UC CTS AND
l
E
E EMI A L Ess
DUSTRIES
.b
H E ~ C A L SPECIALTIES, a group containing many so-called consumer products or packaged items for direct w, has probably made the most striking gains of any in the chemical industry. No two compilations in the “chemical specialties” category will he found discussion alike.we For w the the pnrpwea clawdimtion of this of
Herbicides on the other hand appesr to have fared better, e s increases being r e p M for 2,4-dichlom moderate d phenoxyacetio acid, and even a larger gain for the trichloru product. Among the fungicides, copper sulfate continues to lose ground, although it has found application for various purposes in agriculture, in addition to its bsaic employment 88 a fungicide on potstoes. In the short pace of 3 years sales of
the Bureau of the Census, supplemented by data obtained from the industries. The seven divisions in the government report will be found to have had a wholesale volume in 1952 of more than $4.1 billion d o h , or almost a fourfold increase over the prewar year of 1939. Not all of this, strictly speaking, is in the consumer goods c k as we know the term. Fertilizers, with a volume in exof )5oo,OOO,OOO, and paints,which attained a sales volume of over $1.3 billion, enter various channels of commerce in hulk quantities for the most part. However, imcticides and other farm chemicals, cleaning and polishing prepmtions, and glues and gelatin are consumer products in good measure, and the cosmetics, perfumes,and dentifrices which mske the large toiletries group are decidedly consumer package goods. h e of these have marked up steady gains over the years; still others like soaps, insecticides, glue, and paints, failed to carry their sales expansion in 1952.
EXPENDITURES FOR P U N T AND EQUIPMENT fia miYinu nl l n L r J
IN1 1Q51 1951
new structures and
Insectisides and Fungicides
Two d i e a p p i n t i i crop years adversely dected the USB of peeticides during 1952 and 1953. Drought conditions cut consumption materially in both years, and the accumulation of supplies d t e d in declining p r i m for the major insecticides along with r e d u d profits for the manufacturers. Shipments of imcticide and fungicide materiale dropped wme )n,OOO,OOO to $171,000,000 in 1952, and it is probable that the totsl fell even more in 1953. The detailed snmmary of the U. S. Department of Agriculture based on crop years ending with September disclwea simhle 1in the 1953 seaaon for sales of such basic orgSnice aa DDT, bensene hexachloride (includinglindane), parathion, and tetraethyl pyruphosphate.
b
IN1 1Q51
1952
1131
55.b
153 In.’
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1132
I
buns;
Vol. 46, No. 6
U.5. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
copper sulfate have fallen some 43% to 70,800,000pounds. It is primarily a product of the copper refining industry, with almost world-wide demand. Trends in the pesticide industry can be highly uncertain and unpredictable, depending upon insect infestation, crop and weather conditions, and technw logical development. The arsenah not long ago were basic and widely utilized compounds against the cotton boll weevil and various pests that infegt the fruiegmwing sectigns. In a %year period ending with the 1953 s e w n sales of calcium arsenate have fallen about 82% and lead arsenate some 42%.
-Insecticides,
Aerosol Expansion
A postwar development that has figured conspicuously in the expansion of chemical specialties volume is the aerosol preeaurized container. Originally the "bug bomb" of the armed services in World War 11,the idea has been adopted so eagerly in this country that today we have mme 55 different products dispensed through the aerosol container.
SOAP AND DETEROENTS b n m a t d per cnpH. ry and s y n t l ~ ~ k
Herbicides, Fungicides-
pmdudh
Lilliinr 01 pounds
Sales'
pounds
Thwrends of povndr Swrcei
U. S. Depwlmenl ef Apri~ltum
1949-50' I ~ S O J I1~9 s i - s ~1952-53b ~ BHC & lindane (gamma basin). ............... 'Cddum WSeMte. . . . . . . . .
chloro mc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,SU 383.42
n...
Cop e r a d f m O 124,573 2.4-9 a d d . . .. 11::: 17,600 DDT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,638 h a d arseMte.. . . . . . . . . . 27,490 Parathion ............... 2 551 Pmrcthum flowera & dastd. 9:373 9,846 538,592 1.261 969
.:'.:;
1
11,067 4,735 100 122,449 110,097 23,494 25,298 72,688 70,074 30,174 17,452 4,670 4,511 7,098 6,729 -8,520 7,027 401,342 312,000 2.822 2,937 1,711 781 9 , m 39,583
n...
7,085
?E
79.852 26.122 52.748 16.000
::E 4.468
....
4,645
1951
1951
1953
4.50
buns; ESIIYITED BY ASSOC. OF AYIRICIW SOAP AND GLVCiRlNE PRODUCfRS, INC.
lune 1954
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
PAINT, VARNISH AND LACQUER SAUS
Sourre: U.S. BUlfAU OF RI CENSUS
Based on data supplied by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, the Du Pont Co., which is one of the manuhcturers of the propellent gases, and others, sales of aerosols of all types this year will approach or exceed the $200,000,000level. The field now promka to expand even more as the glaas container aerosol opens the idea to cosmetics, perfumes, and other products which offered a corrosion problem in the steel and tin package. Some of the items now sold directly to the consumer in aerosols-and many of them are in the chemical specialties category-are insecticides, room dedorants, spmy+n Christmas “snow,” shave creams, personal deodomta, paints and lacquers, and hair lacquer. Sharing in this rapidly growing business are the chemical manufacturers and suppliers, the contmt “loaders” (a new trade activity), the container manufacturers, the suppliersof aerosol parts such as valves, and the producers of plastics and labels. The propellent gases are fluorinated hydrocarbons made by Du Pont and General Chemical.
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Dentiriees, with the strong appeal they have always had
in this country, registered a d e s volume gain over 1952 of some 5%, which the survey attributes to introduction of the antienzyme products. This did not approach the market gains achieved in the immediately preceding years by the ammoniated and chlorophyll type8 of dentifrices. On the basis of information brought out at the Chicago in 1953, conmeeting of the AMERICAX CHEMICALSOCIETY sumer dollar d e s of dentifrices since the prewar era have expanded some four times, the total being estimated at $145,000,000in 1952. At the m e time, population has increased approximately 20%. The new antienayme products are based on N-lauroyl sarcosinate and sodium dehydroacetate. A TGA survey finds that d e s of fragrance products in 1953 did not change substantially over 1952,perfume volume beiig slightly leas and cologne sales sligbtly more than that year. These products bad been expected to do better. The make up products experienced a slight increase, a loss in face powder being more than made up by tinted makeup bases.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS SHIPPED billions of dollan
2.0 -
2.5
1.1
~
-
Toilet Preparations
The eminent position of a billiondollar market was attained by the group known as toilet prepmtions in 1952,and according to a survey by the Toilet Goods h c i a t i o n and Beat& Fashion magazine, sales reached $1,020,800,000in 1953,a further rise of 1.6%. This is more than double the sales recorded 10 years ago.
*
* 800
(w
100 200
0
1917 bum US. IUREAU OF THE CEYSUS
A very substantial sales g a b took p h e in shave creams, which is attributed to the m m l typea, cost of which is eome what higher per shave than the regular lather and brushless crams. Changing distribution patterns, characteristic of toilet goods, was less pronounced last year. The share handled by drugstoras dmppd from 34.57” in 1952 to around 32% in 1953,while the volume accounted for by department stores and houseto-how canvwers gained somewhat. Paint, Varnish, and lacquer
This is the largeat group in the Bureau of the Census chemical specidties summary, which industry statisticians more properly consider a related chemical activity. It is also one of the more important chemical procesSing or chemical consuming industriw. In any event, ita dollar volume WBB up to a new record of $1,403,000,000last year, in contraat to the $1,34l,OOq,000mld in 1952. It was also more than thm timy thhpSjnt, varnish, and @ uer producta marketed by the idustry i the prewar year of 939. Technology is playing a much more important role in the coatings materials field, and contributing in no small memiire to their growing
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INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Val. 46, No. 6
CHEMICALS (NOT ELSLWHERE CLASSIFIED)
Vdu. d Pndutli Sblpped m i l l i m 01 dollsr
1947 1951
1952
uses. New emulsion formulatiom based upon butadiene, styrene, and other synthetic latices have found wide accept snce, to mention but one phase of developmt. Reaeamh has also provided many new lacquer formulations for aukmobdes and other industrial applications. Printing Inks, Cleaning Pnpamtionr
A field which has contrihuted in an important manner to postwar expansion in printing ink manufacture is packaging.
TURPENTINE Produdion
tLa 80
M
n
This activity, as well as the larger use of ink for books and magazines, accounts for a 350% increase in value of the ink industEy's produds between 1939 and 1952. Packaging has a h called for the use of more color in recent years, three or four colors b e i i employed in lithographing retail packages today in place of one or two used formerly. A factor in this is the greater use of transparent film, especially polyethylene, Mylar, and others which take this kind of printing satisfactorily. More inks are also required for the multiple-ply paper bags used for shipping industrial products. Chemical research meanwhile has led to faster drying inks and better printing with properties not available heretofore. Detergen-aline, synthetic organic, and specialty types-are in the Census group of cleaning and polishing prepamtiom which have expanded almost fivefold since 1939. The total for the larger group in 1952 waa about 5436,000,000 for the products shipped; detergents accounted for approximately S336,700,000,if we may use the sales estimate of the Association of American Soap and Glycerine Producers for that year. Other prcducte usually contained in the cleaning and polishing category include various household prepam tions, chemical consumer goods, lubricants, sulfonated oils, certgin organic and inorganic chemicals, and even insecticides and repellents for household use. Detergents continue to register marked pains, and in this automatic washers play an important role. Competition in the field is keener, and some chemical manufacturers have put out packaged detergents of their own in addition to supplying the organic materiale to others. Detergents, for the 6rat time, p a d soap sales in 1953, when their sales reached a mord total of 1,867,000 pounds, with a value of $425,000,000.
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