IIay, 1964
BOOKREVIEW^
393
acid, the c,orresponding chloride I11 ( X = CI) was obtained, m.p. '. .Inal. Calcd. for CliH1,C1: C, 80.10; H, 5.89; C1, 13.95. Found: C, 80.48; H, 5.01; C1, 13.06.
and the solvent' removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in ether and the solution washed with hydrochloric acid, S sodium bicarbonate, and finally water until the aqueous layer remained clear. Drying over 3IgSO4 and removal of the ether yielded 12 g. of a mixture of yelloiv and red crystals. The crude material was dissolved in hot 955; ethanol, and subsequent cooling to room temperature gave red crystals (135 mg.), m.p. 215' dec. The structure of this compound Synthesis of remains unknonn. 1,4-Naphthohydroquinone-2-carboxanilide and Anal. Calcd. for C3&4r\T?Os (quinhydrone): C, 73.17; H, 4.39: N,5.07. Found: C,i4.83; H,4.47; S,7.20. 1,4-Saphthoquinone-2-carboxani1ide1 Concentration of the mother liquor gave 10 g. of crude 1,4naphthohydroquinone-2-carboxanilide. Five recrystallizations ICESNE'TH SWIATEK A S D STEPHEX B. BINKLEY from benzene gave 3.70 g. (11%) of light tan crystals, m.p. 212' dec. Anal. Calcd. for C ~ ~ H I ~ SC,O 73.28; ~: H, 4.71; N , 5.06. Department of Biological Chemistry. Cniversity of" Found: C, i3.12: H, 4.87: N, 5.24. Illinois College of Xedicine, Chicago, Illinois Infrared absorption in KBr, 2.0 (OH), 3.1 (X-H), 6.2, and 6.3 p (C=O); ultraviolet absorption in EtOH,, , ,A 270 and 360 m p ; Received Noaeiizber S , 1963 A,, 245 and 328 nip. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-2-carboxanilic~e.-To 260 mg. [ J f 1!4naphthohydrociuirione-2-~:~rt)~)x:iriilidein anhydrous ether \vas Truit2 reported that various derivatives of 2-acylamino-3added 2 g. of silver oside and 2 g. of lIg804. The reaction alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinone possess amebicidal activity. Buumixtnre \vas stirred in the dark for 4 hr. The solution IV:IS filtered Hoi3 reported that 1-naphthylamine, 1,5naphthylenediamine, to remove the excess silver oxide and the lIgSOr. The ether and similar derivatives of 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone were solution was concentrated to yield 240 nig. of bright red-orange capable of inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. crystals. Recrystallization from anhydrous ether yielded 212 r\T,S-Diethyl-4-rhloro-l-hydroxy-2-naphthamide, ethyl 4-chloroI-hydroxy-2-naphthalate and S-phenethyl-4-chloro-1-hydroxy- mg. (82%) of product, m.p. 140-14lo. Anal. Calcd. for C17HilS03: C, 73.50; H, 4.00; S, 5.05. 2-naphthamide were shown by Franzen and Binkley6 to exhibit Found: C, 73.26; H, 4.04; S , 5.36. low antiprotozoal activity. It seemed quite likely that various Infrared absorption in KBr, 3.1 ( S - H ) , 6.1, 6.3 (C=O), substituted amide derivatives of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthojcacid and 5.9 p (quinone C=O); ultraviolet absorption in EtOH, and the corresponding 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-carboxamideshould ,,,A, 252 and 334 m p ; A m i n 310 nip. be interesting biologically. Reaction of 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid with Benzyl Bromide.-To 10 g. (0.05 mole) of 1,4-dihydrosy-2-naphthoic Experimental516 acid in 50 nil. of ethanol and 25 ml. of water was added 40 ml. of i S KOH and 33 ml. of benzyl bromide over a 20 min. period. 1,4-Dihydroxy-Z-naphthoicA~id.~-JVlien this c~Jlr~p~Jlilld I\ as Aft,er cooling to room temperature, 300 nil. of xvater n-as added inade according to the procedure of Homeyer and \?'allingford,7 and the aqueous solution acidified with glacial :icetic avid. F k :I red oil was often obtained in the preparation of the intermediate traction of the solution with CHCls and distillation of the CHCI, compound, diethyl 1,4-dihg-droxy-2,3-naphthalate.This diflayer a t 45' (0.58 mm.) resulted in a yellow sirup. The sirup ficulty n-as overcome when NaH was substituted for NaOC2Hj was layered with anhydrous ether in a stoppered flask. bVliite in the condensation of ethyl phthalate and ethyl succinate, and crystals separated after 2 weeks, 7 g., m.p. 142-133" (froni ether). by running the reaction in anhydrous ether. The melting point The analytical results are not in agreement Rith those expected for of diethyl l,l-dihydroay-2,3-naphthalate7 was raised from 62-64" benzyl l-hydroxy-4-O-benzyl-2-naplitlialate. to 74-74.5" x h e n the product was recrystallized twice from peAnal. Calcd. for C2jH2004: C, 78.12: H, 5.20. Found: troleum ether (b.p. 30-60"). C, 85.00; H, 5.70. Calcd. for C ~ H 2 ~ 0 1C,: 84.70: H, 5.88. 1,4-Naphthohydroquinone-2-carboxanilide.-To a suspension When l,.l-naphthalenedioI was treated n-itli benzyl bromide of 16 g. (0.123 mole) of aniline hydrochloride in 800 ml. of acetoand 7 -1-KOH and the reaction mixture worked up in tlie usual nitrile n a s added 17.5 nil. of triethrlamine followed by 25 g. manner, dibenzyl lJ4-naphthohydroquinone was isolated. Re(0.123 mole) of 1,4-dihydro\y-2-naphthoicacid and 54 g. (0.125 crystallization from ether gave white crystals, m.p. 112-1.23'. mole) of l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholiny1-(4)-ethyl) carbodiimide A mixture melting point with the product isolated previously metho-p-toluenesulfonate. After stirring for 48 hr. a t room caused no depression. The compound isolated ivas dibenzyl-l,-ltemperature, the l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl)urea naphthohydroquinone. metho-p-toluenesulfonate was removed by filtration, and washed Acetylation of 1,4-Dihydroxy-Z-naphthoic Acid with Acetic with 100 ml. of acetonitrile. The organic layers m r e combined Anhydride or Isopropenyl Acetate.-Rrfluxing 1 g. of 1,4-3ihydrox~--2-~iaphthoic. acid with 10 nil. of acetic anhydride and (1) Supported by Grant CY3231, U. S. Public Health Service. 0.5 g. of sodium acetate for 1.5 hr. yielded 1,4-diacetoxynaphtha(2) P. Truit, F. M. Wood, and R. Hall, J . Ora. Chem., 26, 1460 (1960). (3) N. P. Buu-Hoi, Bull. S O L .Chim., 11, 578 (1944). lene,8 recr>-stallized from ethano!, m.p. 124-125" (lit.i,8 125(4) J. S.Franaen and S. B. Binkley, J . Ora. Chem., 24, 992 (1959). 127'). Refluxing 1 g. of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoicacid n-ith ( 5 ) Analyses by Micro-Tech Laboratories, Skokie, 111. 10 ml. of isopropenyl acetat'e and 1 drop of sulfuric acid for 2 hr. (6) .\I1 melting points are corrected. The infrared spectra were run on a gave upon work-up, 220 mg. of 1,4-diacetoxynaphthalene,m.p. Perkin-Elmer Infracord spectrophotometer and the ultraviolet spectra were 125-126'. taken on a Beckman DG spectrophotometer. (7) .I. H . Homeyer and V. H. Wallingford. J . .4m. Chem. SOC.,64, 798 (8)
(1942).
F.Russig J . Prakt. Chem., 62, 30 (1900).
Book Reviews Steroid Reactions: An Outline for Organic C'hemists. Hy C A R L D J E R A ~ ~Holden-Day, I. Inc., San Francisco, Calif., 1963. vi 657 pp. 89.75.
+
The last two decades have seen an enormous increase in the volrime of literature on steroid cheniistry. I n a survey of reactions characteristic of this field both the steroid chemist and the general organic chemist face the dilemma of a complete literature search without sacrificing a significant slice of one's working time which, otherwise, could be spent in the laboratory.
I ' d . I)jurassi, \\.\IO is so w\rll hno\\n for his contrihutions to steroids, has now come out nit11 a book which every chemist in the field will receive with relief. The book under review can be considered more appropriately as a catalog or atlas rather than a text book as it illustrates the examples without much description. It is divided into 14 sections, each devoted to a given reaction. Each section is coniposed of :t comprehensive collection of examples of some particular reaction, s h i c h has been widely employed for steroids, and has been modified to suit specific requirements in individual cases.
The Iriefness of each ex:miple espertly inc~xporatingthe vital data and reitcation conditions together with editorial notes where necessary, en:ibles the reader to rii:ike selections :tc,c,ording to Iris needs at a glance. The separate bibliography for c:ic:h swtion is &IO very helpful for tracing the origin:il p:cpers, A literature search for less known re:tc*t,ionscauses Ircv!uerit 1). iiiore difficulties and frustration when long hours of work in t hi, 1ihr:tr.v :ire rewarded by only :I 1i:indful of inforni:itive tenccs. The present book offers :in up-to-d:itc enc,yc*lopctli sttlected reactions 1%-vhichhave been widely eiiipl,)>~.tlin steroiil c:honiistry. IIowever, esaniples of those reartions 1i:lvc tiwn omitted which have not received wide :ittention, such :E re:tc+ons i5c:itions of ring jiinction r rings to the steroid n ~ i ( ~ L i ~ i i ~ , is f:iniilitir wit11 steroid < ~ I i r i i i i s try will m i s s suvli c~x:irriplesnliic~li c~oultl1i:ive I)wn r:isily i r i r~irpor:tttd in :in additional section cir:iling wit11 ~ i i i s ( ~ ~ ~ l l : ~ n ~ ~ i i i i ~ re:irtions, without esc,eeding the liniits of this Iiuoli. Inc~lrision( i t siirh :iddition:il sections would h : i \ ~ni:ic.ic~this I)iil)lic,:Lt ion i nioro v:dii:il)le and comprehensivc.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Drugs Including Atlas of Spectra. By IRVISGPUSSHIXEand S.R. GERBER,Cuyahoga County Coroner’s Office. Cleveland, Ohio. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1963. svii 235 pp. $10.50.
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‘The introduction of spectroscopic- techniques for (1u:tlitative :inti qiuntitative analyses in clinical and forensic toxicology will
he greatly :misted by the :tppear:mee of this book. A detailed csperiniental procedure for the preparation of samples for ultraviolet) and infrared spectra deterniination from blood, urine, and strJni:tch-content specinlens should prove useable even by thosr previously untrained in spectroscopic techniques. hs the :iuthors indicate, a catalog of reference spectra must he kept by c:wh analyst since the appearance of new drugs is too rapid to dlow for publication of atlases of spectra. .2 very csc~ellentstitrt 11:ts been provided in this book, however, for ultraviolet. disorption spectr:i of 143 common drugs in acidic and basic solvent :ire presentrtl, along with 2GS infrared spectra. In most rases spectr:i of the therapeutic agent :is a KRr pellet a,nd in chloroforni solution :trc given. I n :ill cases the spectr:t are easily read and :ircl siillic*iently large for eatah cornpnrison wit,h esperiinent:illy 01 It:iincd rurves. For no apparent reason, tlie :iutliors indicate specific:tlly t1i:il a “l’erkin-Elmer Model 221 recording infrared spectrophotonicttc!r” is necessary equipment for the infr:tred andyses whilr tllo facat that the ultraviolet ahsorption spectra were determined using :t “Reckman DK2 recording ultraviolet spectrophotometer” \v:is iiient,ionrd only on the dust cover. This niay prove niis1e:idirig 1 0 t li(, toric*ologistwishing to initintc these techniques, for :inunilwr of infrared spectrophotometers :ire :tvail:tble with “sc:ile espansion,” the special feature required by this analysis. .% t:ihle beginning on page s i lists the ultraviolet spectra in orticti. of incre:tsing wive length of niajor absorption hands. This provides a rapid niet.hod for finding the curves for coinp:~risori with t h e unknown. 7’nfortun:~tely,the authors made no ~ t t r i n p t to provide some siniiliir procedure for espediting the caornp:irison of infr:ired spectra. .?. modification of the “P~tdtler”procediirc riiiglrt prove v:ilu:iblr. ’Tlrc presentation of the infr:ired c i i r v ( ~is esc-ellt:nt ; IIIJ\V t were not replotted from the inslruirient (‘iirv(1 :inti thus Iirc not lincvar in w:ivc lengt,h, providing soiiiv ililiii~iilly in determining t h es:ic+ ~ wavr length of long wave length iii:isini:i I~iirtherniore,tlie cnrvw :ire plotted in optic>:ildrnsity wliivli liinits their usefulnoss to tlie clie~iiic,:ilspectroscopist. r . IIIPintlt~sinili(*:itt~s tlie generic, ~i:tniesof all agents by preseiit:il ion in a11 c,:ipit:ils, hiit, synonynious nalnes :ire included. like ni:my indexw this one intiic:it,es tlie page number ui’ t hi: i’iirv(’sby hot ti the generic and synonymous names providing thv rtwlor :I r:ipitl referenco to the :Ltliis of sptv.t,r:i. 111 sliitc of 111(~frxv 11is:ulv:int:ig:tts nic~ntioned:tI)ov(1, t t w I ~ o i i l i
Pharmaceutical Firms U. S. A. & Canada, 1964. 7 2 1)1~.,p:yierl):t(,l 27 X 21 cni. 612.00. European Pharmaceutical Firms, 1964. 84 111). SlS.00. N o y e s Development Corp., Pearl River, S. Y. These publioations list m t j o r and minor ~~1iarrri:ic~euti~~l firiiis i n t ti? 1.. S.A%. :ind C‘:in:tti:t, 4000 firms in 15 European count>ries,:inti iiiajor :inti n h o r ones in India and Japan, Kith their :iddresscs. \ I m y , tliougli not t l i c . iii:i,jority of -2riic,ric:in listings, :ilso c.oiit:iin of the ofiiwrs of the companies, their subsidi:iric,s, :inti :rnnu:il s:ilcs. ‘Thosc not t m i t e d :is cstensivrtl>- 11i:iy IIC suspec*tcd t o ronsist of :i president, :L telephone, and :m oflii.cl ~ : i l e ~ r o o i i i - i ~ i : i ~ i i wing i ~ : i ~ ~plant, t combination. This desc,ription vcrtainly holds for n w i y of the European listings. This 1:tttm stst :dso presents short ni:irkct rcsewc’li surveys, vnluitble for oversexs 1r:rdr.
