detergent sales kept up their steady pace—gaining 3% over 1964 to reach another record high. However, not all chemical specialties had such a favorable sales record last year. Sales of water-emulsion, self-polishing waxes showed little change from 1964, and appear to have plateaued, while both liquid solvent-
type and emulsion paste waxes were off a few per cent. Hydraulic brake fluid also dropped again, and cooling system chemicals, after a marginal increase in sales in 1964, resumed their downward plunge.
Production of food
Toilet goods
aeresols SSIllilllSfS
Wm
mm 1001
ill!
wmmmimiimmmmmm Sources: Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association. C&EN estimates
96A
C & E N S E P T . 5, 1966
Sharp rise in aerosols Aerosol output soared to a record 1.80 billion units in 1965, an increase of 436 million units over the previous year, according to CSMA's annual survey. Nonfood aerosol production hit 1.71 billion units, up a whopping 32.3% more than the 1.30 billion units turned out in 1964. Food aerosols also had a banner year with output jumping 25.6%? to 90 million units, according to CSMA. In its 15th annual survey CSMA sent questionnaires to 269 companies with aerosol filling lines. Of these companies, 168 replied; last year 163 companies responded out of 296 contacted. CSMA also queried aerosol container makers (14 replied) and valve makers (16 replied). As in previous years, CSMA rounded off the figures reported by these three groups and adjusted them to include the production of nonreporting companies to arrive at the 1965 total aerosol output figure of 1.80 billion units.
Retail sales of perfumes, cosmetics, and toilet preparations
In nonfood aerosols, personal products (which include shaving lathers., hair sprays, medicinals, pharmaceuticals, colognes, perfumes, personal deodorants, and the like) once again led the field. They accounted for 906 million units in 1965. This level of production is an increase of 49.2% over the 607 million units produced in 1964. More than half of the 906 million units were in two categories—hair sprays and dressings, and personal deodorants and an tiper spirants. Personal deodorants and -antiperspirants have become such big sales items that, for the first time, CSMA has listed them separately rather than lumped under the catch-all category "other personal products." These two categories posted a spectacular growth in 1965, climbing 186%. Other big sales gainers in pressurized containers were industrial products and starches and laundry products. Industrial products (oils, greases, lubricants, mold releases, solvents) output jumped nearly 60% from 1964 to 16 million units in 1965. Starches and laundry products were up more than 50% from the previous year. The output of household products (such as room deodorants, cleaners, waxes and polishes, starches and laundry products, and shoe dyes and polishes) increased by 25.9% from 1964 to an estimated 487 million units. In 1964, they had gained nearly 22% over the previous year. Insect spray aerosols also registered an increase for the second year in a row, after sliding for several years. Production of insecticides and mothproofers was up 4 million units to nearly 84 million units, a 5.1% increase. Spray paints and coatings output advanced 2% with an estimated 153 million units compared with 150 million in 1964. Down in 1964, sales of animal aerosol products picked up last year. Animal products, including shampoos, deodorants, and insecticides, came bounding back in 1965 with a 35.5% increase to 8.8 million units. In 1964, they had been off almost 14% to 6.5 million units. Automotive aerosol products' turnaround from 1964 was more modest. This product category, which includes waxes and polishes, deicers, engine starting fluids, and tire inflators, was up 3.8% to almost 30 million units. It had slipped 5% in 1964 to 28.7 million units. Food aerosols output had been listless for several years, before making a significant jump last year. Furthermore, the food aerosol industry estimates its production last year at about 120 million units (C&EN, May 2, page 9 0 ) , significantly higher than the CSMA figure of 90 million units.
Personal and household products lead aerosol growth Millions of units Products
1962
1963
1964
1965
Personal products Household products Coatings and finishes Insect sprays Food products Miscellaneous
481.7 288.8 103.8 89.4 63 55.5
533.5 317.7 127.2 77.6 67 79.0
606.9 386.4 149.8 79.8 72 70.1
905.7 486.8 152.9 83.9 90 81.7
1,082.2
1,202.0
Total
1,365.0
1,801.0
Note: Total is for U.S. and Canada. Source: Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association
The primary reason for last year's improvement in food aerosol output was the success of milk flavorings in the market place. Milk flavorings output climbed from next to nothing in 1964 to about 40 million units in 1965. Cheese spreads and cake decorators also contributed to the food aerosols output, but whipped toppings still accounted for the biggest portion of the business. Output of food aerosols this year will probably be about the same as it was in 1965. Both whipped toppings and cheese spreads will show gains this year because of growing housewife interest and because institutional users are shifting from rechargeable to disposable containers. These gains, though, will be balanced by some slackening of interest in milk flavorings. Gains for toiletries For toilet goods makers, 1965 was another great year. Retail sales of perfumes, cosmetics, and other toilet preparations (excluding toilet soap) advanced to $2.90 billion. This total is an increase of 11.5% more than 1964's $2.55 billion in sales, according to the Toilet Goods Association (TGA). One of the big gainers in 1965 was men's toiletries. Sales of men's packaged toiletry sets leaped 23.2% more than 1964 to $56.9 million, according to an annual survey of toilet goods sales by Drug Topics. After-shave lotion sales were up 13.7% to $68.5 million and shaving cream hit $88.2 million, an increase of 6.5%. Further testifying to the growing popularity of men's toiletries, says TGA, is the fact that such retailers as haberdasheries and jewelry stories are enjoying a much bigger portion of toilet good sales. Fragrance preparations such as perfumes, toilet water, and colognes, and bath salts also had a banner year. Sales of these products pushed to $236.4 million, up 10.2% from 1964, according to Drug Topics. Makeup
preparations cleared the half billion dollar mark in 1965, increasing 7.6%. Hair products continued their good growth, largely on the strength of coloring preparations. Hair coloring sales surged 21.6% last year to $154.4 million. The ranking of various retail outlets was much the same as last year's. The biggest change was again in the "other outlets" category where sales increased from 4.4 to 5.3%. Apparently, more new retail outlets are going in, especially in the men's field, says TGA. On the legislation front, the toiletries industry had less trouble in Congress during the past year than in any of the previous four or five, according to Joseph A. Danilek, outgoing president of TGA. "Congress did not actually introduce or pass any cosmetics amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act," he points out. The industry's "main difficulty in Congress is the Hart 'Truth in Packaging' bill." Most toilet goods makers are very optimistic and look for another substantial increase in sales. Mr. Danilek predicts that by the end of 1970 the industiy will have sales of $4 to $4.5 billion. Successful switch to soft
detergents
In 1965, soap and synthetic detergent sales were greater than 5 billion pounds for the second year in a row and registered another new high. Combined sales amounted to 5.13 billion pounds, valued at $1.32 billion at the manufacturers level, according to the Soap and Detergent Association (SDA). Compared with 1964, combined sales are up 2.0% in volume and 3.4% in value. Synthetic detergent sales continued to march upward—climbing to a sales volume of 4.16 billion pounds and a sales value of $985 million. These figures show an increase of 3.0% in volume and 2.5% in value. Evidently, the switch to biodegradable raw materials (which took place in mid-1965) SEPT. 5, 1966 C&EN 97A
had little effect on syndets in the market place. Soap sales, in turn, continued their slide. In 1965 they dipped to 967 million pounds, valued at $339 million, SDA says. In 1964, sales were 987 million pounds and valued at $319 million. Syndet sales in the first half of 1966 amounted to 2.07 billion pounds, up 2.3% compared with the same period last year. First-quarter sales were off 1.2% (first drop in first-quarter sales since 1958) probably because of strikes at three Colgate-Palmolive plants from Feb. 24 to April 25. Sales for this year, however, are likely to be up from 1965. The detergent industry now has more than a year's experience with the new soft, linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) materials. According to SDA, monitoring data gathered during this period have confirmed the biodegradability of LAS, so any foaming which occurs now probably is the result of inadequate waste treatment facilities. With LAS apparently doing the job, talk of other biodegradables has largely died down. True, work continues on such biodegradable materials as primary and secondary alcohols and the alkene sulfonates. But none of these represent any serious challenge to LAS—at least on the basis of ease of biodegradability.
Detergent sales move up while soap sales go down ^ ^ \ ' ; ^ 3 > £^^£^y^:"v /{;'^|i^u
Sales distribution patterns; for toilet goods has shifted Percent
and specialty stores
Mixed results for polishes liitiiteiteirfi
20 11950 E Z 3 1 9 6 5
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30
40
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98A C&EN SEPT. 5, 1966
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As usual, industrial floor polishes, finishes, and cleaners displayed mixed sales trends. CSMA's survey in this area is limited to floor products used to maintain commercial, industrial, institutional, and public buildings. Sales of retail packages (shelf goods) aren't included. Shipments of water emulsion selfpolishing waxes, off a fraction of a per cent in 1965 from the previous year, have definitely leveled off, says CSMA. Polymer and resin polishes continued to move ahead, with shipments up 11.2% in 1965. These sales performances by polymer and resin polishes reflect the increasing use of buffable polishes in preference to the selfpolishing types. Shipments for both nonaqueous oleoresinous- and lacquer-type floor sealers and gym finishes were up, following the curve of increased school construction. Gains amounted to 9.3% and 7.6%?, respectively. Down again were liquid solvent-type waxes (off 1.5%) and emulsion paste waxes (off 2.2%o). These waxes are used on wood floors, so with better polyurethane varnishes available, maintenance people don't need to wax as frequently as they used to.
The only surprise in the industrial floor polishes, finishes, and cleaners category popped up in liquid floor cleaners and wax strippers. Soap types, a relatively stable category for the past few years, recorded a sharp 17.7% increase, the biggest percentage increase of any of the polishes and cleaners surveyed. In line with previous years, synthetic cleaners and strippers advanced 8.8% and mixed soap and synthetic types moved up 7.2%. Dust mop treatments (excluding floor oils) and sweeping compounds rose 7.5% and 10.9%, respectively, roughly the same growth they enjoyed in 1964. Rebounding
antifreeze
sales
Automotive chemicals pretty much followed form in 1965. According to CSMA's annual survey, output of hydraulic brake fluid continued to decline. Auto cooling system chemicals, up slightly in 1964, reverted to a downward trend. Sales of antifreeze rose last year after faltering in 1964. Again the top performer was windshield washer concentrate, whose output jumped 2 1 % . Production of hydraulic brake fluid was down for the fifth straight year. Output slipped 3.6% from 1964 to less than 9 million gallons last year. Numerous factors are behind this continuing decline, says CSMA, including "better maintenance by vehicle owners, better fluids which are in use and are now required by law in many locations, and better equipment which has less tendency to leak and with longer intervals between servicing." Output of auto cooling system chemicals, which include cleaners, sealers, and inhibitors, declined nearly 1 1 % last year. Total output was 25.4 million consumer packages compared with
28.5 million the previous year. Down in 1962 and 1963, these auto chemicals had rallied slightly in 1964. Bearing the brunt of the general decline in cooling system chemicals were cleaners and sealers. Output of cleaners dropped 12.2% to 4.5 million packages, while sealers slipped to 11.3 million, off 16.6%. Inhibitors and combination water pump lubricants and rust inhibitors edged up 3.3% to 9.6 million packages. Auto cooling system chemicals overall, however, will probably continue to fall off. They are normally used when antifreeze is drained from the radiator, explains CSMA, and now auto makers are using extended-life antifreeze. Thus, drainings will be less frequent. Antifreeze sales climbed to a new high in 1965 after stumbling a bit the previous year. Sales hit 143 million gallons, 8% above 1964's 133 million gallons. Ethylene glycol sales were 141 million gallons, up 9%, but sales of methanol-based materials reverted to form with a sharp fall of 50% to 1.9 million gallons. (Output of methanol products, which has been steadily dropping for some time, had jumped over a million gallons to 3.7 million gallons in 1964.) Responsible for the increase in antifreeze sales is the high automobile production level. Auto makers have enjoyed record sales for the past few years. Also, the practice of installing glycol-based antifreeze at the factory is growing. Windshield cleaning preparations are growing in popularity. Output of concentrate shot up 900,000 packages to 5.4 million packages—a gain of 2 1 % over 1964. The most popular package continues to be the over-eightounce size consumer package. This size accounted for 3.3 million units compared with 2.5 million in 1964.
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