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EDUCATION image of a ScienHst
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A handful of t h e public think scientists h a v e peculi arities but o n t h e w h o l e t h e y a r e p r e t t y g o o d "Joes' *
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SCIENTISTS
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I SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
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« E T RESEARCH^ LABORATOIRES I I È U CHEMISTS · ENGIKÔRS ^ « | f W. 15 St. Nev/,Υο^^ΓΝ. Υ.
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DEC. 12,
1955
are intelligent,
diligent,
dedicated, and absentminded. This is one of the survey results from a pilot study of h o w t h e public reacts t o t h e scientist and to science. T h e study was carried out by t h e Survey Research Center of t h e University of Michigan among 200 people of varying back grounds, social characteristics, a n d ex periences. I t was sponsored b y t h e JCivuvO
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and New York University with t h e aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Founda tion. "A survey of 200 people does not, of course, provide conclusive evi dence, but it is extensive enough to b e interesting," says Hillier Krieghbaum, associate professor of journalism at NYU and chairman of t h e NASW sur veys. More than half of t h e interviews were taken in metropolitan Chicago and t h e rest in two rural counties in upstate N e w York—Onondaga a n d Cortland. A key purpose of t h e pilot study was to determine whether a larger survey of this type would b e feasible a n d worthwhile. Both t h e Survey Research Center a n d NASW members believe that a further study would be most fruitful. • Public's Opinion of t h e Scientist. The whole over-all impression of t h e scientist on the public is a good one, according to survey results. Scientists are explorers who are making dis coveries which provide practical solu tions to human problems. Their work is good because of its benefits to others; its ultimate social utility. Scientists themselves are also seen as concerned with these practical applications of their research. They m a y b e given freedom to work because they are re sponsible people working for t h e gen eral welfare. Although they may have unusual personal characteristics, scien tists are good because their products are good. The image of the scientists rests on two basic principles which probably apply to the judging of most occupa tions in American society, says t h e Survey Research Ôenter. T h e person is judged by the product of his work; his product is judged b y its general utilitv.
ί Public's I m a g e o f Science. T h e
public is generally favorable to science, according to survey results. However, some people find science a threat t o established values, behaviors, a n d social relationships. I n times of crises, seeds of threat might grow to an extent where some of t h e public might want to restrict scientific activity. Even i n normal times a person who feels science is a threat to his well being is apt t o attribute t h e differences between scien tists and others t o deviant traits a n d beliefs. H e is also likely t o favor limitations on t h e range of research freedom of scientists. According t o survey results, certain social factors are related to t h e science threat. T h e r e is n o appreciable differ ence between the men and t h e women in the sample on their feelings of threat. However, Catholics are somewhat more threatened than Protestants. Science threat increases with age; but decreases with income a n d education. And when the number of science areas studied i n high school or college is examined, threat is found t o decrease with ex tended science education. It seems probable, says Survey Re search Center, that t h e most important factor to the lessening of t h e science threat is education. • Reaction t o Science News. Almost half of t h e 2 0 0 individuals surveyed want more science coverage i n their local newspapers. Many suggested that other type of news, including sports and society items, be curtailed to make room for wider science coverage. A p parently, according t o survey results, men are more likely to read science news than women a n d prefer more extensive coverage. Also, t h e more educated of both sexes are more avid science readers; a third of those sur veyed h a d attended college. Farm dwellers are less interested i n science than city dwellers b u t differ ences in age a n d income seem to have no relation to a desire for science news. The avid reader of newspapers o r magazines was found to be also a heavy science reader, b u t this possible r e lationship between sheer quantity of "news intake" and science reading does
Can basic & acidic properties in one rnoiecuie help you in your development work? Take a look at Du Pont
Sarcostne
CH3NHCH2COONa
New Text
A clear, aqueous solation of the sodium salt. It combines both basic and acidic properties—may have a faint odor of amine, S P E C I F I C AT I O N S Purity: 13.O±0.5% Methyiamine Content: 0.2% maximum Total Cyanide Calculated as CN: 2 p.p.m. maximum Sulfides Expressed as H2S: 1 p.p.m. maximum pH: 12.0±0.5
Perhaps this versatile secondary amine will help you as an intermediate or reactant in your process work· One in teresting use i s reaction with other compounds t o form foaming agents for toothpaste. Check over t h e properties of D u P o n t *This compound sold in technical grade.
Sarcosine. If you think it m a y help in your development work, j u s t drop us a line on your company letterhead. We'll be glad to send you samples for evaluation. E . I . du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.),Organic Chemicals Dept., Chemicals Div., Wilmington 98, Del.
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12. 19 55
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5379
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not seem to hold, for radio and televi sion. Those w h o listen frequently to radio apparently do not read science more or less than others. On the other hand, TV fans seem t o read less science than others. Researchers caution that t h e 2 0 0 people surveyed do not represent the nation a t large. However, their answers are valuable as indications of the replies that might b e expected in a national survey of h o w people feel about science.
C O N S O U D A T E D , LlAAITED- .
NEW YORK CHICAGO CLEVELAND PHILADELPHIA LOS ANGELES
teaching
assistantsiiips
and research fellowships in biochemis try will b e available to qualified can didates for advanced degrees at the University of Florida"s College o f M e d icine. Facilities for graduate study is one of the provisions o f t h e new $5 mil lion air conditioned Medical Science Building, which i s t o be the first unit in tiie J. Hillis Miller Health Center. Also, the n e w College of Medicine will admit the first class i n Sept. 1956. • University of Pennsylvania is stream lining its program so i t can school some 50% more technical students than be fore. Penn is getting its results by stepping u p theoretical classroom stud ies while cutting down o n shopwork, drafting and laboratory activities that would require n e w plants. • S t a n d a r d O i l o f C a l i f o r n i a p l a n s to
award in 1956 more than $100,000 in unrestricted grants t o 2 4 private col leges in the U. S . as a supplement to the broad program of scholarships, fel lowships, scientific grants, and spe cial services already included in its general program of aid t o education. The over-all program of Standard for aid t o education will amount to ap proximately $1 million i n 1956, says R. G. Folks, Board Chairman. In cluded in this program are 11 funda mental research projects at eight -uni versities, 4 3 technical fellowships, and 216 undergraduate scholarships at some 1O0 colleges. • Sixty-six students w e r e accepted for the second session of the new School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, operated for the A E C by the Argonne National L a b . Foreign countries h a v e 4 5 representatives attending the school; 2 1 from the XJ. S . Represented in the foreign enrollees are 2 1 nations. Of the U . S. students, 18 are sponsored by American industry a n d three are from the AEC. Plans are under w a y for a third session to begin next spring. Project is i n support of Atoms-forPeace program.
