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T H E JOCRiVAL O F I?7Dl-STRI.4L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEIMISTRY
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RECENT INVENTIONS UNITED STATES PATENTS By C. I,. PARKER Solicitoy of Chemical Patents, McGill Building, Washington, D. C .
the carbon contained in the flue dust with the oxygcn contained in the air to sinter or riodulize the flue dust,
Improving Oils. A. McD. McAfee, Feb. 9, 1915. U. S. Pat. Hardening Oils. K. Birkeland and 0. Devik, Jan. 19, 1915. 1,127,465. This is a process of converting a portion of the high U. S. Pat. 1,125,259. Hydrogenation is effected by forming ail boiling petroleum oils unconfined jet of a into lower boiling oils Fiy.1. mixture of oil and a by heating the higher catalyzer and causing boiling oils with aluthe jet t o pass first minum chlorid and through an atmos- distilling off the lower phere of hydrogen and boiling oils I'ormcd. then onto a body of The heated oil is oil whereby hydrogen coolcd while a subis carried down into stantial amount of the body of oil and higher boiling oils reis absorbed as it rises main therein and the through the latter. aluminum clilorid is separated from the higher boiling oil. Treating Ores. J. W. Emerson, Feb. 2, 1915. U. S. Pat. Sodium-Carbonate Crystals. M . Spazier, Feb. 9, 1915. 1,126,965. The blende is separated from concentrates con- U. S. Pat. 1,127,691.The apparatus consists of two adjacent taining it, b y passing a shallow traveling layer of the concen- tanks 8 and 9, a third tank IO, adapted t o discharge into either trates into and through a bath which causes a preferential tank 8 or 9 and a drain receptacle 1 1 , gas-evolving attack upon the blende tu an extent only sufficient located above tanks 8 and 9. t o lift the blende particles slightly above the surface of the I n the use of this apparatus the crystals start their formation about the hangers 13 which are evenly distributed in the tanks 8 and 9 and a t such a distance apart t h a t they do not prevent the crystals falling to the bottom, when, in the process of crys- :, tallization, a sheet of crystals has formed. After crystals have formed in one tank the cross-bars 1 2 and hangers 13 are removed and any solution which is not crystallized is taken out of the tank and placed in tank IO. The crystals are then placed in the draining receptacle I I and the excess or relayer and mechanically removing the thus lifted blende aggre- maining solution is allowed t o drain into tanks 8 and 9. gates from the mass. Recovery of Formic Esters Used a s Solvents of Cellulose The bath may consist of a ten per cent aqueous solution of Compounds. J. Duclatix, Feb. g, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,127,871. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid; or, i t may consist The vapors of the solvent are absorbed in water containing of salt or sulfate of soda, in which case an electric current is a n alkaline agent. A strong acid and a large excess of methyl passed through the liauid from suitable insoluble electrodes t o or methyl alcohol is then added t o the dilute solution and the cause an evolution 01 acid or chlorine which produces a preferresultant formic ester recovered by distillation ential attack upon the blende particles, sufficient t o cause Deposition of Iron. S. 0. Cowper-Coles, Feb. g, 1915. their separation from the other particles of the concentrates. U. S. Pat. 1,127,966. Iron sponge is added t o an electrolyte Recovery of Metallic Oxids from Flue-Dust. G. F. Downs, maintained in suspension and distribution by agitation whereby Feb. 2, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,127,209. Flue-dust is passed in a the acid which is formed is neutralized as rapidly as possible. continuous mass through a rotative cylindrical kiln or furnace Fuse-Igniting Powder. S. Lilley, Sr., Feb. 9, 1915. U. S. slightly inclined from the horizontal and subjected t o blasts Pat. 1,128,158. The powder is composed of chlorate of potash, sugar, sulfur, and cobalt. Explosive. F. Sparre, Feb. 16, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,128,380. The composition comprises a n oxidizing agent and a polysulfide of a n alkaline earth metal. Gas. G. M . S. Tait, Feb. 16, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,128,549. A fixed gas is produced from hydrocarbon oils without material deposition of carbon, tar or the like, by passing them through t h e pores of a heated porous non-metallic decomposing substance maintained a t a temperature of between 1 0 0 0 ~F. ant1
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Hydrogen-Peroxid Solution. J. A. Trimble, Feb. 16, IgI5. U. S. Pat. 1,128,637. This is a 3 per cent aqueous solution of hydrogen pcroxid containing one part of cinchonidin t o approximately ~ 0 , 0 0 0parts of hydrogen peroxid solution.
A u g . , 191;
THlb J O 1 7 R L V l L O F I N D U S T R I ; l L BRITISH PATENTS By D. GUDDESANDSKSON
Chemical Engineer and P a t e n t Chemist, Glnsgow, Scotland
The following a h s t r x t s are taken direct from the patelit specifications as soon as these are published by the British Patent Office. The date given a t the end of the abstract is date of acceptance. Treatment of Fabrics Used in Conjunction with India Rubber. W. E. Muntz. Feb. 25, 1913. Brit. Pat. 4910. Fabrics to Iw sul)sequently used in the manufacture of rubber goods are treatctl in an evacuated \.essel, with n 3 per cent solution of 1)arium hydroxide atid then with a 3 per ceut solution of ammonium carlxmitc. The insoluble Imrium carbonate precipitated in the fibers neutralizes the sulfuric and sulfurous acids formed after the vulcanization of the rubber.-April I , 191j Dyeing or Softening Wood at High Temperatures. L. Petersen-Hviid, Dec. 23, 1913. Brit. Pat. 29,614. The wood, cither in its natural condition or impregnated with liquids which will soften or color it, is heated in a cloccd vessel to a suitable temperature. TVhen the temperature reaches about 13j' C . L: stream of gaseous ammonia undvr pressure is introduced. This treatment prevents the acids which are liber wood a t this tempel-atnrc from injuring the wood 2 5 , 1915.
Manufacture of Casein Binding Material. L. PetersenHviid, Jan. 14,1914. Brit. Pat. 1016. Infusorial earth is added t o the freshly precipit.ated curd. This addition gix-cs a uniform drying and oxidation of ihe casein products and makes it very 14, 191j. easily soluble in alkali.-April Improved Rubber Substance. P. Schidrowitz and H. A. Goldsbrough, Jan. 15, 1914. Brit. Pat. 1 1 1 1 . This relates to a process for ohtaining a porous or spongy rubber substance direct from rubber latex. The latter is coagulated under conditions producing a spongy coagulum, and the pores so produced fixed by vulcanization. The coagulum is vulcanized iti a wet state. One example quoted is: Equal quantities of latex, and a saturated solution of ammonium carbonate are heated 011 a water bath and I per cent of sulfur stirred in. Coagulation is induced by adding acetic acid and the mixture then vulcanized for one hour a t 2S6' F.--\pril 15,1915. Utilization of Peat. M. A. Adam and Wetcarbonizing, Ltd., Feb. 14,1914. Brit. Pat. 3888. \Tet peat'is subjected t o heat trcatrneiit anti dewatered to the condition of a solid or scmisolid mass. I t is then subjected to an electric current under con-
tar. The improvement consists of atomizing the tar by compressed air or steam before adding it t o the coal and pitch. !Then the tar is added in this fashion less than I per cent is required.-March r g , 191j. Extraction of Metal from Metal Bearing Material. W. H. James, April 21, 1914. Brit. Pat. 9846. X solution of a salt, such as sodium chloride, is electrolyzed in a separate electrolyzer. The respective electrolyzed solutions in the vicinities of the electrodes are withdrawn and the anode product is passed t o a receptacle containing the metal-bearing material. The solution, after dissolving the base metal, is withdrawn from t h e material and is mixed with the solution from the cathode of the electrolyzer and the metal content is precipitated: I is a vat provided irith filter flour 2 ; 3 is the electrolyzer with electrodes j and S, which are surrounded by pipes 9 and 10 for withdrawing the solutions.--Spril I.;, 1915. Alloys of Iron and Steel. B. Talbot, April 29, 1914. Brit. Pat. 10,582and 10,877. Copper, 0.3 per cent t o 3 per cent, is added t o soft steel or ingot iron. The metal is then rolled down t o a suitable sized flat, cut up and piled. The piles are heated in a furnace t o a welding temperature and are then cogged or hammered and rolled into sheets. The alloy is said to possess great poTwrs of resisting corrosion.--Xpril I j, 191j.
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Composite Briquette Fuel. E. Eaton. May 8, 1914. Brit. Pat. 11,345. The material consists of: chalk 88 pcr cent, solidified tar 1 2 per cent. ,This niisturc is ground, and during the grinding process is suhjected to steam impregiiatcd with pctroleum oil vapor obtained by passing the steam through a closed tank containing oil.--?rlarch 2 5 , 1 9 r j . Refining and Distillation of Oils. K. Birkeland and 0. Devik, May 14, 1914. Brit. Pat. 11,588. X mixture of oil and mater vapor is produced by forming a jet of the oil anti causing this jet t o pass first through an atmosphere of m-ater vapor and then into a body of oil. I n this manner the watcr 7-apor forms an emulsion Tyith the oil and the emulsion is passed into a low pressure receptacle where the vapor is allowed to escape and become condensed. Ah auto- I c l a w I is connected with a receptacle +, which communicates Tr-ith a vacuum pump. XVater nipor is led through j and oil through injectors 6. The emulsion is coiiveyecl through j t(J the low pressure chamber I.--April S, 1 9 1 j . Cellulose Compounds. Courtaulds Ltd. W. H. Glover and L. P. Wilson, May 27, 1014. Brit. Pat. 13,055. Refers in particular to the manufacture of x-iscose. The oxidation of the alkali-cellulose is efiected b y blowing air through it, or by treating it with soluble peroxides, e. g., 2 kilos of sodium pcroxide are dissolved in 2 0 0 kilos of 17,jper cent solution of caustic soda and j kilos mood pulp are immersed in the liquid at :I temperature of I S " C . for about 4 hours. The product is then removed and pressed until it is about I j kilos in weight, after ditions a d a p t e d t o secure electrosrnose, and to pressure in a which i t is ground and a t once conwrted into xanthate 11y the \pace of graduallv decreased volume The drair ing shon s action of carbon bisulfide.-April I j , 191j. the n e s t\ pe of iil+Lerpress, \\hic!i ha5 collapsible chambers Cleaning and Polishing Compound. C. E. Challis, June 23, a i d is pro\ idid n ith electrodes in each chamber t o pas5 current 1914. Brit. Pat. 14,963. This consists of a mixture of kieselthrough tht cahei of p i n t \?lien formed -a\pril 14,1915 guhr, pumice, oxide of iron, rottenstone, emery, Xeuberg chalk, Agglomerated Combustibles. L. Martel, March 26, 1914. oxalate o r ammoiiia, and powdered soap. This mixture is Brit. Pat. 7664. Thi5 i n ~ e n t i o nrelates t o the mdnufacture of made into a paste with oleic acid and a little Russian turpen'igglomrrated combu~til~les made ith cool grouud pitch, and titie.--April 8 . 191j .
