Chemical Crossword Puzzle
Across Metal with highest melting point Almost always mixed with zirconium Radioactive Group I1 metal Heavy, heavy hydrogen Substance which changes the rate of a reaction 17. sugar, an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose 18. Any hydrocarbon with a double bond 19. Lightest of all metals 20. Metal with red and blue chlorides 23. Atomic number 63 24. Only yellow metal 25. Most abundant of the metals in the earth's crust 26. Quartz tinted with manganese impurities 30. Combining form indicating fluorine 33. Very versatile, expensive metal highly resistant t o corrosion 34. Prefix meaning new 35. Silver-white, semimetallic member of sulfur family 38. Metal with brilliant yellow sulfide 39. Saint's name in name given t o a natural flame-likebrush discharge 40. (CHa),CHCH,CHrgroup 41. Prefix meaning not 42. Deep red, volatile liquid 43. Oven in which glassware is annealed 46. To extract or distill 49. Second member of paraffin series 52. Product of destructive dist.illiition ifnat,ural rubber 'S4. Elementary particle of negative clectricity 56. Isolated by Mme. Curiein 1911 57. Element with eight electrons in P shell but none in Q shell 58. Mixture of aluminum and some metallic oxide 59. Product of reduction of C 0 2 with hot coke 60. -NH, croun
1. 8. 10. 11. 15.
66. Levulose; fruit sugar 71. Organic substances containing OH group 72. Semimetdlk element commonly used in poisons 73. Valence of carbon
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Journal of Chemical Education
Down 2 Currently most important source of atomic energy 3. Soft, s h p p e ~ , crystalline form of
its common name 6. Process for making wood pulp using NaOH and NmS 7. Element with ten stahle isotopes 9. Glvcervl ester ofloncchain acids 12. ~ e d i c i n aalcoholic l solution 13. Ultraviolet 14. Any element which is lustrous and malleable and is a good conductor 16. Softest member of aluminum family 19. Soft,heavy, amphoteric metal 21. Used to color ereen flares 22. Prefix meaning four 24. Suffix for negative radical containing more oxygen 27. Reaction which absorbs heat 28. Any biochemical which controls vital processes 29. Vessel used in distilling liquids 30. Reacts directly with all elements except N, 0,CI, and inert gases 31. Last rare earth 32 Any unctuoufa, combustible liquid soluble in ether hut not in water
36. Brown pigment of ferric and manganese oxides 37. Determined composition of water with great precision 38. Lowest ionization potential of any element 40. Entering into no chemical reaction 41. Iminogroup 44. Any of several difficultly reducible metallic oxides 45. Simplest organic acid 47. Indium 48. Densest stableinert gas 50. Common, very strongly magnetic alloy 51. A reflection of sound waves 53. Suspension of a pigment in a drying 011
55. The hydroxyl group 62. Prefix fur straight chain ending in (CH&CH63. Most abundant alkaline earthmetal 65. Greenish-yellow gaseous element 67. Makes luminous paint luminous 68. Country which pioneered development of atomic energy 69. Oxidizing flame 70. The only stable nuclei of mass numb% 151 or 153. (See next i s s w for solution)
PW and T, while water provides the riecessary solvent for reaction. The most common method of study of a complex silicate equilibrium has been to directly study the products of crystallization of some reactive mixture (gels or glasses) or the component oxides. Normally it is found that over a given, P-2' range, assemblage A will crystallize and over some adjacent range, assemblage B. A phase boundary is then placed between these regions. The success or failure of this method in establishing equilibrium depends on rates of nucleation, growth and recrystallization being rapid for all phases. These rates are not ahvavs rauid comuared to the time of experiments and the majority of such studies provide only fields of synthesis. That equilibrium is not established can often he shown by simple analysis of boundary slopes and calculation of entropies of transition. Frequently the slow step is nucleation, less frequently, growth. There is nothing to "tell" a system when the kinetics of these processes must reverse in favor of A or 13. A good example of crystallization in a simple silicate system is provided by the system SiOa-HaO. If silica gel or silica glass is ri'ystallized in wakr in the range 200-50O0C a t pressures of 500-4000 bars, i t is found typically to proceed via the folloiring steps:
phases in molten cryolite (14) are easily measured and provide unambiguous information on relative stability. At the present time we have a reasonable outline of the variables significant in geological processes and the range of behavior of mineral systems. While refinement of these data will occ'ur continuously, new developments must include extension of 25'C aqueous physical chemistry to temperatures of at least 100O0C. This extension will require and cause closer ties between geology and chemistry. Literature Cited
" .
miorphuus
-*
or amorphous
cristohalite
-
-
cristohahte
silica
-
- I
