. T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y .
554 Rooms 301-302
Room
303
3RD FLOOR. Sugar Laboratory (Constant Temperature Polariscope rooms are located on this floor adjoining the Sugar Laboratory.) Dr. Wiley’s Private Laboratory
Mr. Bryan.
Mr. Schreiber.
DIVISION O F FOODS,
Rooms Room Rooms Room
304-308 Wash. Food Inspection Laboratory Offices of the Chief 310 311-312 I n Charge of Chief of Division Laboratory of Food Technology 313 Oil, F a t and Wax Laboratory 314
2ND FLOOR. Fermentation Laboratory (Div. Foods) Dr. Lee.
201
“
Mr. Tolman. Dr. Bigelow. Dr. Bigelow. Mr. Chace. Mr. Bailey.
MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION.
Rooms 202-203
.
Room
204 205 206 Rooms 207-209 211-214 L ’“
’* ” “
Cattle Food Lab. and General Extraction Room Insecticides Laboratory Trade Wastes Laboratory Offices of Division Water Laboratory Vegetable Physiological Laboratory
1ST FLOOR. 101-106 Contracts Laboratory 107-111 Leatheriand Paper Laboratory 112-114 Daky Laboratory
Mr. Bidwell. Mr. McDonnell. Dr. Haywood. Dr. Haywood. Mr. Skinner. Dr. LeClerc. Mr. Walker. Mr. Veitch. Prof. Patrick.
BASEMENT.
10 & 1 1 Fruit Investigation Lab. (Div. Foods) Mr. Gore. Cold Storage Plant of the Bureau is located in the northeast corner. Machipe Shop, Sample Room, Glassblower’s Room and Milling Room will also be found on this floor. “
Friday night the members were the guests of The City of Washington Branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association a t a meeting to discuss “The Pharmacopeia of the United States.” Dr. H. W. Wiley presented a communication on “The United States Pharmacopeia1 Convention and the Future of the Pharmacopeia,” which was discussed by prominent members‘of the American Pharmaceutical Association. The meeting closed on Saturday, November 12th.
EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 1912. Satisfactory progress is being made by the officers and committees of the Eighth International Congress. The presidents and vice-presidents of the Sections and Sub-sections have been appointed, and a list of them is given below. Their first meeting was held November 21st, a t the Waldorf-Astoria, in New York City, under the presidency of Dr. Wm. H. Nichols, President of the Congress, and the Honorary President, Professor E. W. Morley. The list follows: SECTIONS AND SUB-SECTIONS AND THEIR PRESIDENTS AND VICEPRESIDENTS. NAMES OF PRESIDENTS ARE GIVEN FIRST, THE NAMES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOLLOWING. I,
Analytical’ Chemistry-Dr.
W. F. Hillebrand, Washing-
ton, D. C.; Prof. H. P. Talbot, Boston, Mass. 2. Inorganic Chemistry-Prof. C. L. Parsons, Durham, N. H . ; Prof. Charles Baskerville, N. Y. City. 3a. Metallurgy and Mining-Prof. J. W. Richards, So. Bethlehem, Pa.; Dr. J. B. F. Herreshoff, N. Y. City. 3b. Explosives-Prof. C. E. Munroe, Washington, D. C. 3c. Silicate Industries-Dr. A. S. Cushman, Washington, D. C.; Dr. Karl Langenbeck, Boston, Mass. 4. Organic Chemistry-Prof. M. T. Bogert, N. Y. City; Prof. W. A. Noyes, Urbana, Ill. 4a. Colors-Hon. H. A. Metz, N. Y. City; Eugene Merz, Esq., N. Y. City. sa. Industry and Chemistry of Sugar-Dr. W. D. Horne, Yonkers, N. Y.; Dr. F. G. Wiechmann, N. Y . City. j b . Industry and Chemistry of India Rubber and Other Plastics-Dr. L. H. Baekeland, Yonkers, N. Y.; C. C. Goodrich, Esq., N. Y. City.
I
Dec., 1910
jc. Fuels and Asphalt-Dr. David T. Day, Washington, D. C.; Dr. F. Schniewind, N. Y . City. jd. Fats, Fatty Oils and Soaps-David Wesson, Esq., N. Y. City; Dr. Martin H. Ittner, Jersey City, N. J. 6a. Starch, Cellulose and Paper-A. D. Little, Esq., Boston, Mass.; Dr. T. B. Wagner, Chicago, Ill. 6b. Fermentation-Dr. Francis Wyatt, N. Y. City; Dr. Robert Wahl. 7 . Agricultural Chemistry-Dr. F. K. Cameron, Washington, D. C.; Prof. H. J. Wheeler, Kingston, R. I. 8a. Hygiene-Prof. W. T. Sedgmick, Boston, Mass.; Dr. L. P. Kinnicutt, Worcester, Mass. 8b. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-Prof. J. P. Remington, Philadelphia, Pa.; Prof. V. Coblentz, N. Y. City. 8c. Bromatology-Dr. W. D. Bigelow, U’ashington, D. C.; Dr. A. L. Winton, Chicago, Ill. 8d. Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology-Prof. J. J. Abel, Baltimore, Md., Prof. W. J. Gies, N. Y. City. 9. Photochemistry-Prof. W. D. Bancroft, Ithaca, N. Y.; R. J. Wallace, E s q , St. Louis, 110. IOU. Electrochemistry-Prof. W. H. Walker, Boston, Mass. ; Prof. C. F.Burgess, Madison, Wis. lob. Physical Chemistry-Dr. W.R. Whitney, Schenectady, N. Y.; Prof. Alexander Smith, Chicago, Ill. I IU. Law and Legislation Affecting Chem. Industry-(No officers elected as yet). I I ~ Political . Economy and Conservation of Natural Resources-Prof. J. A. Holmes, Washington, D. C.; Prof. C. R. Van Hise, Madison, Wis. WOOD TURPENTINE
ASSOCIATION.
A meeting of the Wood Turpentine Association was held at Jacksonville, Florida, on September 24th, and was attended by representatives of a large number of plants engaged in the manufacture of high-grade wood spirits of turpentine and pine oil. The main object of the association at the present time is t o improve the quality of their products and to establish uniform standards to which all the members of the association will bring their products before placing them on the market. The officers of the association are: Dr. J. E. Teeple, of New York, President; Mr. A. J. Grant, of Orlando, Florida, Secretary.
--
PERSONAL NOTES. -William Henry Brewer, professor emeritus in the Sheffield Scientific School of Y a k University, died a t New Haven, Nov. 2d. He was one of the most distingulshed members of Yale’s scientific faculty. He was 91 years old. H e was graduated from Yale fifty-eight years ago, continuing his studies with prolonged residence a t Heidelberg, Munich and Paris. During the Civil War period he was professor of chemistry in the College of California, which he left about 1865 to take the chair of agriculture a t Yale. Professor Brewer had served on more than forty government and state commissions. H e was chairman of the commission organized a t the request of President Roosevelt to draw up a plan for a scientific survey of the Philippine Islands. During his term in office a t , Y a l e he declined the presidency of some thirty agricultural colleges in various parts of the country. His relaxation w$s exploration and mountain-climbing. Dr. Henry Wurtz, chemist and scientist, died November I l t h a t his home, in Brooklyn, in his 83d year. H e was born a t Easton, Pa., and was a graduate of Princeton University and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the author of many scientific treatises and was the first investigator to
RECENT INVENTIONS. prove the existence of gold in sea water. ment positions.
He held many Govern-
li[Jamiitg.-A person calling himself “John Pearson” has been going about among members of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry, representing that he is a relative of the undersigned, in needy circumstances, and attempting to negotiate loans, etc., etc., on that basis. The relationship story is utterly false. (Signed) WATSONSMITH, Editor of the “Journal of the Society of Chemical Ind.”
A man giving his name as John Pearson and talking and acting like an Englishman was in Columbus, O., recently, asking assistance from chemists, and stating that he was injured in a fire in Toledo, O., about six weeks ago. He stated that he was a relative of Rlr. Schweitzer, of the Society of Chemical Industry, and also claimed acquaintance with Dr. Arthur h’oyes, Dr. Wm. A. Noyes, and other prominent chemists. Dr. Schweitzer has disavowed any knowledge of this man.
R E C E N T INVENTIONS. The following patents relating to Industrial and Engineering Chemistry are reported by C. L. Parker. Solicitor of Chemical Patents, McGill Washington, D. C. Building, 908 G St.. N. W., Only a few patents which are deemed of greatest importance are abstracted in this department. Abstracts of all patents appear regularly in CItenzzcal Abstracts. to which publication the reader is referred.
973,776. Process of Extracting Metals from Their Ores. LIAM
WIL-
E. GREENWALT.Patented Oct. 25, 1910.
This invention relates generally to process of extracting metals from their ores but it will be described more particularly in its application to copper ores, and to ores containing copper with variable quantities of gold, silver, lead, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and other metals. Copper ores usually contain variable quantities of other metals, and these metals cannot be recovered by any one of the wet methods now in use. One and sometimes two additional treatments are necessary to extract the gold and silver occurring with the copper, and the lead is invariably lost. One of the essential difficulties with acid process has been that the acid is usually too expensive to admit of extended use in mining
555
The amount of acid which is necessary to provide, in any acid process, is considerably more than that combining with the copper, and all the acid is irrecoverably lost when iron is used as the precipitant. Theoretically, 88.8 pounds of iron are required to precipitate IOO pounds of copper from sulfate solutions. I n practice, it takes from 200-300 pounds of scrap iron. Here, again, a large expense is incurred in providing iron with which to precipitate the copper. The fundamental difficulty, therefore, in treating copper ores in the past by these methods has been the excessive cost of the materials. I n this electrolytic process, the copper is dissolved by dilute acid chlorid solutions, and then precipitated by electrolysis, while a t the same time the acid, which was combined with the copper, is multiplied and again regenerated as free acid, a t the expense of sulfur dioxid and water. Salt is the only chemical to provide, which is not usually contained in the ore. Sulfur dioxid, derived from roasting sulfid ore, is the active chemical consumed. Theoretically, the chlorin in the salt is not consumed; nevertheless, in practice, about one-eighth pound of salt should be provided for every pound of copper produced, The oxid, carbonate, and silicate ores of copper may be treated without roasting. The sulfids are roasted. If the ore is roasted, salt may be added during the roasting. I n working the process, the ore, after being suitably crushed, is placed in large leaching vats for chemical treatment. The f i s t step in the chemical process consists in combining chlorin, generated from metal chlorids by electrolysis, with sulfur dioxid produced by roasting concentrates or sulfid ore, in the presence of water, to form acid. This may be shown by the following reactions: ( I ) nC1 SO, zH,O = H,SO, 2HCl. (2) 2HCI CUO = CuCl, H,O. (3) H,SO, CUO = CUSO, H,O. Both sulfuric acid and copper sulfate react with common salt to form hydrochloric acid or cupric chlorid, so that neither the sulfuric acid nor the copper sulfate could exist in the solution. These well-known reactions are: (4) H,SO, 1- nNaC1 = zHC1 Na,SO,. nNaC1 = CuC1, Na,SO,. (5) CuSO, Cupric chlorid, when warm and in the presence of other metal chlorids, acts readily on-silver and its compounds in the ore to form silver chlorid, thus: (6) Ag CuC1, = AgCl CUCI. From 8-90 per cent. of the silver may, in this way, be extracted with the copper, especially if the ore is given a chloridizing roast. Lead is similarly extracted. If the ore contains considerable silver it is desirable to leach with a fairly concentrated solution of base metal chlorids. The solubility of chlorid in water is limited. By the indirect method of combining the chlorin with sulfur dioxid and water to form acid, any desired strength of acid solution may be obtained from the copper, and a chlorin solution of sufficient strength for the gold. The cupric chlorid solution issuing from the leaching vat is saturated with sulfur dioxid obtained from roasting sulfid ore. This converts the cupric chlorid into the cuprous chlorid, thus: (7) 2CuC1, SO, zH,O = zCuC1 2HC1 H,SO,. The object of this is: First, the electric current deposits twice as much copper, theoretically, per ampere, from a cuprous as from a cupric solution, and with an expenditure of only 65 per cent. of the energy per unit of copper. Second, the sulfur dioxid, reacting with cupric chlorid and water, produces large quantities of acid. A molecule of acid is in this way regenerated for every molecule of cupric chlorid reduced to cuprous chlorid. For every pound of copper reduced
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
districts, which are ordinarily far from the source of acid supply. I t takes approximately 1.5 pounds of sulfuric acid to dissolve one pound of copper as sulfate. If hydrochloric acid is used, it takes approximately 0.6 pound of acid to extract one pound of copper as cuprous chlorid, and 1.1 pound as cupric chlorid. Much of the acid, whether sulfuric or hydrochloric, combines with the base elements of the ore and serves no useful purpose.
+
+
+
+
