Surface-Wettability Patterning for Distributing High-Momentum Water

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Surface-wettability patterning for distributing highmomentum water jets on porous polymeric substrates Uddalok Sen, Souvick Chatterjee, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, Ranjan Ganguly, Richard Dodge, Lisha Yu, and Constantine M Megaridis ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13744 • Publication Date (Web): 05 Jan 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 6, 2018

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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Surface-wettability patterning for distributing high-momentum water jets on porous polymeric substrates †

Uddalok Sen,

Souvick Chatterjee,

§

Richard Dodge,

†

‡

Pallab Sinha Mahapatra,

Lisha Yu,

§

¶

Ranjan Ganguly,

and Constantine M. Megaridis

∗,†

†Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago,

Chicago, IL 60607, USA ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India ¶Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700098, India §Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, WI 54956, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Keywords

Liquid jet impingement on porous materials

wettability patterning; jet impingement; non-

is particularly important in many applications

wovens;

of heat transfer, ltration, or in incontinence

hydrophilic; ltration; liquid absorption

incontinence products;

hydrophobic;

products. Generally, it is desired that the liquid not penetrate the substrate at or near the

1

point of jet impact, but rather be distributed over a wider area before reaching the back

Introduction The

side. A facile wettability-patterning technique

orthogonal

encounter

of

a

high-

momentum liquid jet by a horizontal substrate

is presented, whereby a water jet impinging or-

is a well-studied problem in uid dynamics,

thogonally on a wettability-patterned nonwo-

being of practical interest in impinging jet

ven substrate is distributed on the top sur-

heat transfer from heated solid substrates,

face and through the porous matrix, and ul-

in boiling heat transfer,

timately dispensed from prespecied points un-

3,4

and when study-

ing the erosion of solid surfaces.

derneath the sample. A systematic approach is

1,2

59

Apart from

solid substrates, orthogonal jet impingement

adopted to identify the optimum design that al-

on porous materials has also been used for heat

lows for a uniform distribution of the liquid on 2 horizontally-mounted substrates of ∼ 50 cm

transfer, ing.

area, with minimal or no spilling over the sam-

10,11

13

boiling heat transfer,

12

and dry-

Nonwovens provide interesting examples of

ple edges at jet ow rates exceeding 1 L/min.

porous substrates.

The eect of the location of jet impingement

As per ISO 9092, a non-

woven is dened as a manufactured sheet, web

on liquid distribution is also studied, and the

or batt of directionally or randomly oriented

design is observed to perform well even under

bers,

o-set jet impact conditions.

bonded

by

friction,

and/or

cohesion

and/or adhesion, excluding paper and products which are woven, knitted, tufted, stitch-

ACS Paragon Plus Environment 1

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bonded, incorporating binding yarns or la-

reviewed by Zhao et al.

ments,

whether or

port that wettability patterning on nonwovens

The bers may be

can lead to interesting and diverse functionali-

or felted by wet-milling,

not additionally needled.

of natural or man-made origin.

Nonwovens

have been used for products in hygiene, tion,

14

agriculture,

and insulation, applications.

15

14

14

apparel,

14

14

removal of lipoprotein from plasma, trochemical sensing,

20

19

23

lar jet impact study was performed by Kouko-

17,18

ravas et al.,

elec-

there was given to the advective cooling of the substrate.

21

In the present work, a wettability-patterning

and cell prolif-

and in boiling heat transfer.

but on impermeable (metal) sub-

strates and much lower jet ow rates; priority

as electrodes for micro-

22

34

for

as leukocyte removal lters,

scaolds for tissue engineering eration,

such wettability-patterned substrates. A simi-

Recent research shows that non-

wovens can be used as sound absorbers,

bial fuel cells,

impingement of a high-momentum liquid jet on

14

as well as in several millitary

16

re-

ties, but no work up to now has considered the

ltra-

automotive,

Existing studies

technique is used to modify a polypropylene-

24

based nonwoven with the goal to improve water

Despite the diversity in the application areas,

spreading on the sample surface upon orthog-

the primary focus of research into nonwovens re-

onal jet impact.

mains the personal hygiene industry.

One of

strate was modied in such a way that dierent

the main thrust areas of research is on incon-

hydrophobic and hydrophilic zones, with clearly

tinence products, such as diapers. Diapers are

dened wettability contrast lines, were laid out.

made by stacking layers of materials on top of

The former areas facilitated lateral spreading of

each other (bonded together by suitable perme-

the uid (by allowing the uid to `glide' over

able adhesives), with the top (acquisition) layer

the substrate, while oering higher resistance

and the next (transport) layer being primarily

to through penetration), while the latter areas

made from nonwoven materials.

25

14

The top surface of the sub-

A reasonable

oered sites for uid absorption into the porous

simulation of diaper function can be the orthog-

matrix (while hindering planar spreading on top

onal impingement of a liquid jet on a nonwoven

of the substrate). Experiments have been per-

substrate. After impingement, the liquid expe-

formed to identify the wettability design for op-

riences orthogonal change of ow direction and

timum liquid distribution on the surface of the

exhibits planar spreading on the top surface of

porous matrix and for uid absorption by it un-

the porous substrate. Naturally, the wettability

der central and o-set orthogonal impact with

of this top surface towards the liquid is of ut-

respect to the center of the pattern. Typical jet

most importance for spreading and distributing

ow rates were of the order of 100

the uid.

some exceeded 1 L/min.

Indeed, researchers

26,27

have tuned

µL/min

and

the wettability of the top surface of such absorbent products in order to maximize the e-

2

cacy in terms of liquid spreading and the ability to keep the top surface (which remains in skin

2.1 Materials

contact) mostly dry. In such examples, the top surface was made to have a uniform wettabil-

The

ity, with no spatial variation on the exposed terrain encountered initially by the liquid.

hy-