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laboratory instructors and the less exact method of grading experimental work may account for these features of the differences. While the final combined grades which we record with the registrar are not included in this paper, they have been averaged and while the d i e r ences are somewhat less than those of the examination grades, they are of the same order.
Graphite in the United States. Natural graphite is used chiefly in the manufacture of foundry facings, pigments and paints, crucibles, pencils, commutator brushes, stove polish, lubricants, retorts, and batteries. During the last few years the use of graphite in the United States has undergone radical changes. Uses that a few years ago consumed a large proportion of the supply are now relatively of minor importance, and uses which were unimportant have become important. Before the war the manufacture of araphite crucibles consumed more than one-half of the s u.~.n.l v :in 1923 onlv .~. . 15 Der . cent of the graphite used in the manufacture of finish4 pruductr wa5 u s 4 in the manufwture r w t . Fuundry facings used only I0 -ver crnt of the of crucibles, and in 1021 onlv 13 per graphite in 1913; the quantity so used in 1923 was 44 per cent, and in 1924 i t was 52 per cent. Other uses that were minor before the war and are now of much importance are in pigments and paints, pencils and crayons, commutator brushes, stave polish, and lubricants. Graphite is manufactured a t Niagara Falls, N. Y. This branch of the industry was started in 1897, under patents obtained by Dr. E. G. Acheson, and was developed so rapidly that after 10 years the production of artificial graphite exceeded that of naturalcrystalline graphite. Since 1910, except for 1915 and 1920, the output of manufactured graphite has exceeded annually the combined output of domestic amorphous and aystdline graphite. Statistical information in regard to the production of graphite in 1927 is given in a paper recently issued by the United States Bureau of Mines, copies of which may be obtained from the Superintendent of Dacuments. Government Printing Office, Washington. D. C., a t a price of 5 cents.-Chem. ARE, (Oct. 27. 1928). - 19,395 . New Czechoslovakian Chemical Journal. Owing t o the limited number of readers who understand Czech, the Czechoslovak chemists have hitherto published their chief works in journals outside their own country. Nevertheless, many important communications still remained untranslated in the archives of the Czech learned societies and institutions. This circumstance has not allowed a real interndonal knowledge of the actual chemical scientific researches carried out in Czechoslovakia. A new journal entitled Colledia of Czechoslrmak Chemical Communicetions has therefore been established under the joint editorship of Professor E. Votocek and Professor J. Heyrovsky. The first number, which has just appeared, contains four papers-three in French and one in English, and presumably it is intended to publish all papers in the commoner l a m.a g. e s of science. The editors state that this iournal has been founded in order t o publish in full extent the more important communications concerning "pure" chemistry, provided they have not previously been published in any widely known language. Besides this, the Collection will include a bibliography of all publications of Czechoslovak chemists and reviews of their books. The venture is aided by the Czechoslovak Board of Education, and is under the patronage of the Bohemian Royal Society af Sciences. I t will appear monthly, the annual subscriptions being equivalent to 26 Swiss francs, i. e., 170 Kc (El). Subscriptions may be forwarded t o Professor J. Heyrovsky, Charles University, Prague 11, Albertov 2030, Czechoslovakia; or to Dr. G. Druce, 26 Heslop Road, London, S. W. 12.-Ckem. Age, 20, 98 (Feb. 2, 1929). ~
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