LITERATURE CITED (1) Cassell, R. B , “Xatural Gas Supplies in Tennessee,” Tenn. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
(9)
(IO) (11)
State Plann. Comm., Industrial Resources of Tenn., supplement to vol. 3, 1952. Chem. Week, p. 22, Jan. 15, 1955. Cowan, W. Foster, “Forest Resources Appraisal, State of Tennessee,” Tenn. Dept. Cons., Div. Forestry and Am. Forestry Assoc., 1946. Emmons, W. H., and Laney, F. B., “Geology and Ore Deposits of the Ducktown Mining District, Tenn.,” U. S. Geol Survey, Prof. Paper 139,1926. Federal Power Comm., “Typical Electric Bills,” 1954, Cities of 50,000 Population and More, Table 4, Industrial Service. Gordon, Joseph, C h m . Week, pp. 26-42, Aug. 2, 1952. IND. ENG.CHEM.,47, 36 A (February 1955). Jones, Malinda, “Agriculture,” Tenn State Plann. Comm., Industrial Resources o j Tenn., vol. 2, pp. 28, 29, 33, 1948. Long, W. C . , “Fuels,” Zbid., vol. 3, p. 21, 1948. Long, W. C., “Electric Power,”Zbid , p. 24, 1948. McGann, W. S ,and Cassell, R. B., “Forests,” Zbzd., pp. 2, 9,
11, 1945. (12) Milhous, H. C., “Oil and Gas Developments in Tennessee in 1954,” Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 39, no. 8, p. 846, 1954. (13) Aletcalf, R. W., and Hardeman, W. D., Jr., U S. Bur. Mines, lMinerals Yearbook, 1952, pp 2 , 5 , 1955. (14) Piper, A. Rl., “Ground Water in North-Central Tennessee,” Tenn. Div. Geology, Bull. 32,1932. (15) Place, P. B., Combustion, 8, no. 3 (1936). (16) Reed, A . H., Jr., U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Annual Area Rept. G-21,1954. (17) Secrist, M. H., “Zinc Deposits of East Tennessee”, Tenn. Div. Geology, Bull 31, 1934.
(18) Smith, R. W., and Whitlatch, G. I., “Phosphate Deposits of Tennessee”, Tenn. Div. Geology, Bull. 48, 1940. (19) Steel, 135, 99 (Dec. 27, 1954). (20) Tennessee Copper Co., personal communication from T. A.
Mitchell, vice-president and general manager. (21) Tenn. Dept. Health, Div. Sanitary Eng., “Annual Report of ilctivities, Juls 1 , 1953 to June 30, 1954” (Unpublished). (22) Tenn. I d . Newsletter, Tenn. Ind. & Agric. Devel. Comm., Jan. 1952 and Sept. 1954. (23) Zbid., June and Aug. 1954. (24) Tenn. Valley Authority, personal communication from James E. Watson, Director of Power Utilization. (25) U. S. Bur. Census Annual Survey of Manufactures 1952 (1953). (26) U. S. Bur. Mines, “Bituminous Coal and Lignite in 1953,” Mineral Market Summary No. 2339. (27) U. S. Bur. Mines, Alinerals Yearbook, 1952 preprints on ce-
ment, coal, copper, phosphate, and stone. (28) U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service Statistics, 1954. (29) Watson, James E., “Power for the Wheels of Industry,” presented at 2d Ann. Tenn. Indus. Devel. Conf., Nashville, Oct. 1954. (30) Wells, F. G., “Ground-W‘ater Resources of Western Tennessee,” Tenn. Div. Geol., Bull. 44,1933. (31) Whitlatch, G. I., “Industrial Water Supply of Tennessee,” Tennessee Town and City, p, 17, July 1955. (32) Whitlatch, G. I., “Minerals,” Tenn. State Plann. Comm., Zndustrial Resoirrces of Tenn., vol. 2, pp. 70-75, 81-83, 1948. (33) Whitlatch, G. I., and Cassell, R. B., “Industrial Trends in Tennessee,” Ibid., rol. 1, pp. 10-11, 1949. RECEIVED for review .4pril 11, 1965.
ACCEPTEDSeptember
9, 1965
Industrial labor Supply and Productivity C
OURTAULDS (Alabama) Inc., is a relative newcomer
to the industrial South. I t s industrial relations department feels-\! hether or not this is flag y\ avingt h a t regional characteristics and the Deep South way of life have a great deal t o do with the may the workers in t h a t region feel and think and act-their attitudes toward their jobs and toiqard management as a whole. This is a summary interpretation by Arthur E. Jakernan, Courtauld’s director of industrial relations, of the labor picture in the light of these attitudes, supported by data from the usual sources of labor statistics. b Almost 4,000,000 persons are employed in the major
business occupation groups (mining, contract construction, manufacturing, transportation and public utilities, wholesale and retail trade, finance, insurance and real estate, service, government) in Kentucky, Tennessee, illabama, and Mississippi. -4bout one fourth are women, shon-ing the availability of female workers for industry. 1953 Figures shon- these Ixeakdowns: XIanufacturing
Contract
Construction
b Chemical plante are moving into the South not onlv be-
cause of the availability of natural resources, but also of the good supply of easily trained workers. Kotice the italics. There is no surplus of trained chemical workers, and the chemical industry in the South is stillnew enough t h a t there is difficulty in locating workers already proficient in the many skills required. But there is no difficulty in finding n orkers A ho are quick to learn and who adapt themselves to the industry easily and efficiently. b Southern industrial
TT oikers are not necessarily well educated in academic fields. They are endowed with plenty of coninion sense and endowed with unusually good physical coordination. Much of this comes from of training in the an agricultural background-years skills and arts of farming, with acquisition of patience from handling animals and mechanical knowhow from handling farm machinery.
b Southern workers are, in the majority, native to the .\lining
b Although the top position among the states in the
employment of chemical workers may be somewhat disputable due to definition of terms, Tennessee is
2360
certainly among the top three states in the entire South and Southwest.
area in which they work, and generally desire to stay there. They have a desjrahle stability and sense of security and the result is an average turnover much lower than in other sections of the country. b Production workers in the chemical industry average $1.60 t o $1.80 per hour; maintenance workers $1.85 t o $2.35; office \!-orkers $42 to $90 per week.
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vol. 47, No. 1 1
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