NEWS
July 25, 1941 University of Nebraska Oscar H. Johnson University of North Carolina Harry Robert Billica Robert B. House, Jr. University of Notre Dame Robert J. Birkenhauer Carl Francis Irwin University of Pennsylvania Raymond Edward Brandau Howard Hunter Eickhoff University of Pittsburgh Wayne Glausser James E. Glecson University of Virginia Ralph C. Downing Charles J. Geyer, Jr. University of Wisconsin Ray A. Erickson John S. Meek Western Reserve University Frederick S. Leutner Ralph A. Schaefer
EDITION
809
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF GASES by W I L L I A M ALBERT NOYES, JR. Professor of Chemistry, University of Rochester
PHILIP ALBERT LEIGHTON Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University
A . C. S. M O N O G R A P H No. 8 6 The science of photochemistry is constantly growing in importance as a means of extending our knowledge of the behavior of molecules. Standing as it does midway between chemistry and physics, an understanding of its fundamental principles and applications is essential for all those engaged in research in these two vast fields. Much progress has been made, both experimentally and theo retically, in the past ten years, and there now exists an appreciation of the type of data which should be obtained. The authors present this monograph as a review of that portion of photochemistry dealing with reactions in the gas phase. Some of the chapters have been written with a view to teaching the subject matter in colleges; others constitute critical discussions of typical reactions. The volume includes a comprehensive survey of photochemical data, and a detailed bibliography, which will greatly aid research workers in looking up data on a given reaction. It is thus a combined textbook and source book, covering all that is fundamental in this field
CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION; LIST OP SYMBOLS.
EMANATIONS A Rhymer's Plea T H E Editor's 1941 New Year greeting card was a John Held, Jr., caricature of himself in armor, a crystal gazing ball in hand, an assortment of "defense equip ment" within reach, a doghouse in the background, and a "Here's Howe" senti ment—"May You Be Prepared for All Eventualities". An unidentified recipient acknowledged this with the lines printed below. Dear Dr. Howe: I'm glad to see The greeting card you sent to me. It's mighty comforting to know You take no chances as you go; That you have weapons for defense Augmenting your good common sense. With such protection I take heart In this New Year right from the start. Your doghouse seems a guarantee Our NEWS EDITION may be free
From "Emanations" chemists think Are worth your precious printer's ink, When they have tried to write in rhyme Instead of utilizing time For test tube work they ought to do But will neglect so long as you Do not reject with feigned contrition The stuff they send the NEWS EDITION. And so, won't you in '41 Use common sense—also your gun, For though you wound the rhyming writer You'll make your reader's life much brighter. Thanks in advance for what you'll do. Truly yours, A RHYMER, TOO.
P. S. From your doghouse now I bow, But use your gun next time "Here's Howe"!!!
PREFACE;
INTRODUCTION—Definition of the Sub ject and Limitations of the Book. Defi nitions of Terms and Units. The Laws of Absorption. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE OF PHOTO
CHEMISTRY—Absorption Cells and Re action Vessels. Light Sources. Spec trographs and Monochromators. Light Filters and Allied Devices. The Deter mination of Absorption Coefficients. Actinometry. A SURVEY OF SPECTROSCOPY—Types of
Spectra. Line Spectra. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. Spectra of Poly atomic Molecules. Absorption of Solids. PHOTOCHEMICAL KINETICS AND THE DETERMINATION OF MECHANISM—
Quantum Yields and their Interpreta tion. The Kinetics of Thermal Reac tions. Rate Laws and Mechanism. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS RESULTING FROM ABSORPTION EN LINE SPEC
TRA—Types of Process. Reactions In volving Mercury Atoms. Reactions Involving other Types of Atoms. Re actions Following Absorption of the 1849 A. Line.
About 475 pases
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS FOLLOW ING ABSORPTION BY DIATOMIC MOLE
CULES—Reactions Following Absorp tion by the Following Gases: Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxide, Hy drogen Chloride, Hydrogen Bromide, Hydrogen Iodide, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine. Correlation of the Synthe ses and Decomposition of the Hydro gen Halides: Hydrogen Chloride, Hy drogen Bromide and Hydrogen Iodide. Reactions Following Absorption by Gaseous Fluorine. Phenomena Fol lowing Absorption by Diatomic Salt Vapors. PHOTOCHEMICAL, REACTIONS FOLLOW ING ABSORPTION BY POLYATOMIC MOLE
CULES—Reactions of: Gaseous Hydro carbons; Organic Halides: Aldehydes and Ketones; Organic Acids: Cyano gen, Cyanides, andNitriles; Ammonia, other Amines, and Phosphine; Other Hydrides; Azo and Diazo Compounds; Organo-Metallic Compounds; Oxides (including Ozone). Oxygen-Halogen Compounds; Sulfides, Mercaptans, etc.; Carbonyls; and Nitrogen Tri chloride. Conclusions. APPENDICES.—SUMMARY OP PHOTO CHEMICAL DATA ; SUBJECT INDEX.
Illustrated
Price $10.00
REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION330 West Stre New York, Ν42nd . Y. Process for Alumina Patented A DOMESTIC source of aluminum has been unlocked after 10 years of research in laboratory and pilot plant by Arthur Fleischer, Kalunite, Inc., Salt Lake City. The patented Kalunite process produces alumina from alunite at a cost of $35 a ton, which means metallic aluminum at 11.865 cents a pound. At this price the Kalunite product can compete with Bayer alumina, the process used by the Aluminum Co. of America. The method starts with the long-known process of producing potassium alum and sulfate from alunite. The potassium alum is utilized to take advantage of its property of separation by crystallization from solu
tion. The alum is put into an autoclave in which the normal potassium alum is changed to basic alum. This in turn is calcined to separate the sulfuric acid from alumina resulting i n the nonchemical mixture of alumina and potassium sulfate. The latter is removed by leaching. The U. S. .Bureau of Mines recently estimated that there are 13,788,675 tons of pure alunite in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, California, Nevada, and Washington. In the Marysvaie region in Utah at least 3,800,000 tons of ore are available that can be treated by the Kalunite process for the cost reported. This amount is sufficient to assure a life of at least 10 years for a plant producing 200 tons of alumina a day.
