Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain

Dec 11, 2017 - (2). Hg in oil, air, and water is reported to occur as elemental Hg(0), and .... A 1 ppm of Hg standard solution (Brooks Rand Laborator...
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Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain Astrid Avellan, John Stegemeier, Ke Gai, James G Dale, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Clément Levard, Dennis O'Rear, Thomas P Hoelen, and Gregory V. Lowry Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05066 • Publication Date (Web): 11 Dec 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 14, 2017

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Environmental Science & Technology

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Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain

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Astrid Avellan1,2, John Stegemeier1,2, Ke Gai1,2, James Dale2,3, Heileen Hsu-Kim2,4, Clément Levard2,5 ,Dennis O’Rear6, Thomas P. Hoelen6, Gregory V. Lowry1,2*

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*[email protected] 119 Porter hall, Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA.

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 3 Virginia Tech, Geological and Environmental Science, Blacksburg, VA 4 Duke University, Civil & Env. Eng., Durham, NC 5 Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France. 6 Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond CA 94802 2

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Revised manuscript submitted to:

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Environmental Science & Technology

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ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Environmental Science & Technology

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Abstract

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Petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas condensate can contain low levels of mercury (Hg).

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The speciation of Hg can affect its behavior during processing, transport, and storage so

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efficient and safe management of Hg requires an understanding of its chemical form in oil,

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gas and byproducts. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg

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speciation in samples of solid residues collected throughout the petroleum value chain

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including stabilized crude oil residues, sediments from separation tanks and condensate

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glycol dehydrators, distillation column pipe scale, and biosludge from wastewater treatment.

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In all samples except glycol dehydrators, metacinnabar (β-HgS) was the primary form of Hg.

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Electron microscopy on particles from a crude sediment showed nano-sized (