SCIESTIF'IC A S D IATDL7STRIA L SOCIETIES. Liebig condenser v i t h a bent .;-lass tube or goose neck, a thermometer registering up to zooo C . inserted and dipping into the benzene and the receiver placed in position. The receiver should be freshly cleaned each day it is used, irith bichromate and sulphuric acid washing mixture, rinsed and thoroughly dried and filled up t o the bulb with benzene such as is used in the distillation. The flask and goose neck should he covered with asbestos or cloth for insulation. As it takes quite a n appreciable time to drive the water from the interior of the particles or mass under analysis it is best not to distil a t first b u t t o hold the benzene in the flask, which is heated by means of a n oil bath a t a temperature of about 110The water then collects in the upper 1 2 0 ' C. for about I t o z hrs. part of the flask, goose neck and condenser. The distillation should then be started and run a t a regular rate of about I drop per second. At this rate the water will all come over before the benzine gets too hot and the latter as it distils does not seem to emulsify very appreciably with the water. To test whether all the water has come over, the apparatus should not be disconnected until cold when drops would be seen in the upper part of the flask and goose neck if the water was not all off. Some of the benzene should be poured back into the flask in such a case and the operation repeated. At the end of the operation a plug of cotton on the end of a wire is wetted with benzene and pushed through the condenser from the upper end t o send a n y drops of water into the receiver, that may have lodged in the condenser and then to rub any drops from the sides of the funnel into the measuring tube and finally t o squeeze out the cotton a s water may adhere to it in spite of its being saturated with a n immiscible liquid. The following table of analyses are given to shoiv the results obtained with the use of this method with some comparative tests with water-saturated xylene and oven tests a t 100' C.
---
Distillation tests.
I
Analyses. P e r cent. P e r cent. Egg albumen . . . . . , , . , . 1 5 . 9 0 15.35
. .
.
Linseed meal -4... , , . . Linseed meal B . Sawdust., . . . . .
.. .. .. .
29.75 11.48
----
Oven tests.
7
3.
2.
I.
P e r cent.
..... ..,..
29.90 11.88
12.08
15.70 29.25 12.25
MORNINGSIDE COLLEGE,
SIorx
CITY,
LA.
CRUCIBLE AND SUPPORT. For more than a w a r the writer has used a crucible and SUDport made in a manner which will be clear by reference t o the enclosed sketch.
..
,
29.51 13.22
(xylene) 5 90 12.00
4.70
5.90
.....
11.80
5.83 9.85
(xylene) 17 2
...
13.2
SAIIUEL
P. S.4DTLER 8r PHILADELPHIA.
OF SAX'L
has the follo\\-ing advantages o w r the conventional glass stopper: ( a ) I t shields the lips from dust. ( b ) It never comes in contact nit11 the liquid hence does away Trith danger of contamination and sticking, the outside collar catching the drop or so of liquid t h a t might adhere to the lip and run down on the outside. ( c ) The stopper can be placed on the desk without soiling i t , The throat of the neck is peculiarly p 1a n n e d . The liquid in flowing through the channel has but little impetus hence will flow along the trumpet-shaped lip and thus be guided into a small test tube instead of spurting over it. Furthermore the enlarged t h r o a t admits air e v e n though the bottle be full, so that the liquid floivs in a steady stream, X German firm has undertaken to manufacture the bottle, and I trust it will soon be available for the general market, I ~ I L F RW. E DSCOTT.
2.
16.5
5.72
...
...
From the experience the writer has had with moisture tests by distillation he is of the opinion that a benzene boiling approximately between 3ooo-4500 F. makes the most suitable medium for driving over water a n d greater application should be found for such means of water determinations in organic substances where oven tests at IOOO C. are not likely to be accurate because of oxidation or loss of volatile constituents. 1.ABORATORY
67
s. SADTLER.
SOS.,
A NEW REAGENT BOTTLE. The annoyance of stoppers sticking, of having t o wipe off dust from the lips of reagent bottles and of having the liquid spurt over the test tube instead of into it led t o the construction of a new form of reagent bottle which I feel will be of interest t o the practical chemist. The cut shown of this form requires but little description. The conventional stopper is replaced by a cap ground on t o a n enlarged portion of the neck of the bottle. The cap is domeshaped, made in two forms with and without a mushroomed top. The dome interior makes it possible to use a cork, if so desired, in case of exceedingly volatile liquids. This cap stopper
Crucible with flaring rim Supported on t h r e e pegs of Plat.-Irid wire.
The flaring rim of the crucible adds much strength; the support is more stable and the flame has a n uninterrupted play where it is most needed. CHARLESE. SWETT.
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY.
R OSTON MEETING, DECEMBER 2 7-3
I , I 909,
For a general account of the meeting the reader is referred to the Proceedings of the Society published in the February number of the Journal of the Amerzcam Chemical Society. The meetings of those Divisions devoted more particularly to applied chemistry are reported in detail in these columns.
DIVISION O F INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. BOSTONMEETING, DEC. 28-31, 1909. The meeting was called to order, Mr. A . D. Little in the chair, Tuesday, Dec. 28th. Mr. Little announced the appointment of the several committees which had been authorized a t the Detroit meeting.
